chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
cibler ollhe 158 march and tournanenlgamcs he had playcdsince his deteat by Tarrrsch in 1914 he hid losr onlvf.nr Hisnamc was knoM to nnlions who ha{j Iitrle or no knowle.lge ot chess, a disiinction sha.ed only by MoRpEy and FIs.HrR. Although unive^ally admircd. Capablanca * s nor especiauy liked by other playes, lron whom he seened 10 srand ai a dislane. The leading sinultaneors player of his line, hc visired many clubsto play hisganes. collecthhfee, and depai without stopping to ralk to thc playeB as Lasker or Alekhinemighrbavedoae:nordid heofrendiscuss games pirh othcr m6le6. When not playine he prer.trcd iennE. bndge. rc^ding. or Lhe life of nlaybo,. He hal accrntcd challenees lrom boLh Rnt'indein ind NrMzowns.H. but neilher had bcefl able Io iaise thc srake monet, $10,000. In 1927, hosever, Capablanca and Atekhinc agreed lo a march. haing raised thc stakes by then joinr innuence in Aigentinar the narch took placc al Buenos Aiies rowards lhe end oi 1927. 1o almosl universal surprhe capablanca lost. +3=25 6. Ycas later Alekhine wrotc'l did nor believe I was superior ro hin. Perhaps the chiefreason fbr his deieal Nas thc overestimation oi his own poweE arisine oul of his oveNhclmine victory in New Y.rk 1927 .nd his undcresiimalion of dine. Tbe years 1921j to l93l weie do1 hap lor Capahla.ca. His marnage qas ioundering, histitle losr. Based in Pans ior most ofthis time. he strove in vain for a relum match. He played in nine toum.menls, winning sia of tbem (including Berlin oc1. 1928, +5=7), bur lailing id 1No othcr major tournaments: Bad Kissingcn 1928, second (+4=6 1) after BoeoljuboNr and Cansbad 1929, second (+10:9 2) equal with snEN^NN afler Nimzowitsch. CaPablanca came second (+5=3 1) to Elw in a small tournament al Hastings 193G1, and shorily afteh-ards these rvo net in 6atch play, Capablanca qinning +2=8. Hc then practically retired Iron fie eamc for mue In the sunner of 1934 he met Olga Chagodayev (nl. Choubaro!), an expatriate Rusian. Nho in 1938 became his second wiiei and hc decided to resume hisches carccr. Dhinclined to prePare, he lailed in 1wo iournaments: laking Iourth place at Hastings l9l1-5 and lourth (+7=10-2) after uo NNr(. !LoER,.nd Laskerar Moscov 1935.In 1936, howerer, he madc a real effon, vinning (+8=10) the catceory l3 Mos point ahcad of Borvinnik. and scoring +7=6 llo iic with Borviflnik in fie caregory 14 Nottinehan iournament, .head ol Euse (then world ch.B pion),.rNtr. REsHrls(Y, Abnhine (Nhon hc dcfcated), and Flobr. Butchessqas no lonAcr easy for hin; there were nore sorldclass players,lhe stud,y oi the openinAs (an idea Nbich Bould have appalled nnn) was beconing oi greater conscquencei a.d, woBe, he was sullcring f.om high A year or so laler he obtained a dilorce hoo his 6rsl wiie whose fanilv s!@eeded in halinp Capablan.a playing at Msrgare. 1935 Capab dn.a demoied tu rhe pn{ of Cumme(irl A'rx, h. he trr\ L,hl'ped for rhe nht ine lo d. a htlc work, *hich, sai.l hh second wiie, hc caried out cohciendolsly. Hall-wal throueh the great oI i938 hesuffcrcdaslighlstroke ^!Rorournamenr ands.orcd only lour draws in lhe last selengamcs. rakin8 sevenrh placc out of eiSht contcsta.rs. IIis lasr serious gamcs vere at lhe Buenos Aies Oltmprnd lo1'r shen he plded hhr board fur rhe cuhrn Lr.r Ile Jt
58 CAPABLANCA FREEINO MANGUVRE recalled lhal he and RAGozN, after thorough analysis'of a posilio., mnsulted Capablanca qho lisle.ed, sniled, shook his head, and inmcdialely pinpointed their eros: We went into a long andlysis and ir turncd out rhat capablanca was nChr. The best loown books by Capablanca are M, Chess Cateer (1920) d chess Fuadaneatolt (1921). The fomer is an xurobiosraphy in vhi.h his .andour and honesty vere Lken lor cotreit, and the laiter is an instructional book whi.h included six of ihe te. lc*s he had sustained up to that time. He also Mote a texibook in the Slankh lansuage (1913), a book oI the HavaM touname.t ot t913, a.d A tuimet ofChes (1935). He nade a senes of chss letures whi.h were broadcast on the wireless dd published poslhunously. (See e.(- MN( MAE: OOSED CNE; IN TORMAION; SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAYI SPACE.) H. Golonbek. Capablatua's Hundred B6t can6 of ch.s (1947)i M. Euwe and L. Pnns, de, schoakphaomeen losi Raoul Copablah.a (1949, ^ Geman transladon CupablancFnB Schacnpllahau.nwaspuhlished in 1979)a J. Gilchnst and D . Hoopet . Weltgeschichk des knochs: Capoblan .d (1%3) contains 571 narch and roumamenr gmesi D. Brandrclh and D. Hooper, The Unknown capabtonco (r97s) conrains 209 games complementing lhose in Gilcbist and Hoop€rs Cap*'la.ca Tartako*er New York l9z Dutch Dcrd4f5 zNBe6 3.4N16 4BgiBcT 5Nc3G0 6db6 7 Bd3 Bb7 300Qe3 9Qe2Ne4 l0BieTNrd llbxd Qx€7 12a4BxA BQxANc6 14Rn1Raes 15Qh:l Rf6 16 f4 Na5 17 Qf] d6 l3 Rc1 Qd? 19 c,l fic,l 20 Qxe4 e6 2l s3 Kft 2 Ks2 Ra7 23 h4 d5 Wlrirc Ioreses rhat in rhe enqame hh doninaiion of rhe sevenlh rank wil be de.isive. 24 cxd5 eid5 15 Qxc3+ Qxe8 % Rre3+ Kxc3 27h5Rf6 23L\g6hxg6 29Rhl KA 30Rh7Rc6 31g4Nc4 32g5Ne3+ 33KBNI5 34 Bxr5 exf5 v&swH:tg&,t m %twtw fr."%&,twgw 35 Kg3 R*1+ 36Kh4 Ra 37 g6Rxt4+ 33 Ks5 Re4 39 Kf6 Kgs 40 Re7+ Kh3 41 Rxc? Rett 42 L{f5 Rc,1 43 Kl6 Rf.l+ 4{ Ke5 Rgl 45 g7+ Kg3 46 RxaTRgl 47 L{ds Rci ,l3 Kd6 Rc2 49d5Rcr 50Rc7 52 d6 Bla.l Esisns. CAPABLANCA FR'E.ING MAN@TryRD, 98 iN the QUEEN\ GABr Declined (play might continue l0Bxe7Qxe7 11G0 Nrc3 12R\c3e5). Around l9l7 .APaBLANG w6 seeking a Nay by which Black could complele his developnenl withoutthe need to adlance and perhaps weakcn his quecn\ side pawns. Hc @me up with an idea (begiming 7 . . . c6) that had beetr rried by ssowArER in rhe lasft .nd rhis he.,me tne main li.e ol the oREoDox DETENCE, supplarting lhe older CAIABLANCA VARTATION, 95. an attacking line in rhe aulEN s cAMnrDecli.ed int.odrced by .fdLANcA agaimt rErcHM^N! in 1913:167 in the ouE.Nis rNDr^N DEENG, Plated suc@ssfully by Capablanca dany limes from 1q28 o.wards. caPPED PAWN. see ProN corFf. CAPTURE, a nove ihai onsish of playing a nan to a square o.cupied by an encmy man. othcrlhan the king, and renovinB the eneny man lrom the bo d (for the one exception see * pAss^M)i to mahe such a Eove. Capturing n nor compulsory unless there is no other legai mo!e. CAII-SBAD VARIATTON, 232, a line in lhe srcruAN DIENCE nrs1 given by Jaenisch and played ia the tournamentatCadsbad (noN Karloly vary) 1923. Also4l. aline in the sr.AvIEEN.Elhalcane to promi.ence during tne Carlsbad iournament t929. CARLS VARIATION, 11. the uRFrlN lARrAroN ot the rNcL,sH opEN,Nr;; carl carls (1880-1958) oi Bremen analysed this line exlensively befo.e lbe CARG(ANN DEFENCE. 297. Bla.k\ inte.tion n to phy 2 ... Pd? d5 challenging wlite s e pawn. (Conpare FENcs DEENCE.) After 2 d4 d5 3 N.3 or 3 Nd2, however, Black probably has nothing belte. than 3 . . . dxe4 giving up thc enlre. In ftis resped his prospecls would seem to be le$ utislacbry lhan they would be in the Frcnch Defence, bu1 he has . compensannB adva.tage: he en derelop his LrcHr BrsHop on thc king\ side atter 4 Nxe4 Bf5, the .hssr.ar vARrAroN, or alter 2 d4 d5 3 e5, rhe svaNcE vaRrAroN. 3 ... Bf5 Other lines include the Ntcsr v^R'^!oN favoured by NrMzowr^cir and the ExcuNcE v.MroN which is somelimes followed by the pANov BonNNr( AnAc(. This defence. mentio.ed by poLERro..1590, pas reintodued in rhe 1880s noiably by wEAs who played it several limes al Nurenberg 1883. The namc refe6 to tne British player Eoralio Caro (1862 1920) andtheVienneseplayerMarcns Kan. (1820 86), and rheir re.omnendarions appeared \n $e aaauine B.adekhafi, 1886. Hosever, rhe CarcKannwasnotacccpted6astandarddefene until its adoption by Nimzowilsch and.APABLANcA, and *as not played in a world chmpio.ship match unlil usd by BonNMK in 1958. (See
- Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
- Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
- Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
- Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
- Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
- Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
- Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
- Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
- Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
- Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
- Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
- Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
- Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
- Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
- Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
- Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
- Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
- Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
- Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
- Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
- Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
- Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
- Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
- Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
- Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
- Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
- Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
- Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
- Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
- Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
- Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
- Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
- Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
- Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
- Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
- Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
- Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
- Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
- Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
- Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
- Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
- Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
- Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
- Page 104 and 105: The objecr, morc often than no1, n
- Page 106 and 107: DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
- Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
- Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
- Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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58 CAPABLANCA FREEINO MANGUVRE<br />
recalled lhal he and RAGozN, after thorough<br />
analysis'of a posilio., mnsulted Capablanca qho<br />
lisle.ed, sniled, shook his head, and inmcdialely<br />
pinpointed their eros: We went in<strong>to</strong> a long<br />
andlysis and ir turncd out rhat capablanca was<br />
nChr.<br />
<strong>The</strong> best loown books <strong>by</strong> Capablanca are M,<br />
<strong>Chess</strong> Cateer (1920) d <strong>chess</strong> Fuadanea<strong>to</strong>lt<br />
(1921). <strong>The</strong> fomer is an xurobiosraphy in vhi.h<br />
his .andour and honesty vere Lken lor cotreit,<br />
and the laiter is an instructional book whi.h<br />
included six of ihe te. lc*s he had sustained up <strong>to</strong><br />
that time. He also Mote a texibook in the Slankh<br />
lansuage (1913), a book oI the HavaM <strong>to</strong>uname.t<br />
ot t913, a.d A tuimet ofChes (1935). He nade a<br />
senes of chss letures whi.h were broadcast on the<br />
wireless dd published poslhunously. (See e.(-<br />
MN( MAE: OOSED CNE; IN<br />
TORMAION; SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAYI SPACE.)<br />
H. Golonbek. Capablatua's Hundred B6t can6<br />
of ch.s (1947)i M. Euwe and L. Pnns, de,<br />
schoakphaomeen losi Raoul Copablah.a (1949,<br />
^<br />
Geman transladon CupablancFnB Schacnpllahau.nwaspuhlished<br />
in 1979)a J. Gilchnst and<br />
D . Hoopet . Weltgeschichk des knochs: Capoblan<br />
.d (1%3) contains 571 narch and roumamenr<br />
gmesi D. Brandrclh and D. <strong>Hooper</strong>, <strong>The</strong> Unknown<br />
capab<strong>to</strong>nco (r97s) conrains 209 games<br />
complementing lhose in Gilcbist and Hoop€rs<br />
Cap*'la.ca Tartako*er New York l9z Dutch Dcrd4f5<br />
zNBe6 3.4N16 4BgiBcT 5Nc3G0 6db6 7<br />
Bd3 Bb7 300Qe3 9Qe2Ne4 l0BieTNrd llbxd<br />
Qx€7 12a4BxA BQxANc6 14Rn1Raes 15Qh:l<br />
Rf6 16 f4 Na5 17 Qf] d6 l3 Rc1 Qd? 19 c,l fic,l 20<br />
Qxe4 e6 2l s3 Kft 2 Ks2 Ra7 23 h4 d5<br />
Wlrirc Ioreses rhat in rhe enqame hh doninaiion of rhe<br />
sevenlh rank wil be de.isive. 24 cxd5 eid5 15 Qxc3+<br />
Qxe8 % Rre3+ Kxc3 27h5Rf6 23L\g6hxg6 29Rhl<br />
KA 30Rh7Rc6 31g4Nc4 32g5Ne3+ 33KBNI5 34<br />
Bxr5 exf5<br />
v&swH:tg&,t<br />
m %twtw<br />
fr."%&,twgw<br />
35 Kg3 R*1+ 36Kh4 Ra 37 g6Rxt4+ 33<br />
Ks5 Re4 39 Kf6 Kgs 40 Re7+ Kh3 41 Rxc? Rett 42<br />
L{f5 Rc,1 43 Kl6 Rf.l+ 4{ Ke5 Rgl 45 g7+ Kg3 46<br />
RxaTRgl 47 L{ds Rci ,l3 Kd6 Rc2 49d5Rcr 50Rc7<br />
52 d6 Bla.l Esisns.<br />
CAPABLANCA FR'E.ING MAN@TryRD, 98 iN<br />
the QUEEN\ GABr Declined (play might continue<br />
l0Bxe7Qxe7 11G0 Nrc3 12R\c3e5). Around<br />
l9l7 .APaBLANG w6 seeking a Nay <strong>by</strong> which<br />
Black could complele his developnenl withoutthe<br />
need <strong>to</strong> adlance and perhaps weakcn his quecn\<br />
side pawns. Hc @me up with an idea (begiming<br />
7 . . . c6) that had beetr rried <strong>by</strong> ssowArER in<br />
rhe lasft .nd rhis he.,me tne main li.e ol<br />
the oREoDox DETENCE, supplarting lhe older<br />
CAIABLANCA VARTATION, 95. an attacking<br />
line in rhe aulEN s cAMnrDecli.ed int.odrced <strong>by</strong><br />
.fdLANcA agaimt rErcHM^N! in 1913:167 in the<br />
ouE.Nis rNDr^N DEENG, Plated suc@ssfully <strong>by</strong><br />
Capablanca dany limes from 1q28 o.wards.<br />
caPPED PAWN. see ProN corFf.<br />
CAPTURE, a nove ihai onsish of playing a nan<br />
<strong>to</strong> a square o.cupied <strong>by</strong> an encmy man. othcrlhan<br />
the king, and renovinB the eneny man lrom the<br />
bo d (for the one exception see * pAss^M)i <strong>to</strong><br />
mahe such a Eove. Capturing n nor compulsory<br />
unless there is no other legai mo!e.<br />
CAII-SBAD VARIATTON, 232, a line in lhe<br />
srcruAN DIENCE nrs1 given <strong>by</strong> Jaenisch and played<br />
ia the <strong>to</strong>urnamentatCadsbad (noN Karloly vary)<br />
1923. Also4l. aline in the sr.AvIEEN.Elhalcane<br />
<strong>to</strong> promi.ence during tne Carlsbad iournament<br />
t929.<br />
CARLS VARIATION, 11. the uRFrlN lARrAroN ot<br />
the rNcL,sH opEN,Nr;; carl carls (1880-1958) oi<br />
Bremen analysed this line exlensively befo.e lbe<br />
CARG(ANN DEFENCE. 297. Bla.k\ inte.tion<br />
n <strong>to</strong> phy 2 ... Pd? d5 challenging wlite s<br />
e pawn. (Conpare FENcs DEENCE.) After 2 d4<br />
d5 3 N.3 or 3 Nd2, however, Black probably has<br />
nothing belte. than 3 . . . dxe4 giving up thc<br />
enlre. In ftis resped his prospecls would seem <strong>to</strong><br />
be le$ utislacbry lhan they would be in the<br />
Frcnch Defence, bu1 he has . compensannB<br />
adva.tage: he en derelop his LrcHr BrsHop on thc<br />
king\ side atter 4 Nxe4 Bf5, the .hssr.ar<br />
vARrAroN, or alter 2 d4 d5 3 e5, rhe svaNcE<br />
vaRrAroN. 3 ... Bf5 Other lines include the<br />
Ntcsr v^R'^!oN favoured <strong>by</strong> NrMzowr^cir and<br />
the ExcuNcE v.MroN which is somelimes<br />
followed <strong>by</strong> the pANov BonNNr( AnAc(.<br />
This defence. mentio.ed <strong>by</strong> poLERro..1590, pas<br />
rein<strong>to</strong>dued in rhe 1880s noiably <strong>by</strong> wEAs who<br />
played it several limes al Nurenberg 1883. <strong>The</strong><br />
namc refe6 <strong>to</strong> tne British player Eoralio Caro<br />
(1862 1920) andtheVienneseplayerMarcns Kan.<br />
(1820 86), and rheir re.omnendarions appeared<br />
\n $e aaauine B.adekhafi, 1886. Hosever, rhe<br />
CarcKannwasnotacccpted6astandarddefene<br />
until its adoption <strong>by</strong> Nimzowilsch and.APABLANcA,<br />
and *as not played in a world chmpio.ship<br />
match unlil usd <strong>by</strong> BonNMK in 1958. (See
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