chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 used trequently
during the tounanenl held in 1904 at Cambridge
Springs, a spa inPennsylvania. ALEGINEnadeu*
of this defen@ fiv. times in the World Cbam
pionship natch of 1927, since {hen n hd oc@lrcd
less often, pa.tly because While usually plars the
ExcnANcE va{^rloN, 83. (See (ASHDAN.)
CAMDL, an unorthodox LBPER used in sonc
lorns of crEAr cH.ss. Tbe co ordinates of its leaps
are 3.1. and rhe length ofits movc V10. A canel
attacks from t*o 10 eight squares on lhe nornal
board depending on its position. II pla@d on d4 it
wonld attacl( a3, a5, c7, e7,85,93, el, andc1. (In
Tibet and Mongolia camel is the .ane used for the
CAMPBELL VARTATION, 610, a defen@ lo th€
rEEmz(! cdBlr devised arou.d 1860 by Joseph
Graham canpbell (1830-91), a problenist and
one oI London\ strongesl playe6. Als tno{n as
Brentano Derence or (E.) Mor?hy variation.
CAMPOMANES,FLORENCIO(1927 ),aFiIi.
pino who reprcsenled his ounlry !t list board in
the L.ipzig oLYMN, 1960, and sDcceeded olss
soN as president ofEDE in 1982.
CANAL, ESTEBAN (18% 1981), Inter.ational
Grandmasier (197). Bom in Peru, whe.e he spenr
the lirst 26 years of his life. hc had few opportuni
ries to delelop his talenr during his youtb. He came
to Europe in 1923 and in that year madc his
inlernational d;bul at the Trieste lour.anenl.
taking se@nd place aftcr H. rorNER. His best
toumanent achievenents were in 1933 whef, he
came thnd (+3:l 1) after E. srE,NER and
rLrsKAsEs at Ke6kem€t and look fist p.ize ahead
of LrLrEWr, L. SENDR, Eliskases, and E.
Steiner at Budapesl, Strbseqnently he Played in
nany mino. evenls wirh varying success and for tb€
Peruvian team at the Dubrovni* Olympiad, 1950.
Canal P. Johner Carlsbad 1929 l.aliaa Openins. Canal
variation
1e4e5 2NBNC6 3Nc3Nl6.1Bc4B.5 5d3d6 6895
h6 TBr.lriQ6 3Nd5Qd3 9dNe7 10d4exd4 ll
Nxd4Nxd5 128xd50.0 llQdlQ6 r4Bb3Re3 150'0
Be6 16 8.2 g6 17 rhl Rads 1314 Bd7 19 f5 35
20Ne6tie6 2lt\e6Qg6 22eid7Rxd7 23Rf5R.ie7 24
RallKpT 25e5Rh3 26e6oxe6 27RJ6 Blackresipns
CAPABLANCA 55
CANAL VARJATION, 492 in tbe daLN oENINc,
line rei.troduced byCANALin 1929 *irh a new idea
innind(6.. .h6 7Bxl6Qxf6 8N(t5Od8 9c3)i
88, the Venic€ Va.iation ol the ouE.Nt GdBr
CANDIDATE, (1) NNzo\mcs\ name Io! a Bu
CANDIDATE, (2) one oi a Sroup of playcrs who
conpeles in the 6nal eliminaring contest lor the
right lo chalenge the world champion. To be@me
a candidate a player must quality in an ImRzoNAL
rclRNAMTNt orind, other man.er p.escribed by
FIDE. To decide who should be ch.uenger nve
candidates tournaments were held (sinnc6 in
brackek): Budapest 1950 (BIoN$EIN afie. a
pla!-oft), Neuhausen zuflch tgsl GMlsDv),
amsrerdam lq5o (Smyslo\), Bled Zagreb Bclsrade
1959 (rar), and curaEao 1962 (EBosvaN).
Sin e then Candidales, linited 10 eight in nnmbe.,
have played matches on a knock-out basis every
ihr.ev$rs The nnen ofthe final narches who
ihus 6ecanc challeneeG sere spAssn (1965,
1968), EscHDR (1971), xARtuv (1974), rcicsNol
(1977, 1980), and tusP^Rov (1984).
CANDIDATE MAS'ITR, a national litle i. ene
@unhies, ranking inmediaiely below thal of
CaPABLANCA, JOSE RA0L (1888 1912),
World Champion 1921 7. Bom in Ctba, the
second suNivi.g son oI an arny ofli@r. hc learnt
chess at rhe age of four but wa nol allowed lo play
frequently uolil the autunn oi 1901, Nhen he
defeated Juan cozo (187!1938) in an informal
match (+,1:6 3). (Four monlhs latc. when J.
corzo won fie nrst national championship capablanca
took foudh place.) A cuban inddrialisl
peking manage.ial talent ofered 10 pay for
Capablanca's edDcadon in the USA, andthere he
senl to scbool in 1904 and to Colunbia Universiry
in 1906. Duane len and holidays alike C.pa
blanca spent much spare tine at the Manhattan
Ches Club where he played htrndreds of friendly
gdnes againsl the leading playe.s of Ne* York.
There too he played many gmes against ksER,
then World Chanpion, fro6 sbom he leamt to
app.oach the game pragmatically rather than with
tbe preconceived ide6 that characterted the
teachi.es ol rARes.d. Even in hn studenl days
CapablancashowedouBlandingENDGAMEskilland
a. ertraordinarily quick srcHr oF GE Bo*D.
(Writine in 1946,
^G$NE
stated that he had
neve. seen in anr otherplayer such a'flabbe.sasti.g
quicknes ol chess comprehe.siotr'.) Capa
blanca was studying engineering, vhich he lound
oncrous, especially disliking draughtsma.ship
because ihe dravings which had to l,c p.epared so
careluly would have no u* aftg the nachines had
been nade frcm them; whateve. ends he sought he
foud tne neans iedious, and olte. skinped them: