chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

50 BRISTOL CLEARANCE
sty'e. Anong theB arc: SchachtueisteL $e sie
kdnpfet und sieget (1932). Det Aasiff in d*
Sctuchpanie (1935), Kut Rntue$ beste Pani
(1939), a .evised venion or which, publbhed in
1961, conkins 98 ganes; Cro$neittet Bogoljubov
(t953): and Si.gbet Tan6ch, Lehnebtet .t
BRISToL CLEAk{NCE, or Bristol thene, a
problem ndenwe: piece A is moved along a line;
anolher line-piee, B, i moved to this line and then
along it tosaids piee A. to or heyond the square
o@upied by that piee inirially.
w^w %.av&
r.www
ffi wE%*
wwwL
W WLffi
%xrqw ry&
A prohlem by the English compGer Frdk Healey
(1828-1906). o.e oI a set rhdr son tust prire in the
Bristol iourney, i861. The $lunon. t Rhl Bc8 2
Obi Bb5 3 Og1, shoFs tne earliesl example oI
'pure' clearance: lhc rook on White\ 6rst ranl
takes no pa.r in the checknare. ir merely gels out oI
tn the so called two-mover Brhtol two pieces
already on tho same li.e a.e moved along it, one
foUowing i. the wake oI rhe other.
BRODSLY-JONES VARIATTON, 638, a line n)
the TREN.H DEFEN.T discovered i.dependently in
189 by Adoll Brodsky (1851 1929), head of ttc
Manchesler College of Music. and Edward O*en
Jones (1861-1911). Sub*qtrenrly, nasters came ro
prefer9... Nd4to 9... t6.
BRON, VLADIMIR ArIMOVICH O9O9- ).
Soviel tumposer, Internationat Judge oI Chess
Conposilions (1956), International Grandmaster
for Choss Conpositions (1975), a doctor or
technical sciene who speci.lles in nre ,esearch.
He became interesred in srudies at an early age and
gained an award in the 66t lourney of the
All-Urio. chess *ction in 1925. Although he aho
compGes problens be is belter known as ihe nrst
ouisia.ding shdy @mposo from the Ukraine.
His boot /2brd,ri. Etyudy i Zodachi (1969)
contains a seleclion oI l50oIhis (udiesand90 ot
hh problens. (see DourNAroN.)
BRONSTEIN, DAVID IONOI.ICH (1924 ),
Intcrnational Gradmaster (1950), one ollhe best
lour players in the *oild lor about ten yean irom
1948. He leamed the Sane in Kiev and in 1940,
ifter $me local succsses. becane one of the
younaesl soviet player to be awarded the National
Master title. In 1946 he won a slrong Mos@w
chanpionship tournament (+10=3-2). (He
subsequenily won or shared this litle 6ve nore
lines, the last in 1961.) Bronsrei.'s swifi progress
from 1946 hss few precedents. He won fte ns1
(md sfonSest) iniemnal in 1948 (+8:11); came
fi61in two USSR championship , shari.g lhe drle
with Kmv in 1948 and Gmrins +8=10 1) *iih
sMysrrv in 1949; came firsr (+8=8 2) equal Ii1h
BolEshvs( in tbe caleaory 16 cNDrDArEs
loumanen! Budapest 1950; ad won the play-ofi
(+3=9-2) to b{one the frBr olficial chal,enger
for the vorld championship.
The march agai61 BlmNM( look place in 1951-
BronsEin olten outwitled his opponenr in lhe
MTDDLE-GAME {usuany the decisive phae) but
lacked adeqnate ENDceE lechnique. and the
match was dram (+5=14 5). He had proved
himseli ihe equal of Borvinnik who. however,
relained the title in ac@rdance with flDE rules. In
1953 Bronstein played in the.alegory i6 Candidares
t.nm,ment al Nenhausn and Zunch. and
came second (+6=20-2) equal with xrREs atrd
REssEvsK afler Smyslov. Afier wintring 6st pnzes
io the Belgrado international toumament oi 1954
(+8:1i) md in rhe iniezonal oI1955 (+10=10)
BroBrein s@red +4=11 3 to share third Prize
in the Candidales loumanent at Amsterdan
1956.
Fron 1957 10 1980 be played in nore than 40
strong internalional tounanenls ot all tinds,
latitrg or sharing 10 6rstplaces: Gotha 1957: Mos
cow 1959, category 12 (+3=8), a rie vith smlslor
and sp^$(i Szonbathely 1966 (+9=5 1)i Mos
cow 1968 (+7=7-1), a tie with PmosYAN who
won rhe play-offiBerLn 1968(+7=7- t)iSuatevo
107l; Ha*ines 1971{ (+o=8-l): sanloniea
1976; B apesl 1977 (+6:10); Jumala 1978. I.
addilion he had several other good results: Mos-
@N 1964. a ctegory 15 zonal lournaDetrr
(+2=9-l), equal wirh sE,N alter sF ssxv: and i.
UssR chanpionships he was second in 1957
(+9=9 3, cqual with reres) and 1964 5
(+10:6-3). and thnd in 1958(+7=9-2) and 1961
(+6=13-1). Bronslein played in rour olymPiads
(1952,1951,1956, and 1958), naking a toialscore
of +30 t8=1, and yiming rhe Prizc for rhe best
third- or fourth-board sore three tines.
Sociable and f.iendy, .lNays with a ready smilc,
Bromlein is popular among ches$playeni lhe,
also like hh c.eative niddle'game play and the
.econdite maneuvres he $nelines linds. His n6r
and best book, published in 1954. contains the
games ot tic Neuhausen-Zurich Candidales
tour.ament.1953.'Isra ed. he wnles, 'trom the
prenise thal every iull bodied gane of che$ is an
artislic endeavou. arising out of. . . lbc battlc oI
che$ideas,'and adds rhat hc wish.sto displaythe
.ich.ess and limitlcss ertent ol lhese ideas. The
book is un€n mbered by exlensive variations