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choicc of moves. These artistic requircments by lheirnature cannot be delined prccisely. This style was Iathered by Anton K6nig (1836 1911) in the 186G althoDgh its ancestry nay be traced to thc so.k oiDoRqrE and theEnglish conpose.John Brown (1827 63). KoniA, vho cane lron Bobe mia, tras tollowed by naoy of his .ountrynen inciudins Jan Dobruski (185!1907),lti Chocoloua (1856-1930), Jo*I Pospliil (1661 1916), zden€k Mach (1877 1954). and HAvtL. A problcm by Dobruski. zl,r, P/,rd. 1893 Alter the key. I B.4, two variations show model males. one a chaneleon echo ot 1he other: I . . . exd6 2 Rg5+(f6 3Bd8j r.. 13 2Nl5+(xf5:lBd3 BOLESLAVSKY 43 BoI, PAO I-O (1528 98), Italian player nicknamcd 'tl Sna.usano alter bis birlhplacc. Hc tmlelled abroad for 20 years, dcfcating Ruy L6PEZ qhen in Spain. An ac@mplished blindlold plaler, he coutd handle thrce games simulraneously, chatting Nith tnc bystande.s meanwhile. Hc aas a falourite oI theDukeolUrbino, and Popc PiLs V offered hio a pnesrhood whi.n hc declined. He played bcfore Philif II oI Spain who gave hin! a letler of inroduction to DonJohn ofAnstria. King Sebas rian ofPorruaal also honotrred hin. Tbe accounls othis lile halc become tinged wilhromance, and it is noi clca. how much is truc: whelher he *as captured b] Pirates, earaed freedom by his chcss sknl, and dicd of poison, are natrcrs of specula 1ion. (Much lhe sanevm said oI hh coueague rnd rivalLEoN^bo.) l knew him in myyouth', srilcs c^RREtu, lhen I sasatlalernoin theycar 1597. His hairwas qDiie white, bn iorm robusl, and his mind 6irn. He dressed very fashionably, like a youne man.and was !e ry capricious i ne vertheless, hc had many excelent qullitics, he*asexfenely chaste and nodest-hc sould neverdarry . . he arrc.ded mass everv dav.. ..ln slarurc he Nas ralhcr tall, Nell p;opo;tioicd, handsone. .nd livelyi eloquent in co.vc6ation, and gay and affable wilheveryone' Carera, $ho regarded Boi as lhe gre.tesi playcr ol his time, ends a lone testimonial 'I have lboughl il proncr to give a lull account ol such r nin, that hn name may be +3 A problem by Havel that son n$t prize in lhe 1r4lu 5.a..n6,i.alourney, 1927.Thekeyis1 Ra4 Therc are model naies ailer I . . . Bxa4 2 Oe4+ Kc5 l Og7, or I . . . Br (or L . . Rh6) 2 Qxc4+ Kxc4 3 Rxb4. ln reply to mosl other black moves Whne wonld play 2 Qd5+ Nxd5 3 Nc6, a kind ol malc knownasapin nodel: allhough rhc rookatc4 hon anighrsquareshich isahou.deraltacklhemaleis rcgardcdaspDrci fortherookisneessanlypinned (orheNise Black could play Rc4rNc6). Bohefrian comPoses like ro use as Ic{ whitc pa{ns as possihlei Havel oltcn uscd none. In rnc Rtitith ChL$ Maqazin?, 193?. DANSoN published the lollowing posnion, given in Fosyth notalion: 8/3K4/6kl/4R3r3P4/3P4/3P2p1/,1R3 whirc is to matc in three moves. and lhere are 16 model mates alter the key, I R5e2. Thi nay be a re@id, bul n is not a Bobenian problemr thc nating net is crlde- thc play dult and .epetitive BOLBOC ANT JULIO (1920- ). Argenline player, I.ternational Crandmasier (197?), seler!l tines natio.al champion. His Ie{ appearan.cs in Europcan evenls brought hin littlc success. but he ., me 6 in $lerxl South ,\mcrican toumaments. notably ^r Mar del Plala-Buenos Aires 1951 (a lic wnh E!s$s.s). Mar del Plal. 1952 (a tic aith Rossrro ahead oI rRlruNoqa), and Md del Plata 1956 (a tie with NArDoRr ahcad ol Eliskases). Bolbochan qualilied for an irterzonal loumrnenr on tbree occasions bnl competed odly once, al Srockholm in 1962. when be cane thntccnth. He playcdin seven Olympiadst om 1950to 1970. and shen Argentiia took the silvcr medal in 1950 he s..red +9=5 the best sccond-board result. Hn brolher lacobo (190G ) played in rhrec Olympiads (1935, 1937, 1939) and bccamc an Inte.national Masrer in 1965. BOLESLAVSKY. ISAAC YEFREMOVICH (1919 77). Soviet player ind theornl, lnrcr.aliondl Grandnasler (1950). iour.alisr. He had several cxccllcnt tounamenl results dunng the 1940s: Moscow 1942. second (+9*4 2) alter sMysrovi USSR Championship 19a5, second (+9=6-2) aller BorlrNNr(; USSR Championship 1947. second (+7=12) altc. xEn6: saltsj.baden inier zoDal 1948, about category 14. thnd (+6=12 1) after unrrNsrFrN ina c7^u6:,nd I,SSR Championship 1949, lilih (+6=ll 2) cqual Nith RJR- MAN and (orov. Bolcdavsky scored +6=12 and
,I4 BOLESLAVS(Y VARIATION shared fitsI place wnh Bronsiein in lhc calcgory l6 CANDTDAm touinamcnri 1950, btrt lost the play ofi Subsequently he scored +8=7 4 10 shaie foulih place in the USSR Chaapionship 1952and +4=19 5 to share tenth placc in thc Candidates tournanent 1953, From lhen. writes Kotov,'an overeslimation oflechnique and a desire io aroid compli.ations. . ledloa.otuiderabledropinthe siandard of his periornances.' Boleslavsky playcd in one oiydpiad (1952) bu1 atlended nany 6 a 'backroon boy to provide ideaslhatwould assisl the Soviet rcam. The str(ess of pErRosys s challenge lor the world tite in 1963owednuch lo Boleslavsky\ pre natch lrainingi hc was als Pehosyan\ se@nd in rhe world championships ot A simple nnpushlul n n, be wasoneolthc most .rentive chess Lhinkers l-ikc NrMzowrs.H. he coneird new stratcCic ideas, demonslrated fteir soundness in play, aod wrote books and anicles alDut them. I. partiolai his discolery ol new resonrces ior Black in rhe (N nadelhisopeningoncof themostpopularr andlhe strategy underlying ihe Boleslavsky varialion ol the sicilian Detede (below) renains or interesi, especially in analogous lincs ol play such as the P.,.m,iN vaRrAroN. (See scHo Nrss.) In 195? he ptblishe
Page 2 and 3: The game of ches exerts a fascinati
Page 4 and 5: THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
Page 6 and 7: PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
Page 10 and 11: ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
Page 12 and 13: 16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
Page 14 and 15: game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103:
DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105:
The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 106 and 107:
DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109:
DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113:
ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115:
as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117:
nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119:
entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121:
EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123:
A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125:
chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127:
Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131:
seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133:
Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135:
FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137:
GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139:
trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143:
cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145:
GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147:
2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153:
Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155:
conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157:
HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163:
TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165:
J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167:
JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 168 and 169:
Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
Page 170 and 171:
HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
Page 172 and 173:
KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
Page 174 and 175:
0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
Page 176 and 177:
KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179:
KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
Page 180 and 181:
sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
Page 182 and 183:
KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
Page 184 and 185:
KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
Page 186 and 187:
delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
Page 188 and 189:
1914, a historic event because Capa
Page 190 and 191:
playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193:
FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195:
LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
Page 196 and 197:
the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
Page 198 and 199:
LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
Page 200 and 201:
Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
Page 202 and 203:
L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
Page 204 and 205:
idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207:
MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209:
t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
Page 210 and 211:
€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
Page 212 and 213:
was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215:
MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
Page 216 and 217:
as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219:
a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
Page 220 and 221:
The play is somelines said to show
Page 222 and 223:
nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
Page 224 and 225:
MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
Page 226 and 227:
playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229:
While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233:
NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
Page 234 and 235:
temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
Page 236 and 237:
indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239:
OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241:
was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243:
inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
Page 244 and 245:
white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247:
PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249:
An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251:
PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
Page 252 and 253:
any player in thc world. None of bi
Page 254 and 255:
seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
Page 256 and 257:
asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269:
publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273:
Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275:
The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279:
PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285:
RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291:
A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293:
stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295:
naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301:
s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303:
In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313:
sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323:
the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329:
man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337:
about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld