chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

,IO BOARD
Thc blundcs now bogin On borh his 26rh and 27th noves
wiite courd hale *on hy Qh3+ fonovcd hy a F^MrLy
Bd6
.nk(, {hile tslack ould have played 26
picvcnling rhis.onbimlion. 26 Bb2? 8.6? 27 13? Bd6
23€3O15 29c,lQg6 30BNd7 ll Nh3l6 32NI4O1f 33
Qg4Ne5 34Qxe6NxB+ 35Kf2ore6 36Nrc6Nd2 37
:]q K.l Bh? ,m Nf5 Bc7 41
Bd4 Kfl 42 Br5 KE6 43 Bd6 Bda 44 Nd4 Bd5 45 h3
Bb6 468c5 Bc7 47Ne2Bc4 {Nr4+Kfl 49h1C5 50
h:g5t\95 51Nt3KI6 52 Nt2 KI5 5394+Ke6 54Nh3
Kf6 55 Bd4+ X36 56 Ke4 Bft 57 Nf2 Be2+ 53 K,l3
Bd5 sgNdtBB 60NtBl4 61Be3Bg3 62Kd4!b3 63
Kd3 Be5 Bd,l BI4 65 Bc3 Drd*n
BOARD or chcss-board. a squarc board of 64
alternalely colonred snaller squares in eighl rows
of eieht. Al the beginning oI a game rhe hen are
ar.nged on lhe squares of the boardin thenannei
shown under ARRAY. The two playcs sil on
opposite sidesofthe boa.d. This is sei so lhal each
has a light-coloured comer square oD the nght
hand side, a onven(on dating irom nedieval
times and endosed by DAMTANo. Whitc\ quccn
sia sona lighisqua.e, Blackt onadarksquare,
the 'qu een on her colour' as beginners are told. II
theboardis plaedotheoise andthis isdiscovered
du.ing a game then the position reach€d mDsi be
reset on . corecdy plt@d board and the game
'rhe board uscd in asHripaDA, 8 x 8 squares,
was u*d in lbe earliesl foms oI chess. TIE Chinese
and (oreans place ften pieces on intersecrions, i.
effed a 10 x 9 boa.d. and rhe Japanese play on a
9 x 9 board i but in alnost every other country the
8 x 8 board rehained slandard throughoul rhe
enrunes. For a long rime the squares were nor
dilferentialed by colour. The chequered board
with its distinctile lieht and dark squares ras a
European innovation dadng lron at leasr lbe llth
centtrry. Chequcring may havebeen uselul lor the
counting boards of the No.mafl cxchcqueB- and is
cerminly helptul to Players olthe moder. gamc in
which linc-pieces (O, B) are noved diaeonauy.
BOARDGAMES, thc gcncral grouplowhich che$
belones. Such ganes have been played lor at leasl
,1,000 years but n is impossible to gues lron
illushalions a.d litelary refercnces how thc earlio
Camcs wcrc played. In,4 t/irtory of Board-8aft6
other thon ch*s (t952.) H. t . R MURMY ideniified
five categones: .lignment and conngumtion (e.g
derels), nunt (c.s. fox and eee*), race (e.g.
backsamnon), madcala, and war g.mes. He
subdivided this lasl ategory: baltle gamcs (c.g.
.hes), reftitory games (e.e. so), dcarancc eames
(e g, solitairc), aod blockadeganes. The study oI
che$ and other early g.nes is hanpered by tbe
terdency of uninJorned obseNes 10 describe as
'che$ an! board sane rhal looks difficult.
&. C. Bell, Boa l antl Table aduer (l{o !ols.,
1 0 9)t oll Board Gatu* (1971).
BOBO|SOV, MILKO GEORGIEV (1931 ), a
universny sporls lecturer and the tust Bulgari.n
plalei 10 becone a n ln ternalio nal Grandm asler, a
titl. hc gaincd in 1961. His bcsi lournamcnl
achievemeniswere at PCcs 1964when he caoe66l
(+6=9) equal with crpsl6 i BeleNijk 1965. a third
place (+5=10) dter GDT.LER and ponnscH. and
Moscos 1967, category 13. a second plac
(+3=14) equal h Gipslis, sMrslov, atrd ru
ailer sErN ahead ot pEmosyAN and spAssn. l.
1972. not longafterplayine in hhcighth Olympiad.
Bobolsov suffered a si.oke, and he subseque.tly
Wall paintins lrom an Esrrian tomb .20m B.
B
AC
Hnelalafl pices: A, B- td picccs lound d w.idnston, Lancashner c. bone piecc from woodpcdr,. oxlodshne