chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4NezBe7 15 i)LlNsr rh Nrd4 (brockode br r lflgiru lb Br7 1] OONba4 13Ratl h5(Eophylaxis) 19b6Nxd3 20*dl iwawt w wrz&', "Wlf.ffi '%'ffiw W*nffi w wdw IHW 'WH i v& w It I rs q{5 , Nr4 h4 2l Ral ae? 24 Rxic Blaa 5 !bL erl l7 NlJ3LrdS 23Bc5 Rcx 2gBxcTKier 30Qc3Rc6 3lQg5+Kfl 32 RclRx.1+ 33QxclRc3 31Qelh3 35gxh:l Rgs+ 36 Kl2 a4 :r7 Qb4 Rg6 13 Kf] a3 39 Qxal Rx66 '10 Qc5 Rc6 4r Oc? Kc7 42 Kl4 b6 43 h4 Rc6 44 QbS Re3 45 Kxr5 Rh6 46Qc7+ KJ3 4?Qd8bJ '13c6 Rhr 49(e5 b4 50 Qd6+ BIack rcsigns. BLOCKADE VARIATION. 22 in lhe BEroN' BI-OCKED CDNTRE. one in shich sone of the pawns io rhe.FNrkL zoNEdrc blockedqo rhat thev h:!e h e orno mub rt! lo breal rhr.ulhsuch c cnlre may be JrflrculL;r rmPo(q'hle, anJ arlr!k\ lik.lL h'he drccted tu*ird\oneorborh llanks. "rp Sce srdcrqon tor one kind of blocked centrel anothe.6ay arhe lron a double stoneaau lorna tion as in the lollowing game. Petov Gmn srh Olymprad. Bucnos anes 1939 Queen: Gambn Declined 1d4di 2NBBi5 3c4e6 4QblNc6 5Bd2Rhs 6e3 a6 I Bd3 Bxdl 3 Oi3 Nb4 9 Bxb4 Brb4+ l0 Nbd2 Nl6 llG000 12.5Bxd2 13N;d2c6 1414Nd? 15b4 BLUNDER 39 BLOCKED PAWN, a pawn that cannot be advanced beause it is obstructed by an eneny picce orpawn. NrMzowrrscE mote that a blocked paM has a lLsl to expand'. He obseFcd ihat a player oltcn advances such a pawn adlaniageo$ty shea the obstructing naf, is removed; thn hapPers because his opponent, lollowing a natural 1ende.- cy, has aranged hh piecesonlhe assumplio.that the pawn is rooled 10 ils post. and they becone misplaced when fte pawn is moved. BLOCI(-IIIRIAT. see BLoc(. BLUMENFELD COIINTER_GAMBrI, 170, an invenrion of lhe Rusia. masrer Beniamin Marko vich Blumenteld (188+1947) that was launchcd riumDhdntlv in maslerrhess by {LEMN! again{ r^elc r\ihrer at PE{r.anr Lq22 and was pla}ed a fes days ialer in the gane KostiaMar6czy, Westo.{uper-Mare 1922. BLUMENFELD VARTAIION, 169, a line that mipht lead to the MoDIRN E.NoNI or the lTl,siaddardPlaYi. the MEMN vARr^rbN tion the Sane Blunenfeld A. Rabinovich, Moscow chanpionship. 1924 5i 51?. a disqediled lariadon in thc s.orcE GAM! introduced by Blnmenfeld in 1904 BLUNDER, a bad move. usualy a decisive edori but shelher a dccisive enor is callcd a blunder JeDend!on hos ditfr.ullrtis rodere(, antl rhh mav dei'end upon lhe (rcneth of rhe PlaveK For example, in rhe game given under co-oPEernN Whnes 20tn move, although probably decisive, Nould hardly be called a blunder, eyen by experts ln thc following gane itom another World Cham_ pionship nalch the playeB qould consider tbat tbree consecutive blmdes wete made, bul rhey nighr nor be so called by lesscr platers. alelnin+Euwe l6rh march gan., 19:17 Calalan Opcn' Ld4Nr6 2c4e6 3g:ld5 4 Bg2dx.4 5Qa4+Nnd? 6 Nc3 c5 7NBa6 300Be7 9dxc5Brc5 t0Qxc.lb5 Oh,lBbT 1289500 l3R.d1Qc7 14RdOb6? 15b1 Bc7 16 Rfdl Bc6 17 Bc3 Qb7 13 Rxdr BrdT 19N35 Qh3 20tsxa3 QxaS 21 NxhT RcB , Ng5 Rc4 zrNce4 tucl+ :1Bxd Qd5 25 Nc3 Qct 16a4O.7 17 Rfcl Ra3 l3b5 Rlbll 19NI3.ib:20axb5 Qd3 21b5Rx!l 22Rxalh6 23Ra7(fl 21oe2g6 2i Nd2 Nf6 26Nb3Ke3::7Na5Q..q 28OrNd7 29 Qf2 Nf6 30 Qh4 Ng3 31 e4 Kfl l2 c5 h5 33 Qf2 KeB l4 Q.2 Ne? :r5 NxbT RxbT 36 RrbT Bhck resisrs. ll 16
,IO BOARD Thc blundcs now bogin On borh his 26rh and 27th noves wiite courd hale *on hy Qh3+ fonovcd hy a F^MrLy Bd6 .nk(, {hile tslack ould have played 26 picvcnling rhis.onbimlion. 26 Bb2? 8.6? 27 13? Bd6 23€3O15 29c,lQg6 30BNd7 ll Nh3l6 32NI4O1f 33 Qg4Ne5 34Qxe6NxB+ 35Kf2ore6 36Nrc6Nd2 37 :]q K.l Bh? ,m Nf5 Bc7 41 Bd4 Kfl 42 Br5 KE6 43 Bd6 Bda 44 Nd4 Bd5 45 h3 Bb6 468c5 Bc7 47Ne2Bc4 {Nr4+Kfl 49h1C5 50 h:g5t\95 51Nt3KI6 52 Nt2 KI5 5394+Ke6 54Nh3 Kf6 55 Bd4+ X36 56 Ke4 Bft 57 Nf2 Be2+ 53 K,l3 Bd5 sgNdtBB 60NtBl4 61Be3Bg3 62Kd4!b3 63 Kd3 Be5 Bd,l BI4 65 Bc3 Drd*n BOARD or chcss-board. a squarc board of 64 alternalely colonred snaller squares in eighl rows of eieht. Al the beginning oI a game rhe hen are ar.nged on lhe squares of the boardin thenannei shown under ARRAY. The two playcs sil on opposite sidesofthe boa.d. This is sei so lhal each has a light-coloured comer square oD the nght hand side, a onven(on dating irom nedieval times and endosed by DAMTANo. Whitc\ quccn sia sona lighisqua.e, Blackt onadarksquare, the 'qu een on her colour' as beginners are told. II theboardis plaedotheoise andthis isdiscovered du.ing a game then the position reach€d mDsi be reset on . corecdy plt@d board and the game 'rhe board uscd in asHripaDA, 8 x 8 squares, was u*d in lbe earliesl foms oI chess. TIE Chinese and (oreans place ften pieces on intersecrions, i. effed a 10 x 9 boa.d. and rhe Japanese play on a 9 x 9 board i but in alnost every other country the 8 x 8 board rehained slandard throughoul rhe enrunes. For a long rime the squares were nor dilferentialed by colour. The chequered board with its distinctile lieht and dark squares ras a European innovation dadng lron at leasr lbe llth centtrry. Chequcring may havebeen uselul lor the counting boards of the No.mafl cxchcqueB- and is cerminly helptul to Players olthe moder. gamc in which linc-pieces (O, B) are noved diaeonauy. BOARDGAMES, thc gcncral grouplowhich che$ belones. Such ganes have been played lor at leasl ,1,000 years but n is impossible to gues lron illushalions a.d litelary refercnces how thc earlio Camcs wcrc played. In,4 t/irtory of Board-8aft6 other thon ch*s (t952.) H. t . R MURMY ideniified five categones: .lignment and conngumtion (e.g derels), nunt (c.s. fox and eee*), race (e.g. backsamnon), madcala, and war g.mes. He subdivided this lasl ategory: baltle gamcs (c.g. .hes), reftitory games (e.e. so), dcarancc eames (e g, solitairc), aod blockadeganes. The study oI che$ and other early g.nes is hanpered by tbe terdency of uninJorned obseNes 10 describe as 'che$ an! board sane rhal looks difficult. &. C. Bell, Boa l antl Table aduer (l{o !ols., 1 0 9)t oll Board Gatu* (1971). BOBO|SOV, MILKO GEORGIEV (1931 ), a universny sporls lecturer and the tust Bulgari.n plalei 10 becone a n ln ternalio nal Grandm asler, a titl. hc gaincd in 1961. His bcsi lournamcnl achievemeniswere at PCcs 1964when he caoe66l (+6=9) equal with crpsl6 i BeleNijk 1965. a third place (+5=10) dter GDT.LER and ponnscH. and Moscos 1967, category 13. a second plac (+3=14) equal h Gipslis, sMrslov, atrd ru ailer sErN ahead ot pEmosyAN and spAssn. l. 1972. not longafterplayine in hhcighth Olympiad. Bobolsov suffered a si.oke, and he subseque.tly Wall paintins lrom an Esrrian tomb .20m B. B AC Hnelalafl pices: A, B- td picccs lound d w.idnston, Lancashner c. bone piecc from woodpcdr,. oxlodshne
- Page 2 and 3: The game of ches exerts a fascinati
- Page 4 and 5: THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
- Page 6 and 7: PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
- Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
- Page 10 and 11: ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
- Page 12 and 13: 16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
- Page 14 and 15: game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
- Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
- Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
- Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
- Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
- Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
- Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
- Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
- Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
- Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
- Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
- Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
- Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
- Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
- Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
- Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
- Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
- Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
- Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
- Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
- Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
- Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
- Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
- Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
- Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
- Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
- Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
- Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
- Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
- Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
- Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
- Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
- Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
- Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
- Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
- Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
- Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
- Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
- Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
- Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
- Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4NezBe7 15<br />
i)LlNsr rh Nrd4 (brockode br r lflgiru lb Br7 1]<br />
OONba4 13Ratl h5(Eophylaxis) 19b6Nxd3 20*dl<br />
iwawt<br />
w wrz&',<br />
"Wlf.ffi<br />
'%'ffiw<br />
W*nffi<br />
w wdw<br />
IHW 'WH<br />
i<br />
v&<br />
w<br />
It<br />
I rs q{5 , Nr4 h4 2l Ral ae? 24 Rxic Blaa 5<br />
!bL erl l7 NlJ3LrdS<br />
23Bc5 Rcx 2gBxcTKier 30Qc3Rc6 3lQg5+Kfl 32<br />
RclRx.1+ 33QxclRc3 31Qelh3 35gxh:l Rgs+ 36<br />
Kl2 a4 :r7 Qb4 Rg6 13 Kf] a3 39 Qxal Rx66 '10 Qc5<br />
Rc6 4r Oc? Kc7 42 Kl4 b6 43 h4 Rc6 44 QbS Re3 45<br />
Kxr5 Rh6 46Qc7+ KJ3 4?Qd8bJ '13c6 Rhr 49(e5<br />
b4 50 Qd6+ BIack rcsigns.<br />
BLOCKADE VARIATION. 22 in lhe BEroN'<br />
BI-OCKED CDNTRE. one in shich sone of the<br />
pawns io rhe.FNrkL zoNEdrc blockedqo rhat thev<br />
h:!e h e orno mub rt! lo breal rhr.ulhsuch c<br />
cnlre may be JrflrculL;r rmPo(q'hle, anJ arlr!k\<br />
lik.lL h'he drccted tu*ird\oneorborh llanks.<br />
"rp<br />
Sce srdcrqon <strong>to</strong>r one kind of blocked centrel<br />
anothe.6ay arhe lron a double s<strong>to</strong>neaau lorna<br />
tion as in the lollowing game.<br />
Pe<strong>to</strong>v Gmn srh Olymprad. Bucnos anes 1939<br />
Queen: Gambn Declined<br />
1d4di 2NBBi5 3c4e6 4QblNc6 5Bd2Rhs 6e3<br />
a6 I Bd3 Bxdl 3 Oi3 Nb4 9 Bxb4 Brb4+ l0 Nbd2<br />
Nl6 llG000 12.5Bxd2 13N;d2c6 1414Nd? 15b4<br />
BLUNDER 39<br />
BLOCKED PAWN, a pawn that cannot be<br />
advanced beause it is obstructed <strong>by</strong> an eneny<br />
picce orpawn. NrMzowrrscE mote that a blocked<br />
paM has a lLsl <strong>to</strong> expand'. He obseFcd ihat a<br />
player oltcn advances such a pawn adlaniageo$ty<br />
shea the obstructing naf, is removed; thn hapPers<br />
because his opponent, lollowing a natural 1ende.-<br />
cy, has aranged hh piecesonlhe assumplio.that<br />
the pawn is rooled 10 ils post. and they becone<br />
misplaced when fte pawn is moved.<br />
BLOCI(-IIIRIAT. see BLoc(.<br />
BLUMENFELD COIINTER_GAMBrI, 170, an<br />
invenrion of lhe Rusia. masrer Beniamin Marko<br />
vich Blumenteld (188+1947) that was launchcd<br />
riumDhdntlv in maslerrhess <strong>by</strong> {LEMN! again{<br />
r^elc r\ihrer at PE{r.anr Lq22 and was pla}ed<br />
a fes days ialer in the gane KostiaMar6czy,<br />
Wes<strong>to</strong>.{uper-Mare 1922.<br />
BLUMENFELD VARTAIION, 169, a line that<br />
mipht lead <strong>to</strong> the MoDIRN E.NoNI or the<br />
lTl,siaddardPlaYi.<br />
the MEMN vARr^rbN tion the Sane Blunenfeld<br />
A. Rabinovich, Moscow chanpionship. 1924 5i<br />
51?. a disqediled lariadon in thc s.orcE GAM!<br />
introduced <strong>by</strong> Blnmenfeld in 1904<br />
BLUNDER, a bad move. usualy a decisive edori<br />
but shelher a dccisive enor is callcd a blunder<br />
JeDend!on hos ditfr.ullrtis rodere(, antl rhh mav<br />
dei'end upon lhe (rcneth of rhe PlaveK For<br />
ex<strong>amp</strong>le, in rhe game given under co-oPEernN<br />
Whnes 20tn move, although probably decisive,<br />
Nould hardly be called a blunder, eyen <strong>by</strong> experts<br />
ln thc following gane i<strong>to</strong>m another World Cham_<br />
pionship nalch the playeB qould consider tbat<br />
tbree consecutive blmdes wete made, bul rhey<br />
nighr nor be so called <strong>by</strong> lesscr platers.<br />
alelnin+Euwe l6rh march gan., 19:17 Calalan Opcn'<br />
Ld4Nr6 2c4e6 3g:ld5 4 Bg2dx.4 5Qa4+Nnd? 6<br />
Nc3 c5 7NBa6 300Be7 9dxc5Brc5 t0Qxc.lb5<br />
Oh,lBbT 1289500 l3R.d1Qc7 14RdOb6? 15b1<br />
Bc7 16 Rfdl Bc6 17 Bc3 Qb7 13 Rxdr BrdT 19N35<br />
Qh3 20tsxa3 QxaS 21 NxhT RcB , Ng5 Rc4 zrNce4<br />
tucl+ :1Bxd Qd5 25 Nc3 Qct<br />
16a4O.7 17 Rfcl Ra3 l3b5 Rlbll 19NI3.ib:20axb5<br />
Qd3 21b5Rx!l 22Rxalh6 23Ra7(fl 21oe2g6 2i<br />
Nd2 Nf6 26Nb3Ke3::7Na5Q..q 28OrNd7 29 Qf2<br />
Nf6 30 Qh4 Ng3 31 e4 Kfl l2 c5 h5 33 Qf2 KeB l4<br />
Q.2 Ne? :r5 NxbT RxbT 36 RrbT Bhck resisrs. ll 16
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