chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
he playcd. and relreshing himself rnh Nhisky. (Blackburne contesscd, nowever. lhal when tully absorbed in a game he never noticed wheiher he was drinking warer instead.) Once. walkins round the boards, be drained his oppone.as glass- saying whcfl rebuked He left it .n PriJc and I look it z" r'dsd".. He played his blindlold displays quickly, and with lirlle sign of ihe srress that beseis most blindiold playcr. Probably lhc lcading blindlold €rDertor his time, h< !hrlleneed Zukerlorl, a clo\c n\dl in rhisfel!, ro c naL.h of teD Eame\. nlayed simultaneously, borh playe6 blindfold; but Zuker ion declined Manv who knew and liked Blact bume subsribed tia rund which sustained him in his lasi yea6. (see MysrER,ous RooK MovE; PUo P A Ganam- Mr Blackbume s Gan$ at Ches (1899) mnrains 10? sames annotatcd by Black bu.ne and 28 thrce-movers comPo*d by him A reprint, st/cd ala./.6"r,e'r cn€sr Gau.s (1979). bas a ncs iniroduclion and two more gamcs Blackhume Lips.htk NewYol[13ag Queen\Gambir Dedined, fiIsbury variaiion rd4d5 2c4e6 3N.3NI6 4Nflb6 5Bg5Bc7 6e3 Bb7 7RclNbd7 3dd5.id5 98d30.0 100INe4 11 Br'1c5 12Oc215 llRfdlc4 14Bxc4rre4 l5NeiNI6 to!4Ql3 lTQrlBtlo $hrPd3 l!Oc2bi 20Nclh.l 2lNe2B l )l Nd] RdF/ - 85"R15 26 Khl a5 27 Rgl Bc3 23 Qgr Oa4 29 b3 cxb3? 30 a$l QxD3 3l Rc7 a4 l2 36 h6 33 RxeT+ ](x37 :r1Nh5+ Rxh5 35 Oc7+ KI6 36Qd6+ Black Esisls, lor White d cs in .hrcc. sl,AcI
36 BLEDOW BLEDOW, LUDWIG ERDMAN (1795-1846), German professor of mathematics who was pro, bably the stongest Berlh pia,rrer around 1840. He was fou.der of the prEADEs. and the driving Iore behind the Berlinor SchachAesellschaft. thc chess sociely ot which he became president in 1836. At a time shen Paris a.d London were rhe chess cenlres of Europe, and when the.e werc no ouBlanding playen in Geimany, the Schacheeselhchalt set ilselt ihe task oi raising the standard ol chess in Gernany and, d a meanstothisend, ofp.oducing a comPrehensve lextbook and lounding a chess maguine, ains which were successfully achieved: While Bilguer N610 edn tbe tuNDDU.Hi Bledow *as to produce lbe maguine: he lived just loDg enough to see lhe 6.sr number ot tbe Bonlhly S.ha.hzeitung. Bledow playcd a feq natches, notably delealing rAENrs.E in 1842. His large colledion of chess books becane part of the Royal Library in Berlin. (See pERroDrcALs.) BLEDOW VARIATION, 568, sonelines called counter gambit, a standard defence to the Brssop-s {;AMBI, known from a gamc Bilgucr-Bledos. Berlin, 1840. Tlre vanadon is sometimes .amed afler MoRlsy, vho probably gleaned his inlorna tion iiom ihc fi6t cdition oI Bilguer's EANDBICS- 1843. BLIND, CHESS FOR TIIE! is playedwith special equipment.ln rhe Eri,irl Cl.rs Ma1azine.18 9,n coiespondenl suggcsted that boards and chesnensbouldbemadespeciauyloriheblinij.Areply flon William Wood stated that he had made such apparatus sincc 1848i his desi8n, slightly modifi cd. has since become bctlcrknoNn. Each blind playe. ha his o*n board, the black squares rined. and with a holc io the centre ofevery squarc. The nen have pegs on thc underside wbich plug inlo thc holes. The while nen havepointed tops, rheblack menrounded toF. Plarer call outtheirnovesand .ecordthcm in brailleoron a sound rccorder. Foi play betseen blind and sighted players th€rc is a rrDr suppletuent ro the laws ofcnes, with especial referencc to the roucB MovE LAw. A blidd player constanlly nnge$ ^ND the chesmen on his board, and is deemcd to have touched a manonly wncn hehasremoveditf.omitssockel. Hnmove is .onrplctcd shen rhe man n secu.cd in ils new' socket and his molr has been called outionly the. is tbe opponent\ clock slarted. Exceptionally. some blind players play blindfold , nenher using special cquipnent nor louching the normat board Ihere hi!e been many {rnng hlndpLayeA a# one ot rhrm, ReEinrld Walrer B.nham f1aOF84 r. four tines a British Chanpionship .ontender, lbmed lhe Inlenational Braille Cbess Asociation in 19il Alili.ted to FIDE in 1964_ rhe IBCAhas si.ce o.ganizcd vorld chanpionships, worlil cor resPondence championsbips, and Olympiads lor blind plnyers. The nosi lamous btind problemnt BasA. F. GcruNzE In1902hesaid: lhavelately cone 10 fiink that problem omposiiion is pccu- Iiarly a mental work. and that employment of board and nen is in many says a nunance. It cramps the im einative faculties. Ccrtainly the three sovers I haveconposed since I lost mysight arc infinitely superior, as a whole. to thos€ BLINDFOLD CIIESS, chess played without sight oflhe board. rhis is nol dilficult lor a shongplaler bul othe6 find it astonishing, pcrhaps uncanny Sone nasteB have specialized in playing many such gamessioultaneo6ly. When asked to explain how thh is done thev have givcn varied and connicdng answers. Few.lained io see the board as a kind of phorogr phinrhenind, butnodoubt all posse$ed good powes ol lisualizatiod. The seni.e oI chess does not profl by it. Hc Nho plavs well sithoui seeing the boardwill play even betler ithe does look at it. Therefore these displays are n.rcly shoss to dazde rhepublic pErRoFF. They sere also a soura ol in.om. ro needyprolession als. especially in the period 1860-1940. Blindfold play is sresslul and sone exponenis 6nd that imagcry of board and nen persists in their minds alteradisplay The Soviet aurhorities, not alone in believins ihat mental health could be endansered by biindfold displays, ban.ed them irom 1930. Ncally as old as the gane nse[, blindlold play waso.iginallv as thc name implies:a playeas eyes were covered and he felt lhechessmcn. The grcal Negro ptayer mdn was one oI the frBt to rurn his back o.lhc board. noN the usualpiaclice. All the greatmasteBofsHdrRANr wcrc ablc to play ar leasl one game blindfold. TIe earliesl known display in Europe was by a saraen named Buecca (som+ tines Bucbecha orBorz.ga) wbo visited Florence in 1266 and playcd lhrce slmes sinllt.deously. one over-lhe-board and two unscen The last aicounts oilhe old gane playedrhh Nay arc given by Sukaikir in the middle olthe 16th century. Hc sas a O.eek profc$ional YusulChelebi who had roured India and the Near East plaving blindiold by louch, and he had heird of a playe. Nho could managc tcn boards, sinning all of tbem and coreding hh adlcrsaries lalse noves. Tbe Ianous l6tb-centnry playcrs oI modern cbe* such as LopEz, Bor-cERoN. and s^Lvo were skillcdinlhis lormol.hcss An ft alianprieslGiovanniGi.olamo Saccbe (1667-1733)was{tll knosoiorhisskiuat playing rhree games witbour siebt of the board an{j calling back all lhe nores afterwards. In spite of th( continuous record oi blindlold play pflrlDoRt display against two oppodenrs al Paris in 174,1was thought to be an unprcccdcntcd achicvcmcnr. Ar Berlin id 1750 he played th.ee games aton.c and latcrin hislile g!!enanythree gane exhibitions in London.'Ihcsc made such an impression ihrl be las tbougbt to be rhc.rcaror oI thh kind oI play. La6be\ ,qn bty of Chds \1161) should havc dispcllcd that illusion. Since then nany naste6 have bee. Nilling to plir blindlold,
- Page 2 and 3: The game of ches exerts a fascinati
- Page 4 and 5: THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
- Page 6 and 7: PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
- Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
- Page 10 and 11: ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
- Page 12 and 13: 16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
- Page 14 and 15: game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
- Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
- Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
- Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
- Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
- Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
- Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
- Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
- Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
- Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
- Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
- Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
- Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
- Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
- Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
- Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
- Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
- Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
- Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
- Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
- Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
- Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
- Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
- Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
- Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
- Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
- Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
- Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
- Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
- Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
- Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
- Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
- Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
- Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
- Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
- Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
- Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
- Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
- Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
he playcd. and relreshing himself rnh Nhisky.<br />
(Blackburne contesscd, nowever. lhal when tully<br />
absorbed in a game he never noticed wheiher he<br />
was drinking warer instead.) Once. walkins round<br />
the boards, be drained his oppone.as glass- saying<br />
whcfl rebuked He left it .n PriJc and I look it z"<br />
r'dsd".. He played his blindlold displays quickly,<br />
and with lirlle sign of ihe srress that beseis most<br />
blindiold playcr. Probably lhc lcading blindlold<br />
€rDer<strong>to</strong>r his time, h< !hrlleneed Zukerlorl, a clo\c<br />
n\dl in rhisfel!, ro c naL.h of teD Eame\. nlayed<br />
simultaneously, borh playe6 blindfold; but Zuker<br />
ion declined Manv who knew and liked Blact<br />
bume subsribed tia rund which sustained him in<br />
his lasi yea6. (see MysrER,ous RooK MovE; PUo<br />
P A Ganam- Mr Blackbume s Gan$ at Ches<br />
(1899) mnrains 10? sames annotatcd <strong>by</strong> Black<br />
bu.ne and 28 thrce-movers comPo*d <strong>by</strong> him A<br />
reprint, st/cd ala./.6"r,e'r cn€sr Gau.s (1979).<br />
bas a ncs iniroduclion and two more gamcs<br />
Blackhume Lips.htk NewYol[13ag Queen\Gambir<br />
Dedined, fiIsbury variaiion<br />
rd4d5 2c4e6 3N.3NI6 4Nflb6 5Bg5Bc7 6e3<br />
Bb7 7RclNbd7 3dd5.id5 98d30.0 100INe4 11<br />
Br'1c5 12Oc215 llRfdlc4 14Bxc4rre4 l5NeiNI6<br />
<strong>to</strong>!4Ql3 lTQrlBtlo $hrPd3 l!Oc2bi 20Nclh.l<br />
2lNe2B l )l Nd] RdF/<br />
- 85"R15 26 Khl a5 27 Rgl Bc3 23 Qgr Oa4<br />
29 b3 cxb3? 30 a$l QxD3 3l Rc7 a4 l2 36 h6 33<br />
RxeT+ ](x37 :r1Nh5+ Rxh5 35 Oc7+ KI6 36Qd6+<br />
Black Esisls, lor White d cs in .hrcc.<br />
sl,AcI
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