chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

386 ZINNOWITZVARIATION
A nadcap zigzag by RDIM lhat aoo secood prize in
the le.rr.ra., tourney, lqj3. White moves lirn
and lorces Black ro give checlmare. Thc key. I
Rc4. leads to ibree echo rariatio.s.
1 . . R\b5 2 Rc4 Nxe4 3 a3 4 Qc3 Nxc3
1 . . N{c.1& Nxe3 2 Rb4 Rxb,l+ 3 Ka3 4
1...Nxb5 2Ka5 3a4 4Oa3Nxa3&Nxc4.
Aier . . . Nxc4 in this last va.ialion Black was
unable ro conrnruc capturins (. . . Nxe3)i some
iudges wonld.onsider this a blenish.
ZINNOWITZ VARIATION, 20,1 in the Krlc s
rNDr^N DEEEN.E, used by MALT.H at the zinno*ilz
ZNOSXO.BOROVSKY. ET]CENE ALEXAN
DRoVICH 088L1954), Russian born pro
lessional player, nrusic and dramacritic. Hc made
hh chess d€but by winnins a local louroamentat St
Petersburg 1902 3. Ilclween then and 1914 he
began his sriline career. editing sone leading
R!$ian ches colunns. and phycd in tnrcc
internarional tou.nadenlsi hc also played in lour
All Russia (national championship) toumanenrs
and inoneof them, t-6di 1907 {,sharedthirdprizc
NNh SALNE atleT RUBINSDIN and AI-ATIN, AIIeT
seuling in Paris around 1920 Znosko-Borovsky
playcd in rvo major events (London 1922 and
Budapest 1926) and in nany ninor c,cnts, maioly
in Fr.nce and England. notablyNinning ahead oI
raRrA(owrR and LrLrLNlt^L al Paris 1930. Be
tseen the rwo World Wars he *rore several hooksl
they are largely outnoded but then suitability for
club players ol thlt tnnc and the fluent (yle ol his
wriring madc the books borh popular and Fro
firable. and they were published in scvcral languages.
A nan ol principlc and a sPorling
opponenr, he bccamc widely known and liked.
ZOLLNER GAMBIT, 2?9. an enrerpnsing attick
againsl $e DMcoN vARAroN ol the srctr.rAN
DEFENC. anaiysed in thc cany 1940s by Hans
ZollDer Nho died toNards lhe end oI the Second
World War while seNing in lhe Ge.nan Amt.
ZONAI IOITRNAMENT, lhe preliminary qual
ilyine event fo. lhe world chanpionship. FIDE
dilides the world inlo geograpnical zoncs and
nany zoDalsr arc hcld concurently to delermine
$ho should play in the rNrERz
The srenglh ot zonal burnlments varies considerably.
From a wcak zonc only lhe winoer
qould qualify. Ooe ofthe slrongest such touma
menls was a caleeory 15 2onal in the ussR 1964
{on by spAss( ahead of BRoNsrErN. srrrN.
(no,.{rovj rcRcnNor, suErNi and GuLLR.
ZUGZWANC, a Ceman Nord .ow anglicizcd lor
a position in which each player would obtain a
worse result il il were his lum to nole than ifil
xere not (some authondes call this a ieciprocal
zugzwang.) All chess posilioos may beclassifed in
onc of thrcc groups a.cording to thei. time
charactedstics. There a.e those, the great nijor
ny, in vhich borh playere sould like 10 have the
molei sou.Ez.s. Nhcn neithcr player ilants io
have rhe nrove bul one piayer can lose the nole
thereby gainilg advant.ge: and zugzNangs wheo
nenher player wan h 10 have rhc movc but ncithcr
%'&
w
,&
w
ww
"tg*,
%w.
w
%.
Thh position is . zugzsang. Whjte lo play di.Ns
because he nust losc his pa*n or gile stalematel
Blact to play loses because rhe pawn can then be
promotcd. This exanple shows thc cha.acterislid
of all zuezwangs: tbe resultcacb playerobtains iiil
vere his tuin ro play is wo$e lhan ilit were nol.
nenher playcr can lose lhe nove, and.cilbercan
nakc rhrears. Apliyercanoiten Dse a zugean8 to
hn rd\anraEC rt he rcr it corrinE The po\irion
qh(e (rng at d5 wh cpdrnarcb,blackktnAatcT
h draNn. Black to play puls Whitc in zugzwaog I
. . . Kcs (l . . KdS sould losc) 2 Kd6 Kd8 and this
zug angwillprobablyleadtolhezuSzwangoltnc
diagiad, e,g. 3 c7+ Kc8. The same reslh soutd
tollow iI Whire sere loplayRrst. c.g.1K.5 Kcs 2
zugzwangs occur only in lhe end8ane, 6osl
-frequedlly in pawn cndings, occasionally in endings
vith knights. and rarely in endgamcs wilh
linc-picces. The nunber ol possiblc zugzwangs is
nnire. For exanple, thcrc are only lour basic kinds
in lhe ending K+P v. K. Many zugzvangs arc
pubtished in books and a player nccds to know
rhem. lor he would find some of lhem diffrcuh to
discovei for himsclf. For example, the position
white Kll. Oc6, BlackKd4.Rt4.If2isazugzsang
that lcw masteB would recognizc unless lhey had
advance knowledee. Black to play loses ( 1 . . . RB
2Q84+ Ke3 3 Oc4 Rr4 4Qd5RB sOe5+)but
White to play can onty diaw, e.g. I Od6+ Ke/l 2
oe6+ Kl3 3 Qe2+ Kg3 4 Ons Rg4 5 Qe5+
Rf,l 6Qg5+ Kh3 and White is again in zuezwang,
lsee opRrsroN and coNrucaE sauARrslorsome
cxamples in Rhich one sidc may be held in
zuezw nglorselcral movesoreveninPerPeluity.)
A conposer. dcs.ribing a p.oblem position in
which white makes no rhreats (using this word ii
ils problem sensel, nay cal i1a zugzNang. To a
phyer n is nothing ol the sor1, and to aroid
confusion n should be callcd a BLo.K.