chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious nern: 332 l. lh. Rrsnop's orENrNrJ. introduced by ,tDoNN.Lr in hh 2.1th match gane agrinst uouRDoNN^s. 1834. WIN(] CAIIIBIT DF,FFjRREI).259 in thc srcrLr^N DTFENC!. Introduced hy (rREs nr ihe 1930s, played succesidly by him againsr ErrstusEs al semner ing-Badcn 1917. this spcculalile pasn sacilice h harder to meet tban lhe old.rloirn olthe eanrbit. 231. 15 Rxd4 Qh6 25 Ra4 aj Rg4 Rbe8 30 Rf,g7 OxsT 3l tsrg7+ K{g7 32 Og4+ Kh3 l3gif]Bd3+ 34Kc1Bf5 35Qh4Rc2 36Rd4 Bd3 37Qg3Rrc3 33Rd2Re]+ r9Rdl Rle2 10Rgl 42 Kd2 ReB 43 Qxd6 a4 ,14 b4 axb3 45 rxbS Bla.k icsigns. WINA14'ER ATIACK. 438. SPANIS! oPTNIN(i variation played twice by wNAw.R aganNl zuLnoltmalchlorlirsiprize, Pans 1878. 'oRrintheplay W.NAWF,R .OTJNTER.GAMBIT. 36 in the oUEN ScAMBrDeclincd, introduced by ivtN^wER againsl MARS AT-r-i Monte carlo 1901. WNAWIR VARTATION, 628. one ol rhe mosl popular lines in thc FREN.H DEFENCE. White must do something aboui hisihreatened e paqn. and he usually advances it to e5. This leadsto ahlockade in whichWhne haschances on the kirg\ side aDd will gain rhe lNo bhhops should Biack play . . . Bxc3, whilc Black has munter plal on rhe queeni Blacks thnd no!e, playcd taice by rcLrscH a8rinst L. pAUr-s.N in ihen natch oI 186i. was analyscd in detail by HiBchbach in Schadz?nunk, 186?, and later by ALAprN. T|c namc may havc originared lron wrNArvrR's havlne played the move three lines al thc London lournanent 1883 For a long time lhe lanation was considered inferior lor Blac\. Revived in lhe l9l0s, nainlyon 2c.ounr ol the inlluencc of NrMzowrscH. {hose n,me it somctimes beas. the Winawer Vanation at last became popular. BonrNNr(. tor exinple, played this defence throughout his lone carcq. (See ALEUNDIR|Eo iNNr(: DyRNEj R: flNri G!L- WINDMILL, see sEE sArv WING ATTACK, 168. souDd vanatior Ior While in the sPANrsr oPENrNc. WING BLUMDMELD,68r. variation in the REx opENrNc sonctimcs.alled tbe Reversed Benoni. WING GAMBIT, 231 in thc snr r{N D.FEN{]E, given by cREco and lavoured by DRD and M^R' WINC VARIAllON. 353 in lhe SPAMSI oP.NtNC. so callcd because oilhe re,rotc placing oIBlack's queen s L.night- althoueb nrosr iNing'names ielate to p.Nn nrovcs. Known since thc llJEos. thh line was rcvived in the 1950s and called the Fum.n Taimanov Variadon. ln replyWhne should casdc. Ior the sacrilicc 6 Bxfl+ is nol s.und wrN IHEEXCHANCIj, to ganr a rook lor a mnror WISKER, JOHN (18,1G841. English Dl!y.r, iouF nalisl Altcr nroving lron Yorkshircto Londoo in 1866 Wisker inproled rapidly, so rhat in the early 1870s h€ could be.anked anong the vorld s best ten and second only 10 BLACTURNE anong E.- glish born playe6.In 18?0wisterson ihc Brithh Chanrpionship ahead ot Bla.kburne (he holde4 aiera play o1laCainsluuRN, andin 1872 he ag.i. wod rhe tirlc aitcr a playoff against Dt vrR. (winncr oI the nBt Bntish ChanrDionship) By $inning Nice in succession Wisker retained the lrophy and the contcsts ceased udlil 1901 (shc! NAnrR son). Asainst tqo ol his contcmporaries Whker played six natchcs: urRDnr l8?3 (+6=1 6 and +4=3 7) and again in 1874 (+10=3 8 and +l=l-s)i and MkDoNNlLr in 1873 (=1-3) and l8?5 (+7:4 4). Disolenng that hc had tubercu' losis, Wisker edigrared to Australia in ihe aulunn o11876, hoping to imtrove his health. In England he edned excellenr chcss colnnns in the t,ormE Tid.t ^nd Ld,tul ahd lvater, and Nas co ediror ol rhc Ch6s Plat \ Chtunnleltom 18?2 to 1876: in Aunralia he edired a chc$ column in the Aurrald Wil'l'E(, ALEXANDER (1852 94). Austdan plaler, ircbitect. wittck\ lonmanenl career al master lcvcl la(ed irom 1880 ro 1882. He camc eqralnfthatBerlin 1881 (won hyuIA.xnuRNr) and ninth il lhe 8rea1 vienna toumament oi 1882, a double roundcvcnt of 18 playersinciudidg 8olthe best I inthewortd: bewononeganre aganNcacn oI the wlnners srFrMrz and wrNAwLR Wittek played in onc more ronrnanent later tha! year and thcn vithdreN f.om serious Play becausc ii intcF fered too much rvilh his proressional work. WOLr, HEINIiICH 08?5 1943), Austian who played in 17 strong tonrnamenls in rwo penods: 1900 to 1908 and Apr. 1922 to July 1923. Usually nnishinesomervherebeNeen 6fth andtcnth tiace.
380 WOMAN GRANDNtrASTER he bad lhree nolable results: Vienn. 1902 fird equal wilh r^\ows( ahead ol scn,.EcsrER and MAR6czY: Viema 1905. second after Schlcchteri and Vienna I922- one ol the year's strongest th.ee evenrs, tbird (+7=5-2) aftcr RUBTNSEN and TARIAKOWER abead of^[KdI4E and RoGoIJUBow. bolh ot whom be defeated. Afte. playing at Miihrisch Osrau in 1923 WolI rctired iron toplerel play. Hc s6 killed by rhe Nans. wolr Bogoljuhos vicnna 1922 r'Jckline Defence, t e4 Nl6 2 e5 Ndi 3 c4 Nb6 4 d4 d6 5 14 dxc5 6 qc5 N.6 7Bc3BI5 3Nc3e6 9tse2N61 l0Rcl.s 1lNfl cxd4 lrlNxdl8g6 13 a3Na6 14Ndb5Nd? 15 Nd6+ Bxd6 16exd6Qf6 17 b4 0 0 13 c5 Nab3 r9 Bf3 Nc6 20 rl0 Oh4 21 93 Od3 22 55 Na5 23 .6 Ne5 24 Oal Nac4 15 qb7 Rb3 26 BxaT Nd2 27 tsg2Nxll 28 l.xll Oxd6 29 Rdl Nd3 30 Ne.l Bxe4 3l Bx.1Qc5 32 Bxb3Qc5+ l3Kg2Ql2+:l4Kh1Nb2 l5abar5 r6Ba7Qxa7 r7b6OM r3Rd Rd8 lsQib2 trc4 40 R.? Rd1+ 11 &2 OI3 42 h3=O !la.k XESEEVSO, ANd EU!E, FIDE chanpions are expected to neer achallengerevery thrcc ycaBl if the chanpion draws lhe matcn he retai.s tbe ritle, ifhe loses he is enlitled ro a replat . year Iarer. He is spared thc ordeal .l the challcngcrwho may have to 6ghilhrongh a zonal inierzonal lournament, and a Candid,te\ mnre{: if he is t. relrin the title f.r nore than a year nc must dcfcat his prcdcccssor tsice. Under these privileged rcnditions Botvinnik remained champion until 1963 exept ior iwo one-year penods *hen sdyslo! and rAL held drc tnle. ln 1963 the rctnrn mat.h condilion was waivcd: pErRosyAN became chanpion. Iollowed by
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The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
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DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
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The objecr, morc often than no1, n
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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
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DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
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nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
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entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
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EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
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A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
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chess ser and sood became deeply ab
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Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
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seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
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Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
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FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
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GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
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trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
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cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
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GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
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2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
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Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
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conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
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HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
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KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
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FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
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LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
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MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
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N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
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was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
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ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
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twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
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publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
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E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
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Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
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The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
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(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
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PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
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Q, the English languagc symbol for
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RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
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RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
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RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
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A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
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stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
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naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
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Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
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...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
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s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
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In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
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SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
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Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
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anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
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sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
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SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
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SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
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SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
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the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
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i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
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Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
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man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
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SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
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A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
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S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
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about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339: 1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341: oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343: STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345: striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347: clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349: yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351: TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353: Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355: % 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357: A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359: A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361: correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363: TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365: .I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367: sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369: the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371: showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373: TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375: TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377: UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379: VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381: 2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383: Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385: AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387: uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 390 and 391: worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393: YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395: in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397: Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399: APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401: lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403: thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405: l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407: lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409: lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411: Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413: lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415: APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417: Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418: 0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld