chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.15 confined the advcrsary's .,meandaslateas1939tsNEwrotethatdefe.cesoi ;he Benoni lypc 1eft Black vitb a hopelessly cramped gamc'i but since the 1950s such detenccs have been videly accepted. The nosl popular oI rbese liDos is the MoDDRN BENoNI (135) The nane cones f.on ,., Oni odq die Ver theidiqu get geBen die GonbitziiEe i S.ho.h by A. Rerosanum, pubLshed in 1825 Ben Oni is Hrh..s l.r'.h'lil or mv $rrow [hen he qas deprrqsed ReinEaoum r;rned ro ht\ Lhcss_bodrd, Jnd thc bouk $os rhe resulr of htr analyss. Hc looked at delenccs against gambits, mxinly tlre .N. s cAmr. in sone cascs as far as novc 29 He was rhe lirl to eramine I d4 c5, and gave tbe lollowrns hnes, noncof$hr(h he lalledBeo Oni 2 .I.r.l1 lord4 NLn 4Odl f5:.2 d\c5 e5 lb4d5 4 Bb2 r6i a;d 2 d5 t5. (Sce r Nov; snom c^ME.) BDRCER, JOHANN NEPOMUK (I81!1933), accomplishedallrounder. In18?0heronftenst rournanent (other than club events)in fhe Austro- Hungarian Empirei this Nas held at Gre. bis home 1own, during a coogress lo lorn an Austdan chess fedcralio.. From 1881to 1908 he enteredinlerna_ tional toumanents intermittenlly, sweari.g after each one that he would nol enter anothcr. Hisben achievemenl s6 at Frankflrt 1887, a 6ilh place shared wilh r{Mscs. three points behind lhe winner G. H. MAcENzrE. A kee. correspon dcnce player, Berger son the Mo,le //lasr/, roumanenr, 1889-92, wilh a renaikablc score, +45=3. From his yourh, when he submitted tNo problems for rhe London 1862 .omposine tourney, he maint.ined a lifclonginterestin theproblem art. A leading composer ol the Old Ccrman school, he disliked xoHrz and (oc(EL(oxN's Pioposcd .hanses. (see pRoB, EM HBroRt.) Thesc he opposed in the p ges ol the Deutsche Schach :e.!!r* ofwhich he was co edilorlrom 1898io 1907 (with LrpKL in 1898 andthen Nith s.HLEcsER) and sole editor lron 19tr8 ro 1911. Ber8erProposcd an scoRrNc M ts r HoD alnost identical to that ^urLL{RY mooled by Sonnebom, apparently unaware ol the Besides all thesc activities Berger was a keen sludent of the endgane, and it was in this department oI rhe game that he nade hn nost importani conhibution. For niny yea( his Theorie und Prcxk dd Endspide (1890), relisedin 1922, was the best textbool o. thh subjed. He livcd all hn lile in Gfuz sherc hewasdirectorollhe connercial school. Shorlly belore his deltn hc Nas m.de a Privy Councillor. BF,RGDR VARIATION. one oi t*o unrelltcd vanadonsinlhcspANisHorENtNG: 373, a.alysedby BERGER in thc Dcu,s.r. s.'i4.hzeitm8. 1910. aad inrroduced to masterplay in lhe Cane Leonhardl- Koh ein, Hamhurg 1910: 429, a 6ove thlt has liule independcnt value because Whitc would usuallycontinue 6 d4transposingto knoan linesof thE SIIINIIZ DETENCE- 422, BERG VARTAIION. 219, in the ouEEN s INoTAN DEENCE. The Latria. player Theodor B.rg ( 1902 66) played ir againsl ALESNE in the Keoeri BERLTN DEFENCE. 338 in ih (RDy LopEz), hll,n rhe G6's cAMsr hHuDoB). 1nd,{m ii rh. \paNrrH op.NrN. lr^tNtscts Jnd rAs^). All have in @mnon the moie . . Ns8 f6 whereby Bla([ altacks ihe thite e_la$n: rtus sound srrdtagem $a\ recummended aromJ 1840 bv Lasa and otner Geman PlaYeE. 'Itr the 19th century 430 becane one ol the pnncraaldefeocrs lo rhe Spa0ah Opening. After 4 0.0 Black plays 4 . N\e4. rhc main line oi rhc Berlr Defen.er tus kina'( knrshl iq likel, tu be{mc a$krardly placed rl b7. btrt he 8,ins comoensalron: whte can.ol \el dp a cldrsi(al cent;e, tor hr( kins s parn ha< been caPrured lhis veialion, pracrised by LAsxER, went ou1 of fashion around 1914, probably because Black Cets Iew opporrunities ior @unrelplay. (sec sHowALEx.) BERLINER, HANS JACK (1929_ ). Interna li.nal Corerpondence Cheqs Cra0Llmasrer ( lab3l, researLh scienxsr Born in Berlin, he sas taken ro thc USA dl the aPe of ertsht and was naturalizcd in 1943. A compeleni oler lhc_board ola!cr. he runalvanous nmes rheLhampionships Lr U^tngron. DC. ao! Nes \ork Srare:nd Dldled.t rhc Helrrnkr Olympiad l952.burhc qas nore successlul in Poslal PIar, gaining his title by winning lhe 5th World Correspondeoce Chan pionship, 1965 8. inwhichhenldcanoutstanding score (+12=4),1hree Poinis ahead oi his ncarest nvah. In 1975 the subjcd ol his PhD thesis B.s 'Chess as problen sohing: the de,elopnent of a H de C.tuontrel Berliner world Corespondcncc Chanpionships 196!3 KingsIndian Dclcncc,Samsch ld4Nl6 2c4s6 3NdRg7.1e4d6 tl3c6 6Bela6 7 Qd2b5 3000Oa5 9Kb1Nt'd7 1094Rbs llhlh5 12 g5Nh7 1l Rh2Nh13 14RdNb6 15cxb5axb5 l6Ndl Qa8 trf4N.4 l3Rxc4bxcl 19Rl2c5 20N.3Ne6 2l dxc5 BM 2cxd6Bxe4+ 2lKal00 21dxe7 FJc3 25 Qdl RxeT 26Nl3RdB 27Nd2Nd4 23Bxd4Bxd4 29 Ndxe,lBxD l0Qc2 Be:r llttllRdS 12Nr6+ Kg7 33 15 Rc5 34 f{96 rxe6 15 Oh2 Qb3 36 Rbl Rbs 37 Qh1 Bd4 r3 N$5 Oxb5 3'r Qh2Qbi 40Nc3+ Kh34l Nd6 Ods ,r2 QI4 Rf3 1l Qe4
]O BERI-IN VARIATION 43 . . cl 14 Qcs+ Kh7 45 Qc?+ Bg? 15 br.l Qxd6 BERT,IN VARIATION. 340 in the s?{NrsE opFN rNG. analrscd and playcd in lhc 1950s by rhc Bediner Heinz Lehmann (1920 ) and Rudolf BERNSTEIN, OSSIP SAMOILOVICH (1882 1962), Ukrainian-bom playcr, Inlernational craDdmaster (1950), Inrefl rarioDal Albiter ( 1952). Ile came lron a rich famil, and Nas able to give much oi his dne lo chess shile shdying lav (he oblained a dooorate al Heidelbere in 190'i) aid ivhile establishing apractice in Moscow.In 1903 he cane second aiier.HcoerNj \rbom hebeat, inrhe All Russia cb.npionshlp at Kiev. Fron 1905 to 1914- his best lears, Bernslein enlered nine intcnratioral touijramenls. six of tlEm mator evenrs, oorably sha ne first pize sirh auuNsrrN at Ostend 190? and taking second prte alt€r Ruhin{ei. ri Vilnn( l9l2: he won the M.sc.$ Chanpionship in l9ll. Altcr losi.g his fortunc nl the revolution ol 191, he setrled in Paris and becane an outsranding Iinancial laster, but rvas again impoverished, this lime by rhe 0dancill crash. 1929-10.Ir l9l2here-eDteredthelishafrer an 1s-yearlbsencefrominternalioDalches. andin 1933 he dres ! fdinidg malch witb ALTGTNE (+1=:-l). Rcstahlishing his practice lnd his fortune. he losr both $hen Paris fell nr 1940. Hc fled to Spain, returned lo Paris *hen the Se.ond Worid Wr ended, competed in toumane.rs lron rine ro dmc, lnd played lirs1 holrd tor the French team h the Amsterdam Oltinpiad, 195,1. lhere were occasional flashes ol his earlier skill. a\ al Monteideo 195,1when. al Lhe age o172. he*on a brillilncy ldze lor hn glnc lgainst NAIDoR.. ld 1956 he plaredin asmall tounamcnl ai Oslc.d,50 yea6 after he had fi6t played there There n an .necdore thar ar rhe zuich rournlhenr. 193.1. he misscd asinnlnglide agaioslrhe Srns plaler Fric Gy8li (1896 1980), cx.laiming-Am l not a.hcs iot?'Emanuel L^stuk. hearing this, agreed, and Bernstein dres up n qu.s Iegrl docunenl to thrl cffcct, whi.h Laskcr slgncd. BEROLL\A PAWN, an unorthodox liind olpawn: n is doledturward di.gonillyone square al.lrne (or two lor its nnt movc). but it captu,.s oi .r atlacks the square dnectlt ahead on the 6le This prwn wns inlenred in 19r:6 br Ednund Nebermann sh. ..ned ir .lier fie citt .i Berli. $here he $orkcd as a radi. officcr. ,A touflramcnt in whi.ll $ch pawns were used *as held in 1957. aDd the lbllosing g.ne lron fiis eventshori rhe polerol co.nc.l.d ta$cd Bcroln[ ta{ns C F Si.oks ri M olifi :rN.:rd5 rl .r\b:d7 f5 5 d2 1.1 17 b6 (rhrcarening whn.\ knighr) 6 oxds+ Kxd3 7Nhd4:_\d4 3Nxd4l5{l1 ,rBiftb7 Ll5 I(]NI3 e7 .s lL h2 C:l (whtc d,ould hare l]la)-cd c2 dl, blo.kin-q th. tnemv pa*nr.) ll . . 13 NsS 864- l.1Kdld4 cr 15e3-d4(aiio 15 Nfl+ Kc7 16Nxns.3 d2+ andtslack*illprcDoreapasn) dsxdl 16 e2 C,lc1-d3 17 K.1 .3 d2 18 Rcl d3 .2 andwhireresigns:ifr9R(2d2 cr=Q+ orit19 BER!rN, JOSEPH. author ofihe fi6t wor$vbile textbook in the Enghh langnage. A Huguenot born arCasielmoron sur L6tiflthe 1690s. he came ro England as ayolth, hecame naturalizedin 1713. and ma ied about 1719.In 1726 hc toined a llne resinrenr (38tb Foor) then senins in the west Indies, waspromoted to the rank ofCaprain. and subseque.rly invalided out ol the arn!. Then be Ntare The ]\iobte Gdtue of ch.s (1735). rn the same year .nd throueh the influence ol Lord Hari.gbn (larer STAMMA\ paron) he qas re commissioncd in a Regiment ol Invalids. In lll probabilit, he died soon aftesards. Hnbook,roBrare, *as sold orly ar Slaughrer's coilee house. (Most ollhe con!en$ trere published by l-angc h .S.la./,:erur*. 1860.) Besides open ings analysis and usetul advice about thc middlcgane Bertin laid down 19 nles: l The King\ PaNn.lhe Bishopt Pawn, andlhe Queens PaBn nust nove belore the KDiehts: orheNne tfie pawns nole last. the gane will be much crouded by usclc$ noles. 2 Never plat your Qucen, dll your gane is tolerably Nell opened, that you ma, nol losc any nolesi and a gane well opened gives a Cood 3. You nrusr not give useles .hccks, tbr fie .1 WhenyouareNellposted,eitherforartackor delencc. _vou must nor bc t.mpred to take an]- 01 your adversary s men, Bhich ma]'dilctryou lrom 5 Do not Casrle, bul $hen very necessary. because rhe movc k olren 10{ bv it IFor 'mo!e' 16ad i.itiarive: s'Er\rrz later cmrliasized rh$ 6. Never artack. or delend the King. sirhour a sum.ient for.c: and takc .are ol .frbu\he\ 3nd 7. Never croud rour game b) too man_v men i. 8. CoDsider wcll bcforc you plar". shal ham tour adve$ary is able to do to totr. that tou inay 9. lo lrcc vour gaDc, rake oii sone ol your adversarv\ men. if possiblc lor n.thing: tho lo succeed in lour design. you rnust oftcn eilc aNa! somc ol lour oqn. as occrsion serves. 10. Hc that plavs ntrt. is uidc6lo.d 1o hrle the atlacL. When your game is well opencd to! must endealour to ttark in lour tum. as soon as you can do ir wirh salery. Bur rhe deience. il well pla,ved. is slilL bcst againsl drc eambe$- in qhich r!u will exchange all your pie.es except thc ganbct ,rat gives firee lawns. which wiu be nece$aiyto kccp aRook, loconduq yourParnsrotheOueen. 11. Agoodtla]'croughttoa.reseetheconcealed l5
- Page 2 and 3: The game of ches exerts a fascinati
- Page 4 and 5: THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
- Page 6 and 7: PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
- Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
- Page 10 and 11: ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
- Page 12 and 13: 16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
- Page 14 and 15: game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
- Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
- Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
- Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
- Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
- Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
- Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
- Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
- Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
- Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
- Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
- Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
- Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
- Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
- Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
- Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
- Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
- Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
- Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
- Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
- Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
- Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
- Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
- Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
- Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
- Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
- Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
- Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
- Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
- Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
- Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
- Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
- Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
- Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
- Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
- Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
BERLINER 29<br />
noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.15 confined the advcrsary's<br />
.,meandaslateas1939tsNEwrotethatdefe.cesoi<br />
;he Benoni lypc 1eft Black vitb a hopelessly<br />
cr<strong>amp</strong>ed gamc'i but since the 1950s such detenccs<br />
have been videly accepted. <strong>The</strong> nosl popular oI<br />
rbese liDos is the MoDDRN BENoNI (135)<br />
<strong>The</strong> nane cones f.on ,., Oni odq die Ver<br />
theidiqu get geBen die GonbitziiEe i S.ho.h <strong>by</strong><br />
A. Rerosanum, pubLshed in 1825 Ben Oni is<br />
Hrh..s l.r'.h'lil or mv $rrow [hen he qas<br />
deprrqsed ReinEaoum r;rned ro ht\ Lhcss_bodrd,<br />
Jnd thc bouk $os rhe resulr of htr analyss. Hc<br />
looked at delenccs against gambits, mxinly tlre<br />
.N. s cAmr. in sone cascs as far as novc 29 He<br />
was rhe lirl <strong>to</strong> eramine I d4 c5, and gave tbe<br />
lollowrns hnes, noncof$hr(h he lalledBeo Oni 2<br />
.I.r.l1 lord4 NLn 4Odl f5:.2 d\c5 e5 lb4d5<br />
4 Bb2 r6i a;d 2 d5 t5. (Sce r Nov; snom c^ME.)<br />
BDRCER, JOHANN NEPOMUK (I81!1933),<br />
accomplishedallrounder. In18?0heronftenst<br />
rournanent (other than club events)in fhe Austro-<br />
Hungarian Empirei this Nas held at Gre. bis home<br />
1own, during a coogress lo lorn an Austdan <strong>chess</strong><br />
fedcralio.. From 1881<strong>to</strong> 1908 he enteredinlerna_<br />
tional <strong>to</strong>umanents intermittenlly, sweari.g after<br />
each one that he would nol enter anothcr. Hisben<br />
achievemenl s6 at Frankflrt 1887, a 6ilh place<br />
shared wilh r{Mscs. three points behind lhe<br />
winner G. H. MAcENzrE. A kee. correspon dcnce<br />
player, Berger son the Mo,le //lasr/, roumanenr,<br />
1889-92, wilh a renaikablc score, +45=3.<br />
From his yourh, when he submitted tNo problems<br />
for rhe London 1862 .omposine <strong>to</strong>urney, he<br />
maint.ined a lifclonginterestin theproblem art. A<br />
leading composer ol the Old Ccrman school, he<br />
disliked xoHrz and (oc(EL(oxN's Pioposcd<br />
.hanses. (see pRoB, EM HBroRt.) <strong>The</strong>sc he<br />
opposed in the p ges ol the Deutsche Schach<br />
:e.!!r* ofwhich he was co edilorlrom 1898io 1907<br />
(with LrpKL in 1898 andthen Nith s.HLEcsER) and<br />
sole edi<strong>to</strong>r lron 19tr8 ro 1911. Ber8erProposcd an<br />
scoRrNc M ts r HoD alnost identical <strong>to</strong> that<br />
^urLL{RY mooled <strong>by</strong> Sonnebom, apparently unaware ol the<br />
Besides all thesc activities Berger was a keen<br />
sludent of the endgane, and it was in this<br />
department oI rhe game that he nade hn nost<br />
importani conhibution. For niny yea( his<br />
<strong>The</strong>orie und Prcxk dd Endspide (1890), relisedin<br />
1922, was the best textbool o. thh subjed. He<br />
livcd all hn lile in Gfuz sherc hewasdirec<strong>to</strong>rollhe<br />
connercial school. Shorlly belore his deltn hc Nas<br />
m.de a Privy Councillor.<br />
BF,RGDR VARIATION. one oi t*o unrelltcd<br />
vanadonsinlhcspANisHorENtNG: 373, a.alysed<strong>by</strong><br />
BERGER in thc Dcu,s.r. s.'i4.hzeitm8. 1910. aad<br />
inrroduced <strong>to</strong> masterplay in lhe Cane Leonhardl-<br />
Koh ein, Hamhurg 1910: 429, a 6ove thlt has<br />
liule independcnt value because Whitc would<br />
usuallycontinue 6 d4transposing<strong>to</strong> knoan linesof<br />
thE SIIINIIZ DETENCE- 422,<br />
BERG VARTAIION. 219, in the ouEEN s INoTAN<br />
DEENCE. <strong>The</strong> Latria. player <strong>The</strong>odor B.rg ( 1902<br />
66) played ir againsl ALESNE in the Keoeri<br />
BERLTN DEFENCE. 338 in ih<br />
(RDy LopEz), hll,n rhe G6's cAMsr hHuDoB).<br />
1nd,{m ii rh. \paNrrH op.NrN. lr^tNtscts Jnd<br />
rAs^). All have in @mnon the moie . . Ns8 f6<br />
where<strong>by</strong> Bla([ altacks ihe thite e_la$n: rtus<br />
sound srrdtagem $a\ recummended aromJ 1840<br />
bv Lasa and otner Geman PlaYeE.<br />
'Itr the 19th century 430 becane one ol the<br />
pnncraaldefeocrs lo rhe Spa0ah Opening. After 4<br />
0.0 Black plays 4 . N\e4. rhc main line oi rhc<br />
Berlr Defen.er tus kina'( knrshl iq likel, tu<br />
be{mc a$krardly placed rl b7. btrt he 8,ins<br />
comoensalron: whte can.ol \el dp a cldrsi(al<br />
cent;e, <strong>to</strong>r hr( kins s parn ha< been caPrured lhis<br />
veialion, pracrised <strong>by</strong> LAsxER, went ou1 of fashion<br />
around 1914, probably because Black Cets Iew<br />
opporrunities ior @unrelplay. (sec sHowALEx.)<br />
BERLINER, HANS JACK (1929_ ). Interna<br />
li.nal Corerpondence Cheqs Cra0Llmasrer<br />
( lab3l, researLh scienxsr Born in Berlin, he sas<br />
taken ro thc USA dl the aPe of ertsht and was<br />
naturalizcd in 1943. A compeleni oler lhc_board<br />
ola!cr. he runalvanous nmes rheLh<strong>amp</strong>ionships<br />
Lr U^tngron. DC. ao! Nes \ork Srare:nd<br />
Dldled.t rhc Helrrnkr Olympiad l952.burhc qas<br />
nore successlul in Poslal PIar, gaining his title <strong>by</strong><br />
winning lhe 5th World Correspondeoce Chan<br />
pionship, 1965 8. inwhichhenldcanoutstanding<br />
score (+12=4),1hree Poinis ahead oi his ncarest<br />
nvah. In 1975 the subjcd ol his PhD thesis B.s<br />
'<strong>Chess</strong> as problen sohing: the de,elopnent of a<br />
H de C.tuontrel Berliner world Corespondcncc<br />
Chanpionships 196!3 KingsIndian Dclcncc,Samsch<br />
ld4Nl6 2c4s6 3NdRg7.1e4d6 tl3c6 6Bela6 7<br />
Qd2b5 3000Oa5 9Kb1Nt'd7 1094Rbs llhlh5 12<br />
g5Nh7 1l Rh2Nh13 14RdNb6 15cxb5axb5 l6Ndl<br />
Qa8 trf4N.4 l3Rxc4bxcl 19Rl2c5 20N.3Ne6 2l<br />
dxc5 BM 2cxd6Bxe4+ 2lKal00 21dxe7 FJc3 25<br />
Qdl RxeT 26Nl3RdB 27Nd2Nd4 23Bxd4Bxd4 29<br />
Ndxe,lBxD l0Qc2 Be:r llttllRdS 12Nr6+ Kg7 33<br />
15 Rc5 34 f{96 rxe6 15 Oh2 Qb3 36 Rbl Rbs 37 Qh1<br />
Bd4 r3 N$5 Oxb5 3'r Qh2Qbi 40Nc3+ Kh34l Nd6<br />
Ods ,r2 QI4 Rf3 1l Qe4
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