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TIME 353<br />
deleated G. wALrcR and othcr player. Soon<br />
alleNards Walkcr and the English problenist<br />
William Bone (I810 74) rediscovered the solution<br />
whicb they published in the Pl ilidonah. 1838. and<br />
Ael'r 4y'., 1840. A. undcBtanding of the analysis<br />
is nol wilhout praclical value.<br />
7&*<br />
'& 'l%'<br />
A position from tbe gane EuwrBorvinnik.<br />
Noningham 1936. EUWE playcd 56 e61 and drew.<br />
He muld have son <strong>by</strong>56 Kb3 rb5 57e6a4+ 58<br />
Ka2Ng6 59h7Kc6 60e7Kd7 6l816.4 62Kb1<br />
Ke8 63e5 Kr &e6+ Ke8 65895 (whne LosEs<br />
rdL MovE <strong>by</strong> EMpo-phy.) 65 . . . NhB 66 Bh4<br />
Ng6 67 Bf6 and Black is id a sauEEzE: halinA 10<br />
nove his pawns he will lose them all. c.g. 6, . . .<br />
a3 68 Ka2 c3 69 Kb3. or 67 . . . b3 68 rb2.<br />
TIE BREAKINC. ln Ar L-pL^r-^LL loumanenls<br />
the NEUsrADrr. scoRE is both widely accePted and<br />
frequenlly used. For swss sysr.M lournamcnts<br />
many different derhods such a<br />
and soLKoFF scores nay be<br />
used. (see Alx,L,ary sco{Nc MErEoDs.) A more<br />
recentmethod, gro*inginpopularity. isthc suM or<br />
Occasionally it may be necessary <strong>to</strong> decide the<br />
winocr of a tied malch between individlals. Tle<br />
qnaftr-final GNDTDATES nalch bctwccn rcRrrscH<br />
and spAssp in 1980 (+l=12-1) was decided in<br />
tavour ol Portisch because he had won nore Sanes<br />
witn thc blackpieces. FIDElarersuegestedrheusc<br />
of dice or the playing oI lurthcr games at<br />
aeelerated time limils. proposing that lhe eight<br />
Candidatcs shotrld <strong>to</strong>gelher decide whicb nelbod<br />
10 adopr. ln 1983 a ried Candidates match sas<br />
decided <strong>by</strong> the spin ol a roulele Nhccl.<br />
Anoldmethodof decidingliednarchesbelNeen<br />
leanswasknown astheelini.ationrule. Tbescore<br />
on the lowest board lhen the nexllowcst andsoon<br />
would be annulled until a dccisive resull could be<br />
obrained. In 1950 the Bntish <strong>Chess</strong> Federadon<br />
adopted a method knoqn as board couflt p.oposed<br />
<strong>by</strong> <strong>David</strong> Vincent <strong>Hooper</strong> (1915- ). Eacb win is<br />
given a numerical value Nhich is tbe same as the<br />
winner's boa.d nunber. tbese.umbc6 are added<br />
for each tean, and the one that has rhe lower <strong>to</strong>lal<br />
*ins the match. For ex<strong>amp</strong>le a rean that wins oo<br />
boards 1.4. andT(:12){ouldwin asainsi a ream<br />
that wins on boards 2,6, and r0 (=18).<br />
TTETZ SYSTDM, a. AUXILIA<br />
intended as a bash for the dislnbuion oi <strong>to</strong>urna<br />
nenl lunds among the compedlors. <strong>The</strong> iund is<br />
6rsr divided, iwo lhirds ior prizcs, one third lor a<br />
consolation tund. All players Nho smle nore than<br />
50 per en1 gct a p.ize, each receiling a sum<br />
direclly propo ional lo the nu6b.r ol poinis <strong>by</strong><br />
which his score exceeds 50 lEr ceni. All playeN<br />
who vin one or morc games share in rheco.solarion<br />
lund. cach receiving a sum directly propoF<br />
rional <strong>to</strong> the nunber oi games he has wo..<br />
vic<strong>to</strong>r Tiet (1855-1937), patron of the 8rea1<br />
Carlsbad lolrnamcnts oI i907. 1911, 1923, and<br />
1929, wiotc aa a icie on his systcm in ,v@a<br />
S.r,.h:€n ,8,1900.In s.vcral rournanents in rhe<br />
next lew yeas funds vere allocated in thjs say His<br />
inrention was <strong>to</strong> encourage compelilon <strong>to</strong> play ar<br />
rheir full sr.engtb and 10 striv€ lor wins, tbus<br />
providing inleresl lor the oolookers. Tte greal€i<br />
the anounr <strong>by</strong> which a player\ score excccdcd 50<br />
Per.ent the largcr his Prizeie<br />
leaders were not inclined lo take undue dsks.<br />
Although regarded as practi cal a n d just his system<br />
wassunable o.lylor<strong>to</strong>u.nanents<strong>to</strong>rshich ! large<br />
'flME, (1) a posnional fac<strong>to</strong>r that concerns the<br />
Bininun numbc.of moves needed (notnecssan<br />
ly tnose taken) lo reach a given position Playes<br />
rightly seek ro gain 1ine, whicn is measu.ed<br />
quandarilely lor lack of a better yardslick.<br />
Howevcr, thcsignifi.anceollhedne gainedcanbe<br />
dctcrmined only <strong>by</strong> tudsidering thc cffcdivcness<br />
ofthe'gained noves and othcrfado6. After I e3<br />
e5 2 e.l Whne has losl a rEMeo and Black has<br />
Cained the advantage ollhe initiadle. Such simPle<br />
.ases are nol typical. Tbe 51h ga6e oI the Norld<br />
ch<strong>amp</strong>io.ship matcb between bsER (whitc) and<br />
srErNrrz in 1894 began I e4 c5 2 Nl3 Nc6 3 Bb5<br />
.16 4 d4 Bd7 5 Ncl NgeT 6 Bc4, and Whne has<br />
lost a tcmpo, oI liltle significine here. By nst<br />
noving hh bishop lob5 he induced Black 10 set up<br />
a CUMPED ms,r<strong>to</strong>Na this acconplished he re<br />
deploycd his bishop. His sixth move nay nol have<br />
6..n rhe te( hnr ir $,fficed t. retain thc initiative.<br />
In rhe opening a gain ol lime usuauy goes hand in<br />
hand wnh a lead in dele<strong>to</strong>pment, but lhere are<br />
ex@p1ions. In the game M^R6czY rARrArcwR<br />
givcn u.derDEvEbeMExrWbilegains abig lcad ifl<br />
developnent but an insignilicanl gaifl oflime iI all<br />
lhe noles of the pawns and piees are .ounted.<br />
Tine is oI importance thronghout $e game. A gain<br />
of rhree tenpi i. lhe opening. said <strong>to</strong> be so.lh a<br />
pa*n, normally brings decisive advaniage. tn the<br />
endgamc onc r€mpo naybedecnile. In the basic<br />
endgamej however, zuczwANcs afld salEEzts<br />
sometines o@ur: tbese arc'anti-lime' positions i.<br />
phich a playe, docs nol sanl lo bave tbe nove.<br />
t-6d, 1$7 3 Oueen\ Ganbit<br />
td4d5 2NBc6 lelc5 4c4N.6 5NclNf6 6 dxcS
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