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338 SWISS VARIATION<br />
best aid wos! sels ol lou!, while the 24 playes in<br />
berween would only be roughly so(cd.l hcrciorc<br />
the S$ns syslen should not be used for a<br />
competirionwithin a conpedlion such as awarding<br />
a chanpionship lo the highest pla.ed local pe6on<br />
in an intemationat lournamenl.<br />
This popular systen, whicb on accounr ol tbe<br />
numbers lhat can play otten hlkes <strong>to</strong>urnanents<br />
sclf f nancing. vas suggcstcd <strong>by</strong> Dr Juliu Miiller ot<br />
Brugg, Ssitzerlaod, and 66t used fo. a <strong>chess</strong><br />
lournamenl at Zu.ich in 1895.<br />
swrss VARIATIoN, 94, the<br />
ToN olrhe oUEEN's r;AMBrr Declined.<br />
SWITCEBACK, a @mposition tem <strong>to</strong>r the letum<br />
ofa picc. <strong>to</strong> lhe square trom which it came. (For<br />
some ex<strong>amp</strong>tcs scc L.PUscHnrz and ouADRANr.)<br />
sYMBoLs- see ..NsmoNAr svMnor s<br />
SYN'IHE'IIC MElHOD, a techniquc for playing<br />
<strong>chess</strong> without analysis of the position bnt <strong>by</strong><br />
dpplying nililary theory lts advocate Franklin<br />
Knowlcs Younc (1857-1931) published hau a<br />
dozen books between 1894and i923 <strong>to</strong> advance his<br />
nethod, but re.ders witbout a thorough grasp oI<br />
n nary jargon found the books uninreuigible lnd<br />
reade( wilh such a grasp lound th€m useless<br />
SYMMETRICAI DEtliNCC, 9 in the ENGLTS!<br />
opENrNc (see aDoRrdN; csflstuNsEN)i 34, the<br />
AUSMIAN DEENCE iN IhC OUEEN,S GAMBIT DCCtiNCd,<br />
SII\TMETRICAI- XIATION. 457 in rhe FouR<br />
SYMMEIRY, a composeas word for a positionusually<br />
occurnng at rhe end ola soiution. in $hi.b<br />
thc mcn o.those mking an activeparl arearranged<br />
A study <strong>by</strong> XMNER lhat won 6st prize in fie<br />
Snal.rnar, <strong>to</strong>urney, Jan. Jnne 1927 I NB+ Kc3<br />
2 e7 Nd7 3 Nxd2 Nl5 (3 . . . kd2 4 Kg5) 4<br />
Ne,l+ Kd,l 5es=NKxe4 6Bbl+Ke5 7Ng6+<br />
Kc6 8 Ba2, a s)mmetrical model maie.<br />
SYNTEEIIC. Tne solution of a problem is give.,<br />
PerhaPs aconpanied <strong>by</strong> sEr pLAy and my-plAtj<br />
and thc solver js requned <strong>to</strong> reconsl.ucr lhe<br />
posilion. <strong>The</strong> calliesl knowd synthetic w6 set in<br />
rh. <strong>Chess</strong> Paladiutu an.l Mathenatical SphiD<br />
( 1846).<br />
SYNT{ETIC GAME PROBLEM. see sHoRrEsr<br />
SYSTDM. a series ot opening noves thar can be<br />
nade <strong>by</strong> one side iodependenll],, <strong>to</strong> somc exrent.<br />
of the opponenr\ play. <strong>The</strong> moves are nol<br />
n4essarily nade in a 6ied order. <strong>The</strong> idea oI<br />
building up a middle pane position in this way.<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>mary in th€ old same Gee<br />
'^Br^), sas<br />
inhoduced ro the modem gane <strong>by</strong> srAUNroN id the<br />
1810s. (For exadples<br />
srAUNroN sYsrE i scc also<br />
LoNDoN v^{^rroN. Rnr o.rNszAB6,<br />
LAszL6 (1917, ), tnrernarional<br />
Gra.dnasrer (1950), Inremational Arbitcr (1954),<br />
leadine Hungarianplayer<strong>to</strong>rabour 20 yea.s and in<br />
hn pnme one ofthc wo(lds best 12. He achieved<br />
his lirsr norable successcs in 1935 at the un$ually<br />
early age oI i8: he won the Hungarian Chan<br />
pio.shi, (Ior rhe Iirn oi ni.e timesl. $on a<br />
'l alaliviros (+10-6 i), and<br />
plaled in the WaEaw Olymriad, when conperi,<br />
losNere iBpresed <strong>by</strong> his aitacking stvle. His nexr<br />
important lournameni lchievements came aftcr<br />
the Second World War: Groningen 1946.category<br />
12, fourrh (+9=5 5) equal sith NArDoRr alter<br />
anrl su$Lo! ahead ol Bor..s<br />
LAvsrY a.d rcrcvi interzonal, Salrsjdbaden i948.<br />
clre8ory 14, second (+8=9 2) alter BRoNsrxrN<br />
ancad ol Boleslavsky, Kolov, and Natdoiti<br />
Budapest 1948, n6r (+9=6)i intezonal. Sahs<br />
-<br />
jdbaden i952. a sharc ot nfth pl.cei inteponal,<br />
Grjtebo.g 1955. category 12. a sere of +6=12 2<br />
io sharc lifthplace.Inbis rhi.d and ldl Ca.didales<br />
lournament. Amslerdan 1956, category 15. Szab6<br />
nade bis nearest approach <strong>to</strong> the world ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship,<br />
tlkngrhirdplace (+3=13 2) equalNitb<br />
Bronsteh. cErLER, pErRosy^N. and spAssry alrei<br />
Smyslov and (ERES. Subsequently he had scveral<br />
excellent vidoriesr Za$eb 1964 \+6:1)l<br />
Budapesr 1965 (+7=8) equal Nirh TLUGAyElsky<br />
andrA,MANovj sdajevo 1972 (+8:6-l) aheadoi<br />
Pelrosya., HoRr. and Keres: and Hilversum 1973,<br />
calegory 12(+6:7 l). equalwith Gelleraheadof<br />
D!3or.vra andPolugayevsky. <strong>The</strong>lastN6Szab6\<br />
besi vin, a 6!c achievenent for a playcr in his<br />
He continued <strong>to</strong> plav in <strong>to</strong>urnanenh, brt the<br />
only stroog elenr be Bon was Hastines 197H,<br />
when heticdwith @zMrN, rrMM^N. and rar. Over<br />
a penod oI33 yea6 ( 1935-68) Szab6 playedlorhis<br />
couory in eleven Olympiads. iive times at nxt<br />
board (See 6ouED o!$N's PAWN.)<br />
His aurobiography. J0,r-7r, A@ kp,s (1981) (50
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