chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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striving to win: To gain a lournament firsl', he srites, mastery is .ot enough i you nnst dare, lal€ risks', adding that a otupetill}r should be prepared for @nplei gmes at the outset and evcn il unsuccesful will hc warmed up ior the foloeing rounds. This approach has brotrght hin seyer.l vidonos: Samjevo i965 (+6=9) ahead ol urorc v'a and rcLUGArEvsn; Copenhagen 1965 (+8=6 1) sbared with GlrcoRra and !^,MANov ahead of LAnsnNi Titovo Uae 1966 (+5:10) shared wiih MArANovra ahead oI Gligonai Havea 1969 (+8=6-1) shred Mth rcRcsNor: Bmo i975, the fi.st CEch Open Championship, a tic with EoRr, *ho Non the litlc on a lie-break i Lublin 1976 (+6:7), Duhna 1979 shrreJ wnh Mzu!{yE!, lahovic andL A. aBrv. Ar Havana 19611 5uerin came *cond (+9=5) equal with srErN aier
336 SULTAN KTIAN would be drawn according to lhe usual laws of (see DriRA s MArEi sEArfuNi.) SULIAN KEAN, MIR (190tu6), perhaps lhe greates! nalural player ol nodern lines. Bom in the Punjab. he learned Indian che$ when he was dne- was taken into lhe hoBehold of Sir umar Hayat Khan, and leamed theinternationalgame i. 1926. Two years laler he won tbe AI India Championship and in the spring of 1929 hisparon and master took him to L,ndon. Within a lew monihs he won lhe British Championship. returning ro India shortly afleNards. In Euiope in May 1930 he hegan abriefcarcertnat includcd defcats of na.y leading playeB. A stiking figure, of dark compbnon, wilh a leanfaceandbroadforehead, hisblackbairusual, turbanned, he sa1 at the hoard impassively. showi.g.o €molio. i. posiiions good orbad. He did nol believe he possessed any special skill. ratherlhat the playerapplying rhe grealer conen tration should Nin. Ir events of ahout category 10 Sullan KIatr cane second to r ^RrA(owER at Lifge 1930,1hird(+5=2 2) a[ter EwE and cfaBGNcA ar Hastings lg3r}-l, and thnd (+6:3,2) equal with kse^N afier ^LEMNE a.d tsLoHRat London 1932. ln evenls olabour caregory t he came fourth or cqnal founh ar Scarborolgh i930, Hastings 1931 2, and Berne 1932 (+10:2-3). SDltan Khan eon the British Chanpionship aSain in 1932 and 1933 a.d played n$t board lor the British Chess Federatio. in lhe Olympiads of 1930, 1931, and 1933. In malch ptay he deleated Tartakowo (+4=5 3) in 1931and lontoFlohr(+1-3 2)in 1932. At thcend ot1933 he wenr back to lddia at the bidding oI his n6rer. Whe, Sn Unar died Sulld Khan Nas left a small lamstead near hh birlhpla@, and there be liled oul his days. Appa.ently he had tew rcgrets. A friend visiting him in i958 lound him sitting quicdy under the sh.de ofa tree snoking his hookah. chatiing witn Deighbouring faroes *hile lhe Nodenlolk did rhe In the Indian gane ofhis tine ihc pieces were moved as in international cbess but the laws of promotio. and stalemate Nere diflerent, c.stling was nol pemiitedj and a pawn could no1 be advan@d two squaresonns fiBl nove. Tb€ game opened slowly vilh enphasis on positional play rather than lactics. and no1 surprisingly Sultan Khanbeameapositionalplaye!. He hadlewpeers in the MDDLE-G$E dd was anong the wo.ld's best two or lhree ENDGAME players, bur he never mastered theopeningswhich. by nalure cmpiri@I. €nnot be leamed by lhe applicalion ol conrnon When Sulta. Khan 66t travelled to Europe his En8lish was so rudimentary rhar he needed an int€rpreter, He suflered trod bouts otnalana and. in the Englisb clinate. from conrinual colds and throat inleclions, ofienturning up to playwilhhis neck swaihed in bandages. Unable to read or write. he never stndied any books on tne game. and he was nistakenly put in the hands oI l.aine6 who were also his rilals in play. Udder lhese adveR cir.nmsrances. and having known the international gamelorameresevenyears.onlyhallof whichsas sPen t id EuroPe. S ult.n Khan nevertheiess became one of the world's best ten playere. This achieve ment brought admnadon iiom Capablanca who called him a genius, an accolade be rarely il ever beslowed on anyo.e else. R. N. Coles, n Su&dn ,odr Gev. edn. 1977) Sulran Khan-Flohr 3rd math ganc 1912 CarGKam Derence, Exchange vaiation tss4 7ABh5 3Nc2c6 9Nd2Bd6 l0Bg3O.7 llNb3 BE6 l2Rcl Bxdl 13 Qxdl G0 l4Bid6Qxd6 15G0 Rlelt 16Ng3g6 lTRcelRaca l3Re2N63 19a4Nld7 20ai016 21Qxa6bxa6 22Ra1R.7 23NclRcc3 24 Nd3Rb7 25Ra3Nc6 26Nrl Rh5 27b4Nd3 23Ne3 Nc6 33 Ng4 Rb1 3,1 Nc5 N$5 35 t!e5 IC3 36 Ke3 Rcb3 37 Rrz Xe7 33 R€ Kd7 39 Raa2 R3b:r 411Kd3 Rdl+ 4l Rd2 Rcl 42 RaCRcbl Aner much sparing Whnc h no* ablc .o ra*c thc innia vc.In$cadol42. . Rcr,r Black courd have prayed 42 Rar and if 43 Raz Rcr leekins r dra* by repetirion. ww t t i t 72& w %, %Hffi@% Wz %Hffi W,i '% '& 4l Rrz Ke7 14c6 Rblt 4sc.1Rlb3+ ,16Rc3 drc4+ ,17 (f,c4 R3b4+ €K Rea 49 Kc1Rb5 50 Ra2 Rf3 5l E1Kd3 52c7+Kc3 5l Rl2Rxas 54RcGRar+ 55Ke4 Kd7 56 Rxr+ rs.n 57 LaA K{.7 53 Rr+ Kd3 59 Rin? g5 60 Rg7 Ra2 6l R{95 Rxh2 62 Re3+ Kc7 6l &6a5 61Rxe6Kb7 65 Rf6 Rg2 6i5e6Rxg4+ 67 Kds Kc7 6ltRr+ KdB 6SRia7Rh4 ?oKci BlackEsi$s SUM OF PROGRF,SSTVE SCORES, an Auxrlrany used lor tie breaking in Swiss syslcm tournamenls. The aggreSate $ores made by a player after each round are added 1oge1her. For eranple a player whose progressive sores read 1.2.3.3,3- (=12) would be plaed above a playe. who* progressive scores rcad 0,0,1,2-3, (= 6). This popnlar and sinple Ray of resol,inc ties is baed on the supposirion that a ptayer vho scores nore poi.ts in lh. early rolnds will have been Pitled agai.sl stronger opposition. SVENONIUS VARIATION, 456 in rhe louR $'cH1s orENrNc: 558 in the xNc's c^Mn'r De-
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
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DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
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The objecr, morc often than no1, n
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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
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DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
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nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
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entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
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EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
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A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
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chess ser and sood became deeply ab
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Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
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seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133:
Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135:
FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
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GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
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trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
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cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
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GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
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2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
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Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
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conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
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HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
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KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
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FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
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LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
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MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219:
a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
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N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
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was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
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ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
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publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
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E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
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Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
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The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
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(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
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PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
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Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
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RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
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1925 he played 29 blindf old games
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A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
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stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295: naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297: Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299: ...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301: s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303: In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305: SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307: Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309: anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311: SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313: sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315: lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317: SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319: SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321: SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323: the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325: i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327: Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329: man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331: SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333: A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335: S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337: about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339: 1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341: oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343: STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 346 and 347: clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349: yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351: TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353: Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355: % 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357: A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359: A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361: correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363: TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365: .I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367: sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369: the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371: showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373: TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375: TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377: UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379: VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381: 2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383: Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385: AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387: uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389: woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391: worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393: YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld