chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlctions lor the solvi.g oI a After the Second World Wa. Sloltz pon tbe @mposition, e.g. White to play and draw, or narional chanpionship three tines (1951, 1952, 'Whitc to play and nate in twomoves'. Thescand 1953) and playcd in theinterzonal tournanetrts ol some other comnonly used stipularions are often 1948 and 1952. His results were indeasinAly repre*nled by coNvENroN^L sYMBoLs. affecled by alcoholism. bfi nashes othis old skill o-uned liom time to tine- and at the salisjdbaden interzonal 1952 he won the BtlLLhNcY sToccEL Ol_l A\4o (190G@),llalian @mpo$ er spccializing in o hodox No-MovERs, one oI lhe pRrzE for hh gane a8ainst H. srEtlER. mosl snEesstul rouRNnY prize-winners of his time, Spielmannsolz March e,'ne Srocllnotn 1930 Frerch Idremarional Judge ot chess conposnions ( i956), Defen.e 'Irtr rh varialion I e4 e6 2 d,1d5 :l Nd2 N16 4 c5 NrdT 5 Bd3 d 6 c3 Nc6 7Ne2QM ItNAcxd4 9cxd4Bb4+ l0Kl1f6 1l Nf4 fxe5 12 Nxc6 c4 ll Bl4 r, ww% 'rnpm % E% m %.4 %frurd*frffi ?,wwt A problem by Sto@hi that Ron first prize in lhe llalian Composing Championship 1937. The key n 13.. exf] l.1tsr7NI6 15Nxg?+(l, 16Bxb6Bg4 17 I Bg8 and Black say detear fte threal oI 2 Rl5 by sl Bh3+ 13Kxl KxsT 19Bc7 Rlc3 20Be5 Nres 2l ilxe5 Rrc5 22Qb3Bc5 23 Bf5 BIf5 24 OxbT+ Kg6 1...8e6 2Ra5 25 Qxa3 Re2 26 h,l Bxr2+ 27 (fl Bll3 2a hs+ Ks5 1...Re6 2Nb4 1...e6 2 Rd4. STONEWALL, namc of a pawn lomation: for This is the stoahi (DUALAvorDANctr) thene. in White, plwns oD d4, e3..nd l,lrlor Bla.k, pawns which three or more sElr-ul-ocs on lhe same on .r, e6, and f5. The name h descriplive oI tbe square are ansqered by diflerent mating replies. cenrral basrion that Bla.k builds to obsrocl For another prcblem by Stocchi see BLoc(. White satlack, as in the Slone{all Debnce (121 in the DUrctr D.FEN.E) a.d the Stonewall Variation STOCKWHIP VARLATION, 617, outnodcd line (,1? in the ouENs GAm'r Declined). Tbe in ihc xrNc's c^MBrAccepled- givm by.aRREh stonewall Atkck (108, sith PI2 f,l to fono*) is The name, rdely usd in Enelish-speaki.g coun paradoncaUy naned, for il is While vho sels up lries, is a rranslation of latrAc Pdbcrre, connonly the typicalpawn fornation. Hn idea is to securc 6ed in Cermany lor this vanation. thc centre so rhar hecan artack o. thc knrg'sside (see Broc(D CENTRE (a double stonewall): LFrci STOLTz, GOSTA (1904 63). Inrernational GrandBaner ( 1954), svedish player noledfor his bnlianr onbinalive Dlay, car mechanic and. STONE-WARE DEFENCD, 481. Played b, periodically. chcss professional. Fron 1927 he MIDoNNEI in his 53rd natcn game againsl BouR played in nany chess events including nine Oly6 DoNNArs io 183,1, this va,iaiionwas reinfoduced by piads (1927 37. 1952, 195,1). He Droduced somc the Bosto. (UsA) players Henry Nathan Stone fine games bur rarely play.d with the coosislencl (1823 1909) and lresto. waic (182G-90) around needed forslccessin a sl.ongtournament. He had 1888. tan results io rwo snalt tourn.men6: Slockholn 1930, second (+3=2 l) equal vitn Bocouumw STRATAGEM, a short kctical nanauvrc ol a type afler (AsBDaN ahead of eirlrEic and sP'ELMNNi thar ocoB frequenrly. For exanple. after 1e4 e5 and G6teborg 19:lt. equal liBt wilh rLotsR and 2 N.3 Nf6 3 Bc4 Black may Play 3 . . . Nxe4 4 ruNDrN abead oI Sdlnberg and siMrscn. His bcst Nxe4d5, a srratagem thal occu^ in lariols loms. achievedent was ai Munich 1941.6mt prir (+ l0:4-1). one and a nalfpoinrs ahead ola neld SrRA'IEGY, rhe planning and conduct oI tbe rhat i.cluded dEGTNE and Bogoljubow. In l93l long term objectives in a game. Moves dneded he played l*onatches against Flohr, $inning th€ pridarily toNards thh end are omno y relered 6rst (+3:3 2) and losinqthe second (+1:3 41. to as msrbNAL pL^!. asdisiinctliomcombinative

3]4 STROBECK play (lacticr. ln its tridesr sense, howeve.. strarcgy emb.ac€s all that happens on $e board: tactics should accord with stateeicends, and in carying oul a long-term plan a player shoutd examirc hh moves io deterninc Nheiher they are tacticaUy feasible. 'Stralegy', wrote .!wE- is a case oI lhinking, lactics one oI seeing.' Ihc tninhng n nodined hove by move as the position changcs and, contrary to popul.r beliei, masteA do not make p.econceived plans that unlold as the game proceedsfrom stafi to6nnh. (Forthedcvclopment ofche$ stralegy see scsooB o! .Hrss.) Slrategy as undeAtood b! players who use rhe wo.d in its normalsc.sc nasnoplacein problens. ComposeBuse ihe sord to describe cenain knrds olplay, allof whichaplayerwoutddefineastactics. STROaEC( asrall village on the sestern edge ot Ilalberstadt in East Cernany. SELENUS lint drcw altennonto thevillaSewhenbe*rorein 1616olthe chcss sldll ot the inhabilants ind rhe sr.ong t.adition oI.ouRrER which hc found lhere. Tteie are nreconcilable Iegends about the hntory ol ihc game in Shdbeck, sode suggesting thar the game was popular thcr. from as lar back !s 1(t)4. cws visiled the village in 1831, noied that conricr had dicd our. a.d said thd in 156l rhe Fle.ror of Brandenbure had givcn tne village a conbined chessdndcounerhoardandtsoscts. oncivoryind one ol siher and 8old, ,dding rhar the DeaD and Chaprer at Halb.stadt had boro*ed rhe silver and gold ser and forgorten to rellm ir. Lewn doubted whether any ol rhe inhabiianrs could have dcfcatedanrst cl.ssplayerwhooncededoddsola knight. No sbong player has evei been knosn to come Iron Strdbeck althoueh chcss is said ro b.ve been conpulsory lher€ for anl,thing up 10 a millennium. A 20th century visilor could lind no one who *as able toplaychess and noGdthatrhe villageB were fed up wiih beingpcstcred aboll the STRONG SQUARE, a square on aplayer\ Iourth rank or beyond tbal can be used cfic.livety by th.t playeaspicces Ttissquarewiube safeiromatta.k by enemy pawns. sucn an aftck being either impo$ible or inadvisable. An ADVANCE rcrNr- for example, is likcly 10 be a slrong point. sTUDY, a leg.l posnion usually conposed and rarely from play that is acconrpanicd hy the stipnlation for the solver rhat one side (usually Whne) n to wio orto forcc a draw. Arording ro the prRAN codex there should bc uniqueness of solution (i.e. only one saftfactory nove for wnirc each tine he plays) againsl Black\ best delence . Perhaps this should read 'what appears to be Bla.k's bcsl delenc'. The conposer inlcnds ihis line oI play lo bc lhe main variation and it olter ends vilh a tactical d6nouemcnt adding piquatrcy. The u.iquc mainpiay distinguisbes the studylrom the DIDAorc resrroN allhouAh there is somctimcs an olerlaP. The solution may be regarded as the correctly played finhh 10 an imaginary gaoe. Wbite. always in difficulties, nnds a sin when tnis sould seem to be inpossible or a dras shen he seenrs to bc hopclcssly losl With a feB erceptions (e.e. rLAcHUn{ rHFr!) a sludy .onPoser is unabte lo use many of ihc thcmcs available ro the problem conposer, bur in other Nays hc has grcarcr scope: male is nol his only aim: be nnotlimiledto asetnumberofmores orrequiied ro prolide rbenalic vanadonsr and he may usc introdu.tory play thlt leads to and perhaps con.eah his main id€a. He avoids DUArs that would by pass his idea. Ior lhen the study s ould losc its poinl, and he seek EcoNow. A naid va.iationusually ends in one ofthe lollowingNays: .neclnale perhaps sho*ing an DEAI M^8. a MoDLL arE. or srMMrrRyi stalemate which mighi bc an rD.ar srAr-EMAr. Srudy conposnion reacbed a hiSh level dunng the great dlys ofklamic chessin rhe9ihand 10rh ccnlurics. (Scc MAN,SiIBA and as-sirli.) subse que.ilythe a lay almosi oeglected until rhc l9rh cenlury. In 1851 orNc and HoRwrrz published a pioneer work, aIcr, .Srzdi.r; ,. Endings of Cunes, .onlaining 20? positionsi some arc s$dies (the autbon established tbis te.ml. sonc didactic Positions, and all $ere intended lor instru.lion.In the 1890s adisiinct advance was nade, principally by torzkr, RrN.(. and th. Gcrman Johann Sehwe$ (1868 1940). They sere louowed by thc PLAro! brotheB and K. A. L. ouBEL. since shcn Soviet conposcrs halc dominated the lield. The firsr large collecrion, A Thousdnd End-Cdhes (1910 11), {.s nade by $e En8lishman crcasey Edward CccilTaticisali (18?7 1957): he inserted many didaciic positions. From 1939 luthori&rive colleclions have been made by LoMM.R and (ASPARYAN. The unPublished saRM^N collection contaiN norc 1ha.25,000 classilied studies and is arailable to lourncyjudgcs sho Nish to cbeck tor anlicipation. In 1965 RoycRon founded EG, a quarrerlynagazine devoted whollytostudicsica.n issuc contains an alerage oI abour 70 compositions. most oi rhcm contenporaiy. A J. Royciofl, r..ir rrbe ar.sr (1972), repub, lished as ftc crzs &da,h? Sr!4, (1982). SUBA, MIHAI (1957 ), Idletuarional Grand master 0978). Romanian pray.r who becane widelyknown in 1982vhen he came second equal vith ss riler rIB! at Blile Herculane and lhid (+6=4 3) aftcr Ribri and sMysr.ov (Nho becane .^NDrD^rrs) in theLasPalmasinreronal. Hisbest vicror! {as.r Donnund 1983 (+6=4 1). SUETIN, ALEXEY STEPANOVICH O92G ). Soviet player and author, Inlcftational Grandmas ter(i965). He played in ten USSR cha,npionships from 1950 to 196T,athisbeslshannglourrh prize in 1963 and 1965, scoring +8=7 ,l and +6-11 2 respectively. In tounam.nl play he tishrs baid,

STRATEGY ]33<br />

SIIPULATIONS, inslrlctions lor the solvi.g oI a After the Second World Wa. Sloltz pon tbe<br />

@mposition, e.g. White <strong>to</strong> play and draw, or narional chanpionship three tines (1951, 1952,<br />

'Whitc <strong>to</strong> play and nate in twomoves'. <strong>The</strong>scand 1953) and playcd in theinterzonal <strong>to</strong>urnanetrts ol<br />

some other comnonly used stipularions are often 1948 and 1952. His results were indeasinAly<br />

repre*nled <strong>by</strong> coNvENroN^L sYMBoLs.<br />

affecled <strong>by</strong> alcoholism. bfi nashes othis old skill<br />

o-uned liom time <strong>to</strong> tine- and at the salisjdbaden<br />

interzonal 1952 he won the BtlLLhNcY<br />

sToccEL Ol_l A\4o (190G@),llalian @mpo$<br />

er spccializing in o hodox No-MovERs, one oI lhe pRrzE for hh gane a8ainst H. srEtlER.<br />

mosl snEesstul rouRNnY prize-winners of his time,<br />

Spielmannsolz March e,'ne Srocllnotn 1930 Frerch<br />

Idremarional Judge ot <strong>chess</strong> conposnions ( i956), Defen.e 'Irtr rh varialion<br />

I e4 e6 2 d,1d5 :l Nd2 N16 4 c5 NrdT 5 Bd3 d 6 c3<br />

Nc6 7Ne2QM ItNAcxd4 9cxd4Bb4+ l0Kl1f6 1l<br />

Nf4 fxe5 12 Nxc6 c4 ll Bl4<br />

r,<br />

ww%<br />

'rnpm %<br />

E% m %.4<br />

%frurd*frffi<br />

?,wwt<br />

A problem <strong>by</strong> S<strong>to</strong>@hi that Ron first prize in lhe<br />

llalian Composing Ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship 1937. <strong>The</strong> key n 13.. exf] l.1tsr7NI6 15Nxg?+(l, 16Bxb6Bg4 17<br />

I Bg8 and Black say detear fte threal oI 2 Rl5 <strong>by</strong><br />

sl Bh3+ 13Kxl KxsT 19Bc7 Rlc3 20Be5 Nres 2l<br />

ilxe5 Rrc5 22Qb3Bc5 23 Bf5 BIf5 24 OxbT+ Kg6<br />

1...8e6 2Ra5<br />

25 Qxa3 Re2 26 h,l Bxr2+ 27 (fl Bll3 2a hs+ Ks5<br />

1...Re6 2Nb4<br />

1...e6 2 Rd4.<br />

STONEWALL, namc of a pawn lomation: for<br />

This is the s<strong>to</strong>ahi (DUALAvorDANctr) thene. in<br />

White, plwns oD d4, e3..nd l,lrlor Bla.k, pawns<br />

which three or more sElr-ul-ocs on lhe same<br />

on .r, e6, and f5. <strong>The</strong> name h descriplive oI tbe<br />

square are ansqered <strong>by</strong> diflerent mating replies.<br />

cenrral basrion that Bla.k builds <strong>to</strong> obsrocl<br />

For another prcblem <strong>by</strong> S<strong>to</strong>cchi see BLoc(.<br />

White satlack, as in the Slone{all Debnce (121 in<br />

the DUrctr D.FEN.E) a.d the S<strong>to</strong>newall Variation<br />

STOCKWHIP VARLATION, 617, outnodcd line (,1? in the ouENs GAm'r Declined). Tbe<br />

in ihc xrNc's c^MBrAccepled- givm <strong>by</strong>.aRREh s<strong>to</strong>newall Atkck (108, sith PI2 f,l <strong>to</strong> fono*) is<br />

<strong>The</strong> name, rdely usd in Enelish-speaki.g coun paradoncaUy naned, for il is While vho sels up<br />

lries, is a rranslation of latrAc Pdbcrre, connonly the typicalpawn fornation. Hn idea is <strong>to</strong> securc<br />

6ed in Cermany lor this vanation.<br />

thc centre so rhar hecan artack o. thc knrg'sside<br />

(see Broc(D CENTRE (a double s<strong>to</strong>newall): LFrci<br />

STOLTz, GOSTA (1904 63). Inrernational<br />

GrandBaner ( 1954), svedish player noledfor his<br />

bnlianr onbinalive Dlay, car mechanic and. STONE-WARE DEFENCD, 481. Played b,<br />

periodically. chcss professional. Fron 1927 he MIDoNNEI in his 53rd natcn game againsl BouR<br />

played in nany <strong>chess</strong> events including nine Oly6 DoNNArs io 183,1, this va,iaiionwas reinfoduced <strong>by</strong><br />

piads (1927 37. 1952, 195,1). He Droduced somc the Bos<strong>to</strong>. (UsA) players Henry Nathan S<strong>to</strong>ne<br />

fine games bur rarely play.d with the coosislencl (1823 1909) and lres<strong>to</strong>. waic (182G-90) around<br />

needed forslccessin a sl.ong<strong>to</strong>urnament. He had 1888.<br />

tan results io rwo snalt <strong>to</strong>urn.men6: Slockholn<br />

1930, second (+3=2 l) equal vitn Bocouumw STRATAGEM, a short kctical nanauvrc ol a type<br />

afler (AsBDaN ahead of eirlrEic and sP'ELMNNi thar ocoB frequenrly. For exanple. after 1e4 e5<br />

and G6teborg 19:lt. equal liBt wilh rLotsR and 2 N.3 Nf6 3 Bc4 Black may Play 3 . . . Nxe4 4<br />

ruNDrN abead oI Sdlnberg and siMrscn. His bcst Nxe4d5, a srratagem thal occu^ in lariols loms.<br />

achievedent was ai Munich 1941.6mt prir<br />

(+ l0:4-1). one and a nalfpoinrs ahead ola neld SrRA'IEGY, rhe planning and conduct oI tbe<br />

rhat i.cluded dEGTNE and Bogoljubow. In l93l long term objectives in a game. Moves dneded<br />

he played l*onatches against Flohr, $inning th€ pridarily <strong>to</strong>Nards thh end are omno y relered<br />

6rst (+3:3 2) and losinqthe second (+1:3 41. <strong>to</strong> as msrbNAL pL^!. asdisiinctliomcombinative

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