chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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about chess be lenrned by himsell. For thc mosi parl heplayedlhcuslal o|eDingsolhis tinrebuthe iniroduccd seleral positional @ncepts. Some oI these had been touched upon by pHrLrDoB, othe6 were bis osd: rhe use of rhc nANcHEno lor strategicends, thc developmentof rhN(oPENINGS spccially suited 10 pawn play. He nalr be regarded as the precrrsor of the SYPER the srAUNroN sYsrEM lhe lreorsor of thc RarI opENrNG. tn his Cnc$ Plat.ls Conp,,r, Sta n' ion remarks that alrer 1 e4 e5 Black s Same is embarrassed lrom the sta , a renark anticipatine BREIB sideas abour the opcning by more than hall acentun .rs.!.Rwrotein196,l: Stauntonwasthe most pr;found opening analysr oi all 1ifre He was moretheork than pl.yer bu1 nonc thc less hc was the strongest player ol his day. Playing over his ga6es I discoverthatrhey are completely nodern. whcrc Morphy and sreinnz rejected tfie fia.- chetlo. Staunron enbraced it. In addition he understood all rhe positional conceprs which modem playcnhotdso dear, andthuswithSleinitz musr be considered the fiist nodem player. (See Tall, erect. broad-sholldered, Nilh a leonine head, Staunlon stood ort anong his lelloss, walking 'like a king . He dressed elegantiy, even ostentatiously, a rasle derivcd pcrhaps lrom his background as an actor. G. A. M(DoNNELL dcscribes him: ... seadng a lalender zeph)ir outside hislrockcoat. Hn appeara nce was slighdy gaudy, his vesi being nn enbroideredsalin. andiis scait gold sprigeed sith a double pin thrusl in, the hcads olshich {cre connected by a elittenng ch.in . . . A great raconteur, an excellent mimic aho could entertain byhis portrayals ofEdmund Kean, Thackeray, a.d othcr celebrilies he bad met. he likcd 10 hold lhe stage, icanng Ior no nan\ anecdote bur his oqn . He could neilher undcF stand nor tolerale the acccptance of mediocrily, thc failurc ofothcs to eile olrhen besr. A inan ol dctcrmincd opinions, hc expresed them ponli- 6cally, brooking little opposilion. Alw.ys oul spoken, be olten bebavFd, wrnes rcER. Nirh gross uniairness tosards lhose whom hc disliked. STAUNTON GAMBIT 327 or fr.n shom hc $rffered defert .r wh.m he imagnrcd to stand between himself and the sun l 'DeverthelesJ. hc continucs. 'lbcr€ was nothing *eak about him and be had a backbone ihai was nevercurvedwi$tenrotanvone. Widelvdisliked. Slaunton was aidcly admncd. a choicc ihatNould have been his preference. Reninisci.g in 1897, Charles Edward Ranlen (1828 1905)wrole: With great defech he had -Erear virlues; there was nothine mean. cringing. orsnall in bis nature, and, taking all in aU. England neve. had a more worthy chess represedtative than Hoqdd Slaunton. (See roN cHFssMEN,) R. D. KeeneandR. N. Coles H, wa/d Stoubn the Englith Wond Chess Chahp,,tr (19?5) coniains biography. TS ganes, and 20 parls otganes. STAUNTO!\ CHESSMEN, the standardpattern oI chessmen designed around 1835 by Nathaniel Cook wbo probably kncq of earlier sets beinnB sinilar leatures, Only men of tbis general desiSn are allovcd in FIDE e,enrs. Cook- who drew inspiraiion lor the lnighl lron thc Parlhenon frieze in ihe Bntnh Museun. rcgistered his desi8n in Marcb 1849. In thc /llurraretl London NeNs si\ months later Stamton reomended rhe use of thcscchessmen. a step towards the slandardizatio. he sought. When proleclion olthc design expired three yeas later he allosed a lacsinile oi his signaturc io be included with every se1. tbus afiording someprcrection, ioronlyther sdsserc igetruine Staunton chessmenr. _lhe design became popular on account olthe p le asin8 ProPortions ol rhe men rhe e?se Nnh uhich erch man could be idenriEed, andnotleastStaunlontadvocacy. Each set tbal was sold btought him a lee. STAUNTON DETENCE, 20, theB.NoNr DEFENCE, tsice played unsuccessfully by sANr-Mdr when srA!NroN played I d4 in their semnd natch,1843. The name is the.efore nisapplied. STAT NTON GAMBIT, 124, ,igo.ons .esponse to thc DUrcH DEFENCE played by sraumN against Srauntond, (r .o r )pavn, rool. knishr, bishop, queen- kins

32A STAUNTON OPENING SIAUNTON OPENING,443, the poNzrANr oEN SIAUNTON SYSTEM, senes oI moves devised by $AUNroN: Io. Whitej Pc4. Nc3, PB3, BC2, !c3, Nge2,0-0r ortorBlack, Pc5, Nc6, Pg6, Bg7, Pe6, N9.7, (10. ln either case a queen's fianchetlo niSht follow. After his retnenenr rhe system N.s neglectedloralongti6e,probablybecauseplayes disliked the solEs created in lhe parn fomation (for White,I:] add d3ilor Black f6 and d6). 'Ihcre came a tine when players were less frightened ol holes. ln the 190s NrMzowrrscs reintroduced the Siaunton Syslen lor Blackr I e4 c5 2Nc3Nc6 383s6 4Be2Bs7 5Nse2e6 6d3 Nge7, a.d this variation soon became stan{jard play. Si.cc the Second Wo.ld Wa. masters have occasionalty used the systen $hen plati.C thc STEAMROLLER, a group oI united pawns lhat are adlan@d so that eneny piees id its path are driven back in disaray, (For an example see STEAN, MICHAEL FRANCIS (195! ), Eng iish playe.. International Grandnaster (1977). Ar Nice 1974, in the firsi of his several Olynpiads, he won the BRTLLANCY pRrzE for his game againsr BRowNt. Sincc then he has had several good results: Montila 19?6, cqual second with ulAlr{ and Ricudo Caho (194! ) after $RpoliMon' tilla 1977,thnd (+3=6) afte.c!6o{aandKavalek ahead ol R. BYRNE, rArMANo!! and aNDERsso\i lnndon 197, seco.d (+,1:4-1) equal with MEs rEL and aurNERos aller uoRrj Vriac 1979, Iirsr (+8=5-1); Soederevsla Palanka 1980, fi6t (+7=6)i BeeBheba 1982. nrst. Slean was one of (oRcsNois seconds i. the world chanpionship .yclcs ot 197H and 1980 1, and rbc two becane close f.iends. In particular Stean provided help with lhe openings. a subject on {hich he specializcs. He published a book on the NNDoRF v^RIAroN of the srcilhN DEFENCE in 1976 and Siuple Crds. a guide 10 lhe understanding of positional ideas, in 1978. Sax Srean Euopcan ream .hmpio.ship Mo*os 1977 Sicilim Defe.ce, Nal,lorl vari. rion 1e4d 2Nl3d6 3d4.xd,l .1Nxd4Nf6 5Ncla6 6Be3 e6 7Bc2Bc? 314Qc7 s0.i0.1] l0s4Nc6 tts5NdT t2 15 Ndc5 13 f6 Bds 14 fxgT KXCT 15 Qd2 1, . b5 (Bla.k sives up rhe excharye. loreleeing that Write\mksuillhavcftdcsopc.)16s6hxs6 1?Bh6+ Kg3 1S BxlS Kif3 r9Nic6Qxc6 20Bd3 K37 21Nc2 Bb? , Nf,l Bb6+ 23 Khl Rhs 24 Qgz Qd7 2s Rael Oe7 26OeJ Oh4 27h285 23Nh3 f6 29Re2Ns6 30 Reel Bd4 3l c3 Be5 32Qxh1Rihl 33 Rhl Rxh3 34 Kil3 Nf,1+ 35 Kg4 Nxd3 36Re2f5+ whire resigns. STEENII'IJr VARIATION, 393, sce DERLD. STEIN, ELIAS (1748-1812), Alsatia. who sedled in'ahe Ha8ue when young a n d became chess tutor to the sons ol William V. thc last srdrholde. .f Holland. Ooe son becane (ing of Holland, the olher an Austrian Field Marshal.Ir waschiefly for thcsepupils that Stei. wrote r'vo uvel Esai sue k Pa d6 achect. atec des rdexio$ nilitaires .elatives n c. /'?,, publi+cd in 1739 The eighreenrh opeirns in lhe buok cories a note rhdr rt the onl]nnlnt opcns by pusbing his queen's pawn two squaresj you can.ot do betrer ihan to push the king s bnhop\ pawn tso squares (1 d4 f5), the line rhat becane k.own as thc DUrc! DEENCE. Two turlher editions ot Sreins book appeared in the l9th ce.tury. aid rhere were two translations inlo Dutch. both ofwhich had later edirions. Stein\ pupil Friedrich Wilhelm von Maulillion (1774-1851) said othinlhar hc deparredf.om this world an unconquered che$-playcribut he.ever met the greal French, Itali.d, orEnslish plaves of STEIN, LEONID ZAKHAROVICH 093+73), Soviet plal€r lroh the Ukraine, Inrernational Cmndmajer (1%21, rhree rmcsso! erchampro0, facrory worler anJ iarer J che$ protessonal. He made slov progre$ at fte starr ofnis ches ca.eer. Besidc\ hi\ lork a5 ! nlter he anendcd evennr cla$es to rmpru\e hrscdLcanon and therc w6 Llrt; iime to study the gane, but he inproved steadilyi inbis6rstUSSR Chanpionship, Moscow 1961, he aane thnd (+8=8 3) equal with GELER alter pEnosyAN and koRCHNor. In 1963, at his rhird artempt. he came 6Bt (+6:12 1) equat sirh sPAssKY and xrror,Mov, won the play oli (+1:3), and bec.me champion. Many successes follosed: Moscow 1964. a caresory r5 zonal bumamenl, second (+2:9-1) equalwitb uRoNsrEr N ailer Spassky i Yerev a n 1965, category t2j second (+5=7 1) .qual wilh Perrosyan (then wond champion) afi erKorchnoi; UssR Championship. Tallinn 1965, caresorv 12, 6rst (+10:8-1) ahead of polucAEvso and {rREsi Kislovodsk 1966, second (+7=1-3) aner ceuer ahcad ofTALiUSSR Championship. Tbilisi 1967, category r3, Rst (+8=10-2) ahead of Korchnoi: sarajevo 1967, n6t (+7=7-1).qual wirh rv{ovi Mos@r 1967, caicsory 14,6rsi(+6=10 1)ahead of sMysrov and Tali Kecskeb€r 1968. nrst (+9=6) two and a hall points ahead oI fie fieidi 'lallinn 1969, E6t (+8=5) ahead olKercsiMoscoN 197r. category 14, firsr (+5=i2) equal wilh rupo! ahead of Snyslov, Pelrosyan, Tal, Spassty, and Korchnoir Zagreb 1972,6(t (+6-7)i Kisloro{jsk

32A STAUNTON OPENING<br />

SIAUNTON OPENING,443, the poNzrANr oEN<br />

SIAUNTON SYSTEM, senes oI moves devised <strong>by</strong><br />

$AUNroN: Io. Whitej Pc4. Nc3, PB3, BC2, !c3,<br />

Nge2,0-0r or<strong>to</strong>rBlack, Pc5, Nc6, Pg6, Bg7, Pe6,<br />

N9.7, (10. ln either case a queen's fianchetlo niSht<br />

follow. After his retnenenr rhe system N.s<br />

neglectedloralongti6e,probablybecauseplayes<br />

disliked the solEs created in lhe parn fomation<br />

(for White,I:] add d3ilor Black f6 and d6).<br />

'Ihcre came a tine when players were less<br />

frightened ol holes. ln the 190s NrMzowrrscs<br />

reintroduced the Siaun<strong>to</strong>n Syslen lor Blackr I e4<br />

c5 2Nc3Nc6 383s6 4Be2Bs7 5Nse2e6 6d3<br />

Nge7, a.d this variation soon became stan{jard<br />

play. Si.cc the Second Wo.ld Wa. masters have<br />

occasionalty used the systen $hen plati.C thc<br />

STEAMROLLER, a group oI united pawns lhat<br />

are adlan@d so that eneny piees id its path are<br />

driven back in disaray, (For an ex<strong>amp</strong>le see<br />

STEAN, MICHAEL FRANCIS (195! ), Eng<br />

iish playe.. International Grandnaster (1977). Ar<br />

Nice 1974, in the firsi of his several Olynpiads, he<br />

won the BRTLLANCY pRrzE for his game againsr<br />

BRowNt. Sincc then he has had several good<br />

results: Montila 19?6, cqual second with ulAlr{<br />

and Ricudo Caho (194! ) after $RpoliMon'<br />

tilla 1977,thnd (+3=6) afte.c!6o{aandKavalek<br />

ahead ol R. BYRNE, rArMANo!! and aNDERsso\i<br />

lnndon 197, seco.d (+,1:4-1) equal with MEs<br />

rEL and aurNERos aller uoRrj Vriac 1979, Iirsr<br />

(+8=5-1); Soederevsla Palanka 1980, fi6t<br />

(+7=6)i BeeBheba 1982. nrst. Slean was one of<br />

(oRcsNois seconds i. the world chanpionship<br />

.yclcs ot 197H and 1980 1, and rbc two becane<br />

close f.iends. In particular Stean provided help<br />

with lhe openings. a subject on {hich he specializcs.<br />

He published a book on the NNDoRF<br />

v^RIAroN of the srcilhN DEFENCE in 1976 and<br />

Siuple Crds. a guide 10 lhe understanding of<br />

positional ideas, in 1978.<br />

Sax Srean Euopcan ream .hmpio.ship Mo*os 1977<br />

Sicilim Defe.ce, Nal,lorl vari. rion<br />

1e4d 2Nl3d6 3d4.xd,l .1Nxd4Nf6 5Ncla6 6Be3<br />

e6 7Bc2Bc? 314Qc7 s0.i0.1] l0s4Nc6 tts5NdT<br />

t2 15 Ndc5 13 f6 Bds 14 fxgT KXCT 15 Qd2<br />

1, . b5 (Bla.k sives up rhe excharye. loreleeing that<br />

Write\mksuillhavcftdcsopc.)16s6hxs6 1?Bh6+<br />

Kg3 1S BxlS Kif3 r9Nic6Qxc6 20Bd3 K37 21Nc2<br />

Bb? , Nf,l Bb6+ 23 Khl Rhs 24 Qgz Qd7 2s Rael<br />

Oe7 26OeJ Oh4 27h285 23Nh3 f6 29Re2Ns6 30<br />

Reel Bd4 3l c3 Be5 32Qxh1Rihl 33 Rhl Rxh3 34<br />

Kil3 Nf,1+ 35 Kg4 Nxd3 36Re2f5+ whire resigns.<br />

STEENII'IJr VARIATION, 393, sce DERLD.<br />

STEIN, ELIAS (1748-1812), Alsatia. who sedled<br />

in'ahe Ha8ue when young a n d became <strong>chess</strong> tu<strong>to</strong>r<br />

<strong>to</strong> the sons ol William V. thc last srdrholde. .f<br />

Holland. Ooe son becane (ing of Holland, the<br />

olher an Austrian Field Marshal.Ir waschiefly for<br />

thcsepupils that Stei. wrote r'vo uvel Esai sue k Pa<br />

d6 achect. atec des rdexio$ nilitaires .elatives n<br />

c. /'?,, publi+cd in 1739 <strong>The</strong> eighreenrh opeirns<br />

in lhe buok cories a note rhdr rt the onl]nnlnt<br />

opcns <strong>by</strong> pusbing his queen's pawn two squaresj<br />

you can.ot do betrer ihan <strong>to</strong> push the king s<br />

bnhop\ pawn tso squares (1 d4 f5), the line rhat<br />

becane k.own as thc DUrc! DEENCE. Two turlher<br />

editions ot Sreins book appeared in the l9th<br />

ce.tury. aid rhere were two translations inlo<br />

Dutch. both ofwhich had later edirions.<br />

Stein\ pupil Friedrich Wilhelm von Maulillion<br />

(1774-1851) said othinlhar hc deparredf.om this<br />

world an unconquered che$-playcribut he.ever<br />

met the greal French, Itali.d, orEnslish plaves of<br />

STEIN, LEONID ZAKHAROVICH 093+73),<br />

Soviet plal€r lroh the Ukraine, Inrernational<br />

Cmndmajer (1%21, rhree rmcsso! erch<strong>amp</strong>ro0,<br />

facrory worler anJ iarer J che$ protessonal. He<br />

made slov progre$ at fte starr ofnis ches ca.eer.<br />

Besidc\ hi\ lork a5 ! nlter he anendcd evennr<br />

cla$es <strong>to</strong> rmpru\e hrscdLcanon and therc w6 Llrt;<br />

iime <strong>to</strong> study the gane, but he inproved steadilyi<br />

inbis6rstUSSR Chanpionship, Moscow 1961, he<br />

aane thnd (+8=8 3) equal with GELER alter<br />

pEnosyAN and koRCHNor. In 1963, at his rhird<br />

artempt. he came 6Bt (+6:12 1) equat sirh<br />

sPAssKY and xrror,Mov, won the play oli (+1:3),<br />

and bec.me ch<strong>amp</strong>ion.<br />

Many successes follosed: Moscow 1964. a<br />

caresory r5 zonal bumamenl, second (+2:9-1)<br />

equalwitb uRoNsrEr N ailer Spassky i Yerev a n 1965,<br />

category t2j second (+5=7 1) .qual wilh Perrosyan<br />

(then wond ch<strong>amp</strong>ion) afi erKorchnoi; UssR<br />

Ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship. Tallinn 1965, caresorv 12, 6rst<br />

(+10:8-1) ahead of polucAEvso and {rREsi<br />

Kislovodsk 1966, second (+7=1-3) aner ceuer<br />

ahcad ofTALiUSSR Ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship. Tbilisi 1967,<br />

category r3, Rst (+8=10-2) ahead of Korchnoi:<br />

sarajevo 1967, n6t (+7=7-1).qual wirh rv{ovi<br />

Mos@r 1967, caicsory 14,6rsi(+6=10 1)ahead<br />

of sMysrov and Tali Kecskeb€r 1968. nrst (+9=6)<br />

two and a hall points ahead oI fie fieidi 'lallinn<br />

1969, E6t (+8=5) ahead olKercsiMoscoN 197r.<br />

category 14, firsr (+5=i2) equal wilh rupo!<br />

ahead of Snyslov, Pelrosyan, Tal, Spassty, and<br />

Korchnoir Zagreb 1972,6(t (+6-7)i Kisloro{jsk

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