chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

S'I'AUNTON 325
to rccruil Ameicans as soLdics lor the Crimean
War. an aclili1y illcgal nr the USA. Dapper,
deDonstrarivc. so.iable. lond oipuns but olhcr.
$hc an entenainidg conlc$.tionalhl , Stanley
ha.l: i)ndncss lor drnrk. Nhich made him e!e.
more loqu.cious Aftcr some hard drinking h.
revealed inlbinalion to an American rg.nli
linking rhe illcgal recruitmentwith Rrithh consular
srall{ith whom stanley was.onnccted. The resull
was a diplonatic brca.h. bul in spne oI his
indiscrerion he stayed in the USA. When Morph)_
arived in Nes York lor the lournancnt of 185,
Sranley qas considered ro bc the Ameican
charnpion. but atter rhe touirranrenl he lost a nalch
to Morphl nllhongh receiving odds of pawn aDd
nole (=l a) ID honoui oi thc tounger man
St.nley, sho had mafied in 1850, naned his
daughtcr ?aulina. and in 1859 he brougbt out a
book. o/pr-lr Mdr.n 6,,nes. TIe admiratio.
was nor mutual: Morphy sent his winnnrgs ftom
rheirmal.h to Mrs Stadleyw[osas insome need
'Stanleywouldhave drunkitallup'saidr triend. In
1859 Sranley pubhhcd Thc Cress Plalt \ ln tu.
,,rNhich was reprinted t*ice i. rhc sanre tear and
again in 1880 as De wrfr,4zeri.an Chett Munuol
Around 1860 Stanle, rcluned lo England where
he editeda chesscohnnin thc MdhchdterWeekb
Flpres ontl Guatulian (1860 62). Durins his
l7-yea. .bsence thc standard of pla! had gready
inproled nr Europe and he lailed to makc any
inpression eilher in narch or tournament Play.In
1362 he reh,rned i. thc tlSA where he losl a shon
march aCainst C. H. a.cNzIE (+1 2) in 1868,
alrer which he dhappeared liom thc chc$ scene.
an incurable aloholic Tnc last20years olhnlie
were spent in insdlutions on Ward s lsland and nr
9 Ob8+ Ke6 t0 Qes+ KI6 11 Qhri+ Kl5 12
oh5+ Kf4 li Qh2+
STAR-r'LIGETS, Lhe hur fl ight-squares diagonal
1! adioinins $e squarc occupied by a kingthat does
not strnd on the edse oi rhc board. (conParc
%
A sludy by LoMMER, D/eS.nwa6.. 1965. The rAs(
of sbowing suFniFhts is achicvcd with redarkable
econom! olforce. Altcr 1Ke3+ Kb3 2Rxh5(2
Oxh5? Oxh5 3 RxhS a2 dkq, 2 . . Oxfl 3
Rb5+ tbere arc four model oates
L . Ka2 I Nxcl+ Kal 5 Rbl, thc ARABI^\_
3. K.2 4 Nrr3+ K.l 5 Rbl.
STATIC FACTORS. thosc characterislics oI a
posilion lhatcan bc sccD witbonl ensideration of
the doles drat mighl follow. (sec .vALU^loN oF
sTAR cHEcKS. a conrinuous series olchecks lhat
nay be Cilen bl a queen h.m eight dilt€rent
dircclions, a dra*ing rcsotrr.e that occasionnlly
occun in fie endnrP Q + P !. Q.
A sudy by usraRyAN that won lifth pdze in the
Shal.nna,) v .tS.tF lourner. July Dec. 1938 I
Qh7+ Ke5 2Rd5+ Kg4 3Qh5+ Kr.1 4Oh2+
Ke4 5 Res+ Qxe5, and Black cannot cscape the
checks:6 Oe2+ Kd4 7 Oh2+ Kd5 8 Qb5+ Kd6
STAUNT'ON, IIOWARD (1810-14), the world s
leading platei in the 18,10s, fonnder oIa scsool oF
cEEss. pronoler of rhc world s 6rst inter.aional
chess rournamcnt. chess colunnnl and anthor,
Shlkcspcarian scholar. Nothing h knoNo for
..d3in ihont srsnnton s lilc bclore 1836. when bn
name aPPeds as a subsciber to Gieenwood
walkeis .!.L.r,o, of Ganer al Ch.$, a.tudl,
pldted nl Lahdot, b! the lote Ale ndd McDon
nc, Es4 He slales thlt hc Nas born i! westoor
land in the spring of 1810. lhal his lather\ namc
was william, rhar he aded with Edmund Kean,
raking the pan ol LatenTo in The Merchanr oJ
vcni.d, $ar he spentsome line al Orlord (bulnot
dr rhe u.ivemily) and caBe to l-ondon a,ound
1836. Other sourcessuggestthatasayoungmanhe
inhenred i snall legacy, married. and soon spenl
the noncI. Hc is supposed to have 6ccn bronght
up by his molher, bis ia$e, having lefi bone or
died He never conhadi.icd ihe suggestion tbal he
r',s rhe nalural son of the 6fth Earl oI Canisk. a
relarionship tbar mighr acounl for his lorename.
for the Earl s lamily nane was Howa.d: but tbe
story is {lmon cerrainly untrue, nol leasl beciuse
in allprobabilit! HowardStaunionpas nol his real