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SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh<br />
playei who becamc the youngest holder oI the<br />
lniern.tional Master title in Dec. 1980. when hc<br />
sas 15. He had. boweler, earncd thc liile at tbe<br />
age ol 14i, shcn he shared sevenih place at 1he<br />
HasnnSs rournameDl. l9?9 80. Also in 1980 hc<br />
look second place aier esPARov in rhc World<br />
Junior (under 20) Ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship. Sho achieled<br />
some international iame <strong>by</strong> winning rhe BBC<br />
Masler Gane rournament ahead oi L{RSEN and<br />
MnFs an elcnr that sas shovn on tclclhion in<br />
Austria. Germany. Greal Brilain, and S*nzer<br />
|and,1980 81.ln 19i12,lollowing a decision lo give<br />
up lurtber acadcmic sludies, he camc fitst<br />
(+6=2 l) cqual Mrh soRr in a suss sYsrEM<br />
Ansterdami a.d at Arnhen<br />
,^msrerdan 1983 he sharcd fiftb pLace and scorcd<br />
anotber GM norm (+5=4 2) in a SNks s],$en<br />
elenl. (Sec, (iALLt ruP.)<br />
SHORTEST CAME PROBLEM, or synlhetic<br />
gameproblem Th.re are two kinds: lo commcnce<br />
Iiom thc atray and <strong>to</strong> achiete a given I^s( in the<br />
Iewest numbei 01 movcs or <strong>to</strong> consfiuct lhe<br />
shorresr gamc lcading <strong>to</strong> a given nosilion. An<br />
ex<strong>amp</strong>le of the66t tlpeis <strong>to</strong> nnd$cshortestthree<br />
gamesinwhich dare is givcn <strong>by</strong> the pronodon ota<br />
pawn ro knight. bhhop, androokresPectively. Thc<br />
soludon:1d3e5 2b3 e4 3Kdzexd3 4Kc3d!e2<br />
5 Kb2 exdl=N (BN(o 1973)i 1c3 d5 2Qb3d,l 3<br />
Kdl dxc3 4 Kc2 cxd2 5Oc3dl=B(Benko1973)1<br />
1 f,l e5 2 1xe5 Bd6 3 exd6 Ki8 ,l dxcT Ne7 5<br />
This version ol a problem <strong>by</strong> sHrNoaN was set <strong>by</strong><br />
the British composer Waltcr Hood Thonpson<br />
(18711938) in the ar,tn, crds Masazine,Dec<br />
1933. Tte sollei is <strong>to</strong> nnd the shoitest game leading<br />
<strong>to</strong>thisposilion: I Nc3d5 2Nxd5g6 3Nt7b5 4<br />
Nxs6a6 5Nxh8Bd7 6NxflQg5 7Nxg5Nl6 8<br />
Nxi, Nc4 I NxiS Ncl 10 NxdT Nbl 11 NxbS<br />
(r l2Nxa6Kg6 l3Nxc?Kh5 14Nxb5Ra3 15<br />
SHORI GAME, a game conPleled in a small<br />
nunber ol Foves, say 20 or fewer, sonetim.s<br />
knoqn as a BiEvrn or a MINATUE. Amone lhe<br />
sh.te{ mdsrer BamLs rs R. F Combe-w. R.<br />
Hase us. Fotkc{one Ohmoiad lqlj. L d4 c5 2<br />
.4 .xd4 3 NA? e5 ,l Nxcs? (Exhausled ailcr a<br />
SHOWAI-TER 309<br />
game la(ing rvelle hotrs, White overlooks .<br />
FoR(.) 4 . . . Oa5+ White resigns. Tbe Scoldsh<br />
plater Robcn Forbes Conbe (1912-52) latcr<br />
bc.ame Britnh chanpion.<br />
SHORTHAND, Although suggestions for cbess<br />
shorthand have been nade irequcntly. lorlhe nosl<br />
pa ihesewerenethodsof abbrevialineanolation<br />
lhat was currently in use. Altenpls <strong>to</strong> introduce<br />
genuine stenography rere frrst made <strong>by</strong> Eugane<br />
Vignon in ac Palau ?d., 1845. C. B Bonel Gill,in<br />
rhe Brnnh <strong>chess</strong> Moqdzjne. 1a97, proPosed thc usc<br />
.r PiLn.n shorthand charaders. and otber variations<br />
h ave been suggeste d. Thc p roblen conPoser<br />
a.d aulhor B. G Laws. who lhroughoul hh<br />
business lifc used sbonhlnd- sls ol the oPinion<br />
rhar it had litde place i. cncss.<br />
SHORT-RANGFj PIECES' the knighr and the<br />
SHOWALTER, JACKSON WHIPPS (1860<br />
1935). Anencan player tnosn as the Kenruckl<br />
Lion alter bn birlhplacc and his mane oihair, and<br />
also perhaps on account of hn Phying srengthi<br />
leachcr. Successlul i. seleral national <strong>to</strong>u.na'<br />
mcnlsf.om 18881o 1894, Showaltcralso played at<br />
New Y.rl 1F39 America's 6nt inlernational<br />
<strong>to</strong>urnament- and. on lour vnits <strong>to</strong> EuroPe, in six<br />
maloi <strong>to</strong>unanenls abroad, lhe last ar Mu.ich<br />
1900. In rournamenls ar Cidciinati 1888, St Louis<br />
1890. and Lelinglon 1891 Sho$aher won tbe US<br />
Cha6pionship, shich lron tben until 1936 was<br />
de.idcd <strong>by</strong> match play. t1e losl thc title <strong>to</strong><br />
Lr6.lrrlz in 1892, iegaincd il from hiB in 1895<br />
(+7=3 4), lnd losi it <strong>to</strong> prLEBURy in 1897.<br />
Showaftcr played in nanl other natchcs in rhe<br />
l890s..oiably againsr rANowsF i, 1899, delealing<br />
him in tso lriendlt marchcs andtheninone iornal<br />
natchlorastakeol$250aside(+4=2 1).Ini900<br />
showaller <strong>to</strong>ok second place (+6=2 2) alter<br />
Lips.hntz ahead oi GisuLL in the Manhattan<br />
Club chanpionship. He then practically retired<br />
troo nasrer play. rclurning peiiodically add<br />
usuallyshen out olpractice.ln 1904 hc playcd in<br />
the Canbndge Springs <strong>to</strong>urnament, taking 6ilh<br />
placei in 1909 he lost a match lo Ma6halli fron<br />
1915 <strong>to</strong> 1918 hc played lhree matches and entered<br />
four Wcste.n chanpionship <strong>to</strong>urnamcnls. ainning<br />
the 6rst, Excelsior 1915i and he made isolated<br />
appearances in 1922 and 1926. Sbowalier nade a<br />
lcN uelul .ontributions <strong>to</strong> openings knoslcdge,<br />
the most lanous ot which is the cApABhNca<br />
fEErNc BNcuvRE. A genial matr, he {as oucb<br />
liked <strong>by</strong> hh conlemporanes: srEtNlrz. not an casy<br />
man ro behend in his latcr yeani remarked lhai<br />
Shoyaltei was o.e ofonl], six men iror qhon I<br />
Pillsbury Shor er th nath gadc 1397 Spaihh<br />
Opening. tse in Defen.c<br />
1e4e5 2N13Nc6 3Bb5Nf6 1{r0Nxe4 5d4tse7 6<br />
Oe2 Nd6 7 Bxc6 bxc6 3 die5 Nbr I N.3 rl0 10 Rcl<br />
12 Nl516 13Nxc7+ OxcT ll 14fxe5
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