chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

308 SHINKMAN
pay no artention to this gruesne prool oI his
succ.sstul bid for power until he had linished his
same. His so., ofrhe sane.ame (d.908). was one
ot tbe Poets whose works were edited by assnt,
wno gives the following poem.
O thou whos crri. sneeB expEss
Thc ccnsurc oI oui lavourilc .he$-
Its play distaction lion dinres;
ft counsels *adon in rhen d.
When dang.* rbicai, and poih prcsi
Add ynld. us. shen ve need rhem mon
C.mp ions ln our luneIoes.
SI!INKIIi,{N, WILLIAM ANTHONY ( 1847
1933), one oI the greatest l*o Amencan conpos
els of the 191h century. Sam royD N6 the olheri
bul Shinknanwas nore thorough in hiswork and
nore proli6c. He is credited with lheinvention of
the nrsl nulale Gee BLoc(), in 1877. wlile
European composers were largely concemedwith
DIEo GE orthodox problems Shinkman developed
the sELnAE and several new ideasr his
wd the principal influe.@ that kindled DAwsoN\
inlerest in r^ny moELrMs. Shinkman wasbrought
from Bohemia to the USA when he was sixilate.
he becane an insuran@ agent, . properly agent,
and, in 1893, City Clerk of Cmnd Rapids,
Mchigan, where he lived throDghonthis adull lifc
and to *hi.h he owed his nickname 'ihe wizard of
C'and Rapids. (see ANNrHrunoN; plcuNrNNt.)
A. c. \Nhite, The Gotdd Atsory (1929).onrains
600 probleds by Shinkman.
SEOGI, the Generals Game. is Japanesc chess.
Alihotrgh probably troh the sane acestor as
intemadonal chess shoei is unlike any other
regionalvariation. Tbe unchequer€d board h.s 9 x
9 squares. Each playerhas twentypieces (which, in
shogi. ircltrdes pawn, a@nged al rhe slari ol play
as lolloNs lron lelt ro .ight: 66t rank, lance,
knight, sitv6. gold, king, gold, silver, k.ight,
lanei semnd rank, a bishop on tbe second 6le, a
rook on rhe eightb frleithirdrank, ninepaMs. The
gold, si,v.r, and king were onginauy gold general.
silver ge.eral. and jewelled general hencc the
Generals Gane. The king is 6oved like a chess
king, the gold like a king but not to the two squares
diagonauy lo iis iear, the silver one squaredirectly
foN.rds or one square in any dia8onal dnection.
thetnightlikea chessknight(i.e. ilisa LEApER) but
only to the one or l*o squares tbal lienostnearly
sirai8ht ahead, the lan@ like a rook but only
forward and only on its own file. The paMs a.e
moved directly forward one squarc at a ride and
lhey capture in the sane way. A player has the
option olpromoting any piece. othei than his king
or golds, when they are moved into,vithin, or out
oflhe last three ranks: tbe pawns,lances. knights,
Shqi, the inilial aiiay shown on a pocket scl
andsilvers 6ay be promoted to golds: the rook and
bishop add the powe6 of ihe king to their ownbe.omine
coMurN.D prEcrs Captured piees
chang€ sidesr the caplor holdsthem in (ese e ( in
hand') a.d he nay, with some limitations, drop'
then ar any nne wbere bechooseson the board in
lieu of making a novei dropped pieces lose any
powe6 lhey may prerioustt, havc eained by
pronotion. The object of ihe gane is to checkmaie
rhe opponenfs king. Tbe special fearures ol
promotion and dropping hale i.fluenced the
design oI lhe nen. These a.e all ihe same shape,
thin, iat, and 6ve sided wirh one pointed end.
Ow.eship is determined by rhe way rhe piees are
placed o. thc board, ea.h player poinins the
pieces in his diredion ol play. The nature ol thc
piece is marked on the lace and its promoted
-v.reion on lhe reverse side.
BecaNe pawns lacins onc anothe! are mutuauy
en pr6c, strategy ol rhe kind lamiliar to playeB of
inlemariodal cbessis le$ in evidenceiand because
pieccs arc continually reappeanng, edd8anes in
the chess sense do not occur. tn A Baok ol Chels
(1973) c. H. oD. vho advocaled
shogi- said n {.s nore ^LEuNDEI. lactical and less positional
lhan ihe iniernalional same. Probablv no other
regional vanation n as poputd in its ountry !s
shogi. Anobstacle tonswideracceptanceisth€ use
of ideoCrans, nany bearing a narked resenblane
to rhose used in Chinese che$, to idenrily rhe
Piees, although Westemized pieces can be found
which sive the ioitial lerter (in Roman) oI each
piece and a symbol showine rhe narure ofih no!e.
Tbere are other versions. Tbe best knoNn is
Middle Shogi which uses a 12 x 12 board and 46
pieceson each sidc There are 1vo toms ot Gieat
Shoei, on a 13 x 13 boardsith 3,1pieces oron a 15
x 15 board silh 65 piees each. tnrger versions
have a 19 x 19board wnh 96 pieces each. ora25 x
25 board witn 1?7 pieces each.