chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

304 SELF,BLOCK
totne Lalinl"trz. Tbeauthor'srealname*asDuke
Auguslus oi Lnneburg. later Duke ol Brunsqick
(an ancestor of one of MoRpr('s opponcnrHee
TnENDD cAM4. A man of asionishing achievenenrs.
he entered lhe universny ol Roslock at the
age ol 14, soon gale an oration lasdng nca.ly an
hour. and aas made Reclor shortly alieBards. A
year lalcr hc moved to Tnbi.gen and was again
made Redor. Alter lwo yeas he went to the
AcadenyoiStrasburgwherehisbrolherFranzwas
Dean. Fron 1598 ro 1604 ne rrarelled almosl
continuously: he went to Padua. Florence, Naples,
Sicily, Malta. and aU the main courts ofGemany
in his n6r spelli by way of Belgiu6, he went to
attend the coronation oI James I ot Engtand in
1603 and then ro thc court of Henry IV ofFrance.
Hewas marriedthree rimes.lwice 10 pnncesses,
remarrying each tine *ithid a year ofhis previous
wile s death. Founder oI lhc famons Bibliotheca
Augusta in Wolfcnbnttel, he peEonally collecled
and linanced .ich addnions irom Gernany,
Fra.ce, Spain, It.ly, and Belgjun As Duke ol
Brunswicl he sas regarded as a good a.d wise
rulcr. He o€gotiated witb the Kaiser for the
renoval otoccupation hoops from woltcnbiittel,
which he made his rcsidence, r€bnilding the old
SDLF-BLOCK, an obstruction in the xrNrfs FrErD
by a man of the same colour. Tbe tern G mo.e
freqtrenlly used by conposers than by playe$.
SELI.MATE, lormerly suinale- a prohlen in
which While moves nst and iorces Black to
give mate, a stipulatjon indicatcd by lhe slmbot
siG+). The idea dales riom medieval tines.
A problen by pEr(ov that won n6l prize i. lhe
S.hd.h-E ro tourney.l9?3. After the key.1BI1,
the.earetsomainvanadons: 1...Ne3 2Ne6+
Kc6 3Qxds+Nxd5 4Nd4+k5 5Nc2+Kc6 6
Nh4+ Nxb4. and 1 ... Ne1 2 NxB+ Kc6 3
Nd4+ Kc5 4ltxd5+ Bxd5 5Ne2+Kc6 60c4+
Bxc4. In the second variadon the kcy. I Bfl,
beomes a .RrrrcAr MovE. and 5 Ne2+ an d r*r'R
(See ANNrsrLAroN. MAXTMUNMB. and thc problem
gilen under vr ADrMrRovr and compare REtsLtx
SELF-PIN, a conposer's term for a move that
places a 6an so that it becomes pinned in the
composeassense ofthe sord. i.e. Pinned againsla
SELF-STAIENI-{TE, the stalemate of a play€as
o*n kidg soughr inteniionally- the delender's aim
in sone kinds orhasic cndgame. (Se sAuMAE.)
For some ingenious sell-sialemates in sludies see
RUSNE(, EMrc PhY, ANd UN
SEMT.BENONI,22, properly called tbe BrochDE
VARhTION iN thE BENONI DEENCE.
SEMI-CLOSE CAME, an openine in wnich White
connencesld4andBlackdoesnotreplyl...d5.
SEMI-ITAIIAN OPEMNC. 494, atso known 6
the Lesser Giuoco Piano or Half Ciuoco Piano
Blackplays3. . d6inslcadof 3...Bc5.leading
ro play noiunlike that in rhe H
SEMI-MERAN, any oder move in the posilio.
where 6 dx.4intoduces rhe VERAN vARrarn)N.
68.
SEMI-OPEN GAME, an opening in Nhich White
plays 1 e.l and Black does not reply 1 . . . e5.
SEMI-SLAV DEFENCE,63 in rhe auEEN s GAMBTT
Declined. In rhis case, unlike so6e \e6i opcnings,
tbe lutl Sla! is played sith the added mole
. . Per-c6. Black th.eatens to caplure and to
defend, temporanly or otbesne. the ganbil
parvni tbus gaining active play on rhe queen-sside
1as, iorelanple, in the ABRAFAMS !AR'AToN.66).
white may loresiallthis ihreat by playingPe2-e3
which. hoseve., shurs in his dark bishop. Blacl
nay regard this as a sufiicient gain and play rhe
vARrAroN (76. ?7).
aimingto lree hh game br lhe advance oI his e- or
c-paNn. on tbeotherhand. and nore comnonly.
Black cbooses theconbativeMIRAN vARrAroN- 68
Whitc may forestau rhis line bt playine, lor
example. rhe ^NrlMEtuN
GAMBTTorrhe u*SEALL
The Semi-Sla!. mcntioncd by sarrro, was
almosl ignored unril plomoted by csrGoR'N a.d
ALdrN in the 1890s, but popul.r aeeptance came
only in lhe 1920s. (Scc nLc(ASF-s.)
SEMI-TARRASCMARTATION. 85 in rhe
auEEN s cAMBn Declined. a line that al one rimc
often ransposed to thc main line ol the TARRAS.H
DEFENCE. 56, io which Black delends an tsoL^rED
auEEN s p^NN. The udlonunate prelix was added
when nasters found that the continuadon 5 cxd5
Nx(s led to a ga6c wilh chaiacleristics difierent