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SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank openines lor Whitei but more sielincant and equally pemanenl Nas tbe inlro ducionolnanynewdeiences forBlack. Nolodger was it bcliclcd rhar afly reply ro 1 e4 other than I . . . e5 oranyreplyto 1 d4orherlhan 1 . . d5was The cenrre oi world chess noved to the Sovier Union in rhe 19.10s. An carlyde,elopmenlNas the cmphash pla.ed on mobility. Tarrasch had believed lhat a player who bad Ereater nobilitl could playsrhar hispawn we.knesset sould not c.ne under fire and this idca was rcstatedr a wcakncss h noiaseaknessilitcannotbe atlacked. On this view some new opening variadons were introduced ln the BoLEsLAlsu vARrAroN oI the sicilian Defence )llack lcales a hole on d5.In the DorEshls and BRoN srtrN pioneered a nove ior Black (... c6) lhal 'weateni tbe squ.re d6bul reviralizes rhe dcicnccl Black relains mobilly for his paNns across the board. an impressive vindicaiion of Pbilidor\ ideas. (see WEANE$.) These and nlny otber innovations pere designed to offer Bia.kcountcF plar, but nol sirhout slighl risk. (For the same reason and with omparable risk Tarrasch had adlocatedand played the rARRAscn DErtrNcE to the ouE.N's {;AMBrr.) ,{ playcr with a different style, sMrsro!, introduced rhe sMrslo! v^{arro! (193) oIrbe G nield Delence- a line otplay thar would nol hare been out ofplace in rhc rcpcrtoirc ol a hypcrmodcrn player. cRpov. sodd champion fron 1975. plays in a style nor unlike lhal oI Capablanca, whose play acording 10 I-aslier was the highesl development of Steinilz\ ideas. (oRcHo. the other hand. has been compared to "_or, Sovier playes hale nadc ereat contri6utions to the game. Like othe. playeBollhe line lhey have b u ill on the vork oI their predecessors, borosing ideas lrom nany sources. Tlev believe they hale a nalional\chool'basedonthcgamesandlcachings ol Chigodn, bul the time lor schools has passed. The manner in {hich a maslerplays depends less uponNhcre he livesrhan upon his individual styl.. SCHULZE.M[]LLER GAMBIT. 529, tbE IUSE SCIIWARTZ DEFENCE,28, a dubious vanadon in the ouEEN S cAMBrr Acc!reD that sas published in Le Palanade,1842. and nn ribnled ro wilhelB Schwartz (18r6-1912) or Livonia. SCIIWAIZ. ADOLF (1836 1910), Hungananbom playe. who settled at vien.a in 1812, merchani. He Nas active id tournament play for about ren yeaE iron 1873, and achieved bis besl resdl ar Wiesbaden lS80whenhesbarednsrprizc with BT.ACGURNE and ENclrscs. In match play Schwarz deleated MrNc(w, in l87s (+3=4 2), wNAwER in 18t0 (+3-1), and Arbin id 1897 (+2:1-l) Hc played at Graz 1880 Nben his nephcN Jacqnes Schpaz (..185G1921) aho competed, and rhe onl)r Bane J acques Non was againn his uncle, who shared 6rst pnze {nh MrN.kurz SCORE OF GAME. a record of tbe moves of a gane. Article 13 olthe FIDE rules requnes cach phyer to keep a record otthe moves as t[e Sane proceeds Thn requncment may be *aired ior a playerin limclrouble prolidinB he keepsa noteol rhe number of moves Played, but meanvhile he loscs hh rigbi to ctair a draw by iEPErrrror oF p.srrr.N .r under thc rFry-MolELAw- aid as soon as the rimc-control is reacbed he must make good his score. FIDE recognizes only STaNDARD Nora rroN. bul its use is nol mandatory. SCORE SHOEI, a lorm. usuallyprinted. onNhicb thc moves oi a Bame have been or na! bc .ecorded. (see p. 302.) SCORING, A playei usually s.ores I lor a win, I for a drar and 0 lor a los. Modern comPetnile play began in the carlt years of the 191h century vhen draNs were cuslomarily iAnored A match {ould be won by the Player who li6l scored an agreednunberof qinsorshoscoredthe mostwins $ben a set number oI games was played. Wirh rhe advenr oI ArL-pLAy-^rL toutuaBenls draws became oI more conseqlence. At the Lo.don internation.l tournanent ol 1862 drasn ganes {ere annullcd and ihe contesranrs were required to play another game. Sinillriuleswerc uscdinsome other tournamenrs that lollo$ed, but gndually fashion changed and draws were counted.s halfr poinl Drawn eames remained udpopular witn the chess public and at rhe end of thc ceniury a fe} sconng synens were deviscd 10 d is cou rage dra*. At laris 1900. lor exampte. a dr.w counted as a quarter oI a poinr lor each Player and a sc.ond gane sas played to determine thc allocation ol a lunher half point. The fashion lor such devices soon passcd. Draws aparti crnics have regarded thc basic scoring system as too crude and many AUxrLt^Rt scoRNc MErtsoDs havc been devised lo meer a variery ol needs. SCOTCT( CHESS. see p*@REssrvr crEss. SCOTCH IOUR I(NIGIITS CAME, 463, 523, combination of the sorcB GAME and the rouR SCOTCII GAMBIT, 512, the most-playcd variaiion oi the scorcs GAME duri.g irs heyday. The Gambit may have been discovered before the Game: around 1590 polE{o reconmendcd a 'neN openingin order to vary the game occasionally r I e,l e5 2 d4 exd4 3 B.4 Nc6 4 NB. scoTcEGAME,509. Noted briefly by DEL Rro i. 1750. this opening was taten up by.ocdtuNt who reconnended nsuse by rhc London Chess Club in
302 SCREEN CHESS a correspondeDce match against the Edinburgb Chess Club, i824-8. Seeina rhe efleclilene$ ol this opening- rhe Edi.bureh pl.ycs uscd ii looi thctwonthe nratch and gare lheopening itsname. The Scorcb Game. u$'ally in ns Cambrt lorn (above), renained popular lbr more rhan20yeaB. and rAENrsc! could Nrite in l84l rhat it Nas the slrongcsl of ali opennrgs. Since lhe 1850s non players hale prefer.erl the sPANrss oPENING,35L (see pAwN roRMArroN. pERpEruaL cnrc( ) SCREEN CrlESS, see kA\DoMrzED csEss. SEA-CADET MATE. a !.rion ol Lrc,\rl s M,!rr which Nas armnged as a display ol living ches in Act II ol Dcr Se?ka.l€,, rn opereua by Gcnac and ZeU (1876): 1e4e5 2 Ni:l Nc6 3 d4 ctd.l .lc3 drc3 5 NxcS d6 6 Uc4 Be,1 7 0-0 Ne5 8 Nxe5 Bxdl 9 Bxfl+ (e7 l0 Nd5 mare. Tbe moves oi thh game. conducted on st!8e by Ouccn Ma.ia Franziska oiPonue.l..re rhose olafricndlyeanre won by FATKn.FR at Vicnnain 1847. The operetta sls pcrlormed during lhe inlemational tourn. meDt held al Bamen in 1905. SEALED MOVE. a move wdtten doqn and seiled i. an enlelope vhen a gane is adjoun'cd, a practice inLroduced ar rhe Parn tournamcnl l8?8. Tbe Bove is bnrdingon the player and not known 10 hh opponent. Il either plxyer nnallses durnrg adjounrnent he Bust do so as if it $ere hh opponenas lurd ro play. lhc pracrice of sealing moves is nonnal inall individual compelilions, bul may bc relaxed lor ream evenrs dunng bricl adjournnenrs sucb is tea Drcaks. ArLicles 15 and l6oithcFIDEruleslaydorvnthe proccduics. When the lime allowed lor a playnre scssioD has elapsed lhe pl.Ier whosc lurn it h to play decides upon andscah hh move: iI he nakes a mole o. thc hoard rhat is the move he dus! seal Thc number of ihe mo!e. {he posilior- thc clock rinrcs. the contesrantJ nanes. a.d*hosc move G Scor shcct topt by L sen (dror?) and sosonko duins Lo.don 1930: lhe effech or sho*! in the detdoriion oI
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The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
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DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
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The objecr, morc often than no1, n
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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
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DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
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nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
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entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
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EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
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A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
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chess ser and sood became deeply ab
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Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
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seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
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Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
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FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
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GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
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trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
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cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
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GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
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2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
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Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
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conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
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HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
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KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
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FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
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LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
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MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
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N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
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was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261: tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263: ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265: %z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267: twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269: publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271: E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273: Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275: The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277: (li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279: PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281: Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283: RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285: RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287: RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289: 1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291: A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293: stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295: naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297: Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299: ...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301: s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303: In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305: SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307: Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309: anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 312 and 313: sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315: lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317: SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319: SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321: SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323: the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325: i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327: Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329: man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331: SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333: A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335: S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337: about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339: 1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341: oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343: STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345: striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347: clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349: yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351: TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353: Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355: % 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357: A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359: A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
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TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
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.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
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Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
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AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
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in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
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lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld