chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

298 SCHMIDT
playi.g a.hicvcnrcnt camc in 1968 shcn tfic chcss
clnbolhh bomerown,Banberg.celebrared itsone
hundredlh amivesary by organizing. loumanent
ot eight leading Gcrman playen and cighl forcign
masteN. Schmid sco.ed +6=8 i and sbared
secoDd prize with PtrRosrN (then world champion)
alter rueES ahead or uNzrcER and nrc!.
Scbmid plaled lor wesl Gcrmany in eleven
Ollmpiads lrom 1950lo 197,1and in many olher
He mieht have been more successiul in play had
he not pursued so nany other activirics. Besidcs
ildily and busnrcss duties be is active in ches
oreanizationi notably baving been chiei arbner tor
the worldchampionship marchesoll9T2and 19r8.
a task requiri.g greal tact and patience. Al one
tine he plarrd cotrc+ondence ches: he won the
Dyckhoff Meno al loumamenr (195+6) *nh the
remarkable score oI13 wins and2drass. andtook
second place (+9:3 2) cqual with ENDztrL'Ns
alter RAcozrN in thc second World Corespon
dcnce Chess Chanpionship, 195G8. Acoiledorot
chess paraphernaha and books, he nls the larEesl
pnlare chess library in lhc {orld
SCIIMIDT, PAUL FELIX (1916 ), Estonian
born player, lnrernatio.al Mastcr (1950). Hc was
boin in thc same pla.c, NaNa. andinthe samerear
as Paul GRES and lhey became nvaL. In 1936 a
nalch between fien sas draM (+3=l l)anda
!e.rlater Schmidtwon lint prizc ( +5=1- l) ahcad
olFr oHR, Kcres, andsridLBERcina toumament at
PenN. AltereradualingatTallinn in 1938Schnidl
wenr ro Gernany. and there he woi the German
OFen championship in 1941 after a play-ofi wilh
ruNc: (+l=1) and competed in several other
rournamenrs. norably coning iirsr (+8=1 2)
eqnal wnb aLEcrN!, Crac.w warsas 1941 He
studied at Heidelbcrgaltcrthc Sccond World war.
spccialized in chenistry, and gained his ?h.D. in
naturalsciencesinl95l Ayearlaterbeemigrared
to the USA. pur$led a careei in indusrry, and gave
up competitn chcs. (Scc s{c ncE.)
SCHMIDT ATTACK. 4,18, vaialion in rhe poNz,ANr
opDN,Nc recomnended in D.utsche schach
:rr!r9,1879, by Eugen von Schnidt (1821 1905),
an Esro.ian aurhor and psychologist Nho setled
SCHMIDT VARIATION, 52, srandard line in fie
sc.or.r CAML. analysed by E. von Schnidt in
SCEMID !'ARLATION.21 in the B.NoNr DEFEN.EI
670 in the ALEKETIE DEENcr.
SCHOLAR'S MAlll, a nate given by a queen
wben n captures an opponenfs unmovcd l-pasn
early in rhe gamc, c.g. 1 c4 e5 2 Qh5 Nc6 3 Bc,l
d6 4 Qxf, mate. A.rbur Saul. in Ir. adu@s
Gor e of ch$s? ptar 1t614), said ir is a schollcs
matej but there n no nan oI judgemenr ii
Chesse play witl rake such amalc;itmaybc.allcd
dlso a rre.chcro$ maler lor othesne it sere
unpossible a King should be delivered into rhe
hands ol his enemyes. wirhout fie lo$e ol somc
men. unlesse fie . . Ki.gs poNcr qould make
sleepe a delence lor treason. and so sufier then
KinC ro bc taken before rhe] vould rake any
SaHOOI-S OF aIIESS. The sord s.hool is
un.le.stood ro nean agroupolthycnsho share a
conoon vicN regarding the strateey ol lhe (mod
This began in 1749 when pnnrDoR publishcd hh
AnalJe du ieu des ach.cs. Before his lime many
Mite( had eilen usetul hintson play, but ?hilidor
qas the 66t to discuss indeuil the stralegyoithc
game as a*holeandthe frslto apprc.iafc thatplal
ol the pieces and pailns is closely interelated
throlghoutthe gane. For lour ictilious ganes and
ten back games he gives copious middle gamc
annotations shoNine ho{ the pawn lormalion
relates to and largely shapes rhe strategy He
helievcd rhat maintaining mobility oI the pa*n
lormation sas the nost inportadt posnional
(strategic) Iactor, and he discusses 60rar.D.
DouBr.FD, and uAc(rvARD PAsNs. and .AwN rsr.{Nos.
indicating that tbe strenSth or *eakne$ oI
such leatures depends oo Nhetherlhe! inprove or
inpair the colieclive mobilityofthc pasns. Picces
snould not obsnuct the pawns bur should suppo
them lrom the rear. He warns ot the prem.rure
adlance ot pavns that nay subsequently lack
adequlte suppoil and he disc
ADE. rRo.HrLAx$j aod Postrro\_^L s^.Rtrr.E. The
openings he chose all beg.n I e4 e5 and were no1
rhe Uesr ro. his purpose whlteler opening 1s used
(andnoresuirableones hadyctto bcdevcloped) ir
h not always feasible lo set np a game in $hicb
pawn play predominates in tbe manner sbown in
his iltustrative 8aoes. These otten end wilh a
l)halana olpasns pcnclrating dccl) into thc cncmy
ranks. not a likely occur.ence in play. Probably
Philidor never believed that such pawn advances
wereoltenpo$ible.burbewantedlo shosbow the
lawns th.mselvcs could bc an .flcctivc scapon oI
HG eanes Bere cndcized by DEL Eo on tso main
gourds: that the defence is often 6ade 10 pla!
seak moles in thc opcnings andthat altcr I c4 c5
Pbilidor considered 2 Ni3 infenor. ln the second
ednion oi his book (1777) Philidor slares, as il ir
sere obvious. that ihc veak moves werc eiven
inlentionallysothat hemigbtshow'ho* the paMs
should be plaled in a variery ol djfieredt snua
doni. He admlh that it is somelihcs belter to
dcvelop thc king\ knight in irontolthe f-pawn bur
adds lhal ilpossible this pawn is betlerleil free to
erlend or support the pasn centre. He does not
olhe isc re.ant bnt as il to provc his poinr adds