chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around thc bcginnine
ol rhe l9rh cc.lury. Ccorge Hope Verney
(ltr42 96), an asiduous expennenler with un
orthodor games, devised three and lour handed
iorns oliound ches snh 4 x 24 and 4 i 32 spa.es
respectivcly- !ndpublished these in hn book Cress
'lhe nrodern equiralent oI a round board, used
onllbyconPose6-iscalleda.YLIND.RuoaRD. l he
ga6e de$ribed in th. {r HrNs) Ms as Los Escaques
isan astroDonical gameplayedon a cncuhrboard.
and has nocoDnection witb chess desPite ns nafre.
ROUND-ROBIN, an Americln rerm. app,rcndy
basedon amisunder*a.ding.lor anrLL{,l\y'^LL
ROUSSEAU GAMDII.496 Eugine Rousscau. a
banL cashier bt prolession and a ong player.
practiscdvith sArNr-AMrNr and (rs*rz(Y belore
emigraiingto NeN Orleans. There in 1845 he net
sr^NLE innatcb play and nr one ol1hcn gam.s h.
tried lhis dubiors Cambit (which stems iiom
ROYAL OPENIN(;. 227. an old Danre for dre
ROYAL PIFjCE! a rArRy pRoBr-EM piecc t|at rctains
its nonnal poNeB ol noling but may bechecked,
nrared, or stalenated. The nin in d problem mny
be to checldare orstalematc thtpicceinsteadol a
ROYCROFT, ARTHUR JOHN (192' ). EN8
lish slud) codposer .nd author. Inrernltional
Judse or Chcss Compositions (195!). .on,rutcr
systcms analy(. In 1965 he lounaed E6. a
quarterly publication vhich bec.ne the lvorld's
llrs1 lnd only long runnnrg maeazinc dcvored
wholly to studies. HG lesr Lbc C[.s 11972). rltbest
Enghh language eu e to the an ol $udies.
was relised and republished as The (he{ Erul
Bdm? &dr (1981). Studies are commonl"v .1a*
si6ed bl means ol the crR .oDE oI rvhich he sas
RUBINSTEIN, AK]BA KIWELOWICZ (1882
1961). International Grandnaner (19s0), one or
rhe world\ best lbur plalers kom lhour l9a7 ro
1922. l hc youngcst oltaclvc.hildren, hc was born
al Stawkki. aPolishborderto*nthetr inRusia. Al
the age ol 16heteamed che$ rnd he devoled the
resr.lhisliletorhe gamc,{round l'101 hcm.rcd
to L6dZ shere he met s^Lwr sith whon he plated
marches, drawing the lirst (+5=4 5)indsinninC
rhe second (+5=2 3). ln 1905 RubiNtci. sharcd
6rsr prizc itr ihc Banncn rALprl!RNrERi his nraster
career began, and he soon nade sereral ercelLent
achlevemeors in najor rounramcnh Cansbad
1907. Iirl (+12=6-2) ahead ol M^R6.zyi L6di
1908. 6rs1 (+6=7 3): St leteAburg 1909. 6rst
(+12=5 1) equ wnh LAscRr S.n Sebastiln
RUBINSTEIN 28]
l!l l, secoDd (+,1:10) alter opABLANca iherd oi
s.HrL.HrER and rARuscEr c.rlsb.d l9l l, second
(+12=10 l) elual with Schlc.hter afte|E,.H-
MAN\ Durlng thcse years Rubinstein also won an
All-Russiarournamenl. L6dZ 1907 8, andnatches
asainn IARSSALL io l90il (+,1=l-l), r.sEs in
1109 (+s=2 3). and FLAMBLRo in l9l0 (+4=1).
I. l9l2 Rubinsenr Non lour m tor evenls: San
sebastinn. caresor! 1l (+8=q 2) ahcad or
Schlechteri tiell'.ny (+12=1-l) ahead ol
S.hlechreri Brena! (+9:6-2) a lie sith DlMsi
and Vilnius. *hen he defeated ^LIGINE
l*ice: be
.k. wnn, minor nn,msmcn I Wa^aw Bccausc
ol rhese five lidories 1912 $as.alled tbe Rnbinsteinyear.
Histournamenl record lor the six years
1907 to l9l2 was better thnn thrt ol rny odrcr
masreriar one lime ornn.rher hc had met lhe best
te. o. eleven playc$ and he had a minus score
.gninsr only one (Mrjczy). Rubi.stein ioiv
cnlllcnged Lasker to. Batch lor thc Norld
championship and alier long ncgotialions thh was
scheduled Ior fie autumn ol 191.1 Belore the
requned ina.cc ($2,500) had been raised Lhe siear
Si PeteNburg lournamenl of 191,1 took flace.
Rubinslein lailed hadl! Nhilc Laskerwon narowly
rhead ol CapablaDca. the rest ol rhe lleld far
6.hind Rnhin\i.ln s.h,n.es,,f r mrlch lidedrnd
then dnappeared when the Firn World wlr began.
RecommeDcing his .areer nr 1918 he delealed
Schlechier in march plal (+2=:l 1). Besides
Laskerand CapabLanca hc hadtoconi..dNhh two
ncw aspnanh to the Nodd title. Alekhine and
BooolruBow lle deleared BoSoljubo\r in 1120
(+5-3 4), Bon ftsl ptue (+7=2 l) ahead or
Rogoltuboq at liibcrg 1921, and {on nrt pize
(+9=s) ahead or Alekhine and BosoljuboN al
Vienna 1922: thislan Bin and hissharedNin atSr
Iereisburs 1!09 sere his lq. arcat.st a.hicrcmcnrs
Rubinstein .halL-nged Capablanca. who
hadNonrhetitlein 1921. and aereed the tems. but
funds *ere dor iorrhconins. He sas nos 4lr, and
iusr s his prosreds bclorc thc war had bccn
ovc6hadoNed b_v those of CapablaDca so they
*ere norv dimmed by those ol Alekhine.
Rubinsreins subsequedr achievenents in 20
nnernaiional tounramc.s in.ludcd only tro !ic.
lories: \larie.bad 1925 (+9:4 2). shared wilh
N'MzoilrrscE, and Rogaik! slarina 19t29
(+9=5 l) Orher prizcs n,cludcd r s.cond
(+ l0=9 l) aftcr Alckhinc at Baden-BadeD 1925,
a thnd (+6=1 2) at DEsden 1926. a \econd
(+7=5 t) alrer capablanca .r Budapesr i929,
aid a rl'ird (+9=2 .1) ah.r alckhi.c and Nimzosits.h
ar San Remo 1930 Rubinstein plared lor
Poland in Ihe Olympiads oI19:10 and 1931iin 1910,
when hiscounrrl son th.eold mcdal, hcflaycd in
crcrymat.h and hh S8.2perceDtscoreof +13=,1is
the best result eler made at 1i6t board. (Higher
percenuge scores suhsequc tly achi.rcd $*c
madc againsr sclc.lcd opponenc ) Rubinsrein
retned in 1932 alter alilelnne olprolesional chess
that brought hin lillle re$ud rnd a Iund Bas raned
on hishehrllin 19ll He retiined .n iniere{ in the