chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

naring continuation rhat v.s nol available
t%& ffi'*
'fr ffit%z
ru v&.
w w %lil
The pioneer problem by lhe English .omposer
Henry EdNin Kidson (1832 I914).Cass.ll\ Fa i
4 Par,a.1858.ItWhi& were to play 1 Qh8? {irh
tbe idea otcondnuing2 Oxb8 or il1 . . . Rxh8 2
Nxb7. Black Nould .eply 1 ... 816+ I.stead
whitc fi6r decoys Blacks daik bishop 1 Qh2+
Bl,l (iI 1 . Nt4 2 Ohz) 2 Ohs. and il2 . .
Be5+ 3 Rc3, a mate ihal isnoR possible b.cause
rhcrc is a self-block at e5.
In Dpu^rh^ wo4tn\.hn.h. 1905. rcHrz rnd
rccrcL(oRN publhhed a problem showidg rhis
themc which ihey named h honour ol Augusto
Cugliemetti (186+i936) of Romc, founder a.d
editor of Fivd,a 5t ..lnrrd Ldlan,. Subsequent
l, the Roman thcme was deleloped in a Nide
varicty of fo,rns. (For anotber exanplc sce lhe
problenr by RESM lnder pRour..M Hrro(!.)
RoMI vARlATlON. 67. line in the olEENs
cAMBn Declined tavoured by the Ilalian player
Massiniliano Roni (1893-1979) bur kno*n beiore
his tine, hlving bceD played.lor eranple- in thc
g.m. Vidmar Marshall, Carlsbad 1911. (See
ROOX, rbe najor piece represenred by lhc lctt.r R
or the liguiine E. a r rNr-prE.E thar h nroved along
ranks and 6les. On ao olhieNise enply board n
atracks 14squares. (Fora special rook\ movc sec
cAsrlrNc.) ln lbe arrly whitc s rooks stand on al
,nd nl Black\ on a8 and h8.
ROSENTRETER GAMBIT 285
Until the new queen s movc Nrs inhoduced in
ihe l5th cenrury the rook was the most powcrlul
piece and aplayer attacking it was expecled to calt
check rook. The naoe cones Iron the Sanskrn
/zrAd,a.nariol,lh,oughPerianandArabicrut .
Mosl European languages adapted lhe word by
bonopbony lhrough the ltaliad r,..? neaning
loser, which Nas thus hanshtcd. Thc only
language other than English lhal uses a dnect
i.anniteration islcelandic. withrrdi,r. ln English
speaking ountries non players sonerimes call i1a
castle, bur ail spc,k oI .astling. Excepl ior that
novc thc poweN ofthe.ookhave been unchaneea
throughout the known hinory ol ches.
ROOK ENDTNG, an endgame with kings, rooks
(or a rook). Bith or Birhour Pawns.
ROOK PLAYER, a player who would expect to
rcccive odds ola rook lrona6rstclassopponent, a
classincation somerimes used in the 191h century
ROSE, a line-piece inlenled by the French con
poser Roben Meign.dt (1924 ) in 1968 and
n\ed in FArRy pRonrFMsl it n moved lite a
NrcnmrDrRblron a. octago.al path. Forexample,
on an otheMhe empiyboard a.ose ata4could be
noved by way ol b6. d7, 16. 9,1, f2, d1, b2 to a4,
ns surdng pointr it colld aho be moved on this
palh anti-clockNisc: oi it could be moved on the
palhs a4 b6 a8, a,1 c5 d7. a,l c5 e,1 12.
a4 c3 el 16 e8.anda4 c3 dt
ROSENTITAL, SAMUEL (183? i902). Polish'
bom playerNbo sexled in Pans in 186.1lo becone
d tourdahr ind .he$ reacher. H. playcd in six
imporra.l marches, losnrE thcm aU cx.epl one (a
delcat of wrscR in 1871. +3=4 2), and he
enieredaboutsixtournanents.Alviennr1873he
looktourth placeafter sENrrz. BLACKBUnNE. and
aNDERSSEN ahead olL. pAlr seN Rosenlhal\ besr
pcrformancc. hoacrcr, was his eighth place at
London 1883. when .early all the world\ best
players were aoong fie conpetitors Eerhengave
up scrious play in favourolwitine articlcs, editing
chess .olumns, and teaching Steinilz wrcle rhat
Rosenthal was the only chess proie$ional oI hn
rifr e who carncd a good living- alcraging 20,000 Ir.
aDnuallylorlhe last l0 yea6 of his lile.In 1898 he
sued one ofhis sludents lor lo$ ofea.nings wben
his conrracl was terminated: rhe Tribunal!tSeine
aNardcd him only 1.500 fr. ol thc 25,000 hc
ROSENTHAL VARIATIO\! 612. outmodcd say
of delending rhe nEsERrrz(y c^MBrr. 6$t pub-
ROSENTRET ER GAMBIT, 606, old variatio. in
tbe (Nc s carBrr Accepted. adlocated in 1882 bt,
rhe Gernrn ainy caprain Adoll Rosenrerer
(184.1 1920) Thislambit (like theQIAADEGAMBTT)