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26,1 PRINCESS<br />
Sra,ra,e. anonthlynagazinewhich he edned unril<br />
1875 His son Nuna Preri (1841 1908) succeeded<br />
hin and NN lolloqcd <strong>by</strong> Hetui Dehne (1860<br />
19,11), sho qas edi<strong>to</strong>. Lom 1908 until the naedine<br />
ceased publicalion in 1940. J. I- Preri was<br />
co-aurhor Nitb DURAND of Srtuttgie ranannie dd<br />
lN de Partie (181\1).<br />
PRINCESS, an unorthodox piece that combincs<br />
thePowers ollhe bishop andknighl. A piece with<br />
similar powe6. used in some lorms ofgrear <strong>chess</strong>,<br />
was called a centaur <strong>by</strong> .^mrM in 1617 and a<br />
*^zrR accordine <strong>to</strong> an l81h cenxuy Persian ma.u-<br />
PRINS, LODEWIJK (191! ), Dutch player,<br />
lnternarional Gkndnasier (1982), Internarional<br />
Arbilcr (1960), national ch<strong>amp</strong>ion 1965, lecturer<br />
at a technical university. Hc ,laved in 12 OIvn<br />
piads consecutively f<strong>to</strong>m 1937 <strong>to</strong> 1968 and *on<br />
sone minor inremadonal <strong>to</strong>umanenrs lrom 1947<br />
io 1954. Prins aho wrote nany books and a icles<br />
on<strong>chess</strong> His .r d.,t.nualfte.st.6 a, Orloxspal<br />
(194)), apopularinsrructionalbookinitstime, was<br />
translated nx. English and enftled ,lasr./ Crcsr<br />
(1950). with EL$E hc Nrole Het S.haakphenoneen<br />
Cupablanco 11949)i ane ol thc best books<br />
aboutlhcClbanwoildch<strong>amp</strong>ion, itwas translated<br />
in<strong>to</strong> German as Capablr,.a D6 Schochphiin.-<br />
men (1952)<br />
PioBLN. and PRosrw sr<br />
PRODLEM HTSTORY. <strong>The</strong> earliesl knoM pRoB-<br />
LEMS date from tbe 9th centurv whcn composes<br />
made use ol lactical devices such as sauAREand<br />
rNr.Rr.RENcEa so.uloNs<br />
usually orsisted oi a series ol checks driving the<br />
enemy king io its doon.In Eurcpe some compos<br />
crs sought rcoNoMy ol iorce, provided non<br />
checking keys. addcd vARrarroNs, ioyedsith rArRy<br />
pFoBrEMs, and invenred a neN fo.m. thc srLFM^rtr.<br />
(For problems of the old gane see uNstr!^ and<br />
MED'EVaLrRoBLEMs.) whcn rhc modcrn samewas<br />
inl.oduced, ..1475, conposeB lailed <strong>to</strong> see the<br />
ractical possibilities available <strong>to</strong> them bt the<br />
prcscncc olnca kinds oI r.rN.-pr.cr and tended io<br />
revert <strong>to</strong> an earlier style in which maicNaslorccd<br />
<strong>by</strong> a single line ol play consining oI checks <strong>The</strong><br />
problen ai1 nade htle progress until the l9th<br />
I. the ls30sincreasine numbcn ofpcopl. began<br />
<strong>to</strong> tike an interen in all brancbes of<strong>chess</strong>. Soon<br />
\.wsPAP.R coruMNs and MAcAzrNEs provided a<br />
.eN outlet for thc composer\ Nork.<br />
PRINS VAXIATION. 189, line in tbe GRUIFEo<br />
DEFTNCE ,layed in the gane Kmoch Prins, Am<br />
PROBLEM, a composition accompanicd <strong>by</strong> sr-<br />
PULAroNs. Provided forrhe solver. stating rhar onc<br />
sidc h <strong>to</strong> givcnate or achieve sone other ainr in a<br />
sel nunberolmoves. andstatingorimr,lylngwhich<br />
side is 10 move 661. As a conseqDcn.c of the<br />
stipulations the sliategy oI lhe gane ceases <strong>to</strong> be<br />
relevani. On thc other hand a problemin can<br />
achiele tactical effects that would bc nost unlikel!<br />
io occur io plali: he nay place thd men whcrc hc<br />
choosesi hc mayconstructposirionsrhar would nor<br />
happen in play bccausc rh. disparirl, in forces<br />
world have induced resignation Long betbte: and,<br />
most inporhnriy, he need not p.event solutions<br />
that takc more than the set nunber of nor€s Also<br />
henayinventboards, mcn, andruleslbreiEd<strong>to</strong> the<br />
gane. In fiese sereral ways p.oblcms have becone<br />
scparated lroB play <strong>to</strong> atr extenl nor parauclcd in<br />
other gamcs. (Forexaople, rhe che$equivalenlol<br />
d bridge problem would bc a srlDr, not a<br />
Thc composer endeavoua lo conpose a souND<br />
problem. oncthatcanbe solledonlvinlhemanner<br />
he intends sithonl coorc ormajor DUALS. His idea<br />
orilssertingshould beoriginalsorbat hc Davavoid<br />
ANn.rPArroN. <strong>The</strong> relative inportance of variet,<br />
Ge v^{^r'o."s md H'sr, EcoNo!ry, andsolvins<br />
dimculrt depend upon lashiol or laste (See rArR!<br />
A ptublenr <strong>by</strong> DiRvn r.., Le Palamide. 1831. I<br />
Nge5 Kel 2 d Kdz 3 Nc4+ Kxd3 ,1 b4 K{c4 5<br />
Bc2. an |DEAL MArE. Problenrs of this l_rrpe were<br />
lypical ol thc w.rk ol dorlille, John Brown<br />
(1817 {3) orBridpon, anda leworher conposer.<br />
<strong>The</strong> non checking moves. cco.omy of io.ce, and<br />
prorision ot ruRE ir^rts markcd a hreak wnh<br />
t.adilion. Advances of a different kinn ind .f<br />
Srealer i.flucncc soon lollo ed. In the so,callcd<br />
lransrtional period, 184161, conpose.s dis,<br />
.overedline thenes (play depending on theinter<br />
action oflinc-pieces), e.g. the<br />
andlRrsrolthemesi<br />
other ideas evotled at thn timc wffe the aDrlo<br />
and Excrr.sroR 1asks, the BEDI TEEME, and rocAr.<br />
rl^t: solutions oltcn contained varirinrN ind.,d<br />
otconsinins ola sinslc linc olpliy. Many olthese<br />
in.ovaions lound expression in rhc woild\ dosr<br />
widcly rcad <strong>chess</strong>colLmn, conducred <strong>by</strong> srAUMoN<br />
in lhe pages of the //larrratdl aodotr N.,r lrom<br />
1845.
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