chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may releal thar e apparent pawn weakne$ is merely noiional: ii i1 cannol be attacked it is not weak. Masters sometines Pemil such iweaknesses' in their oNn camp $tule they putsue .ther aJ!a.lage. an 'mbalancc thar ufren charaderoes (etrtive ploJ A plar€rcdn more ea{ ly improve thepositiunot d n'eej whr(h rq pcrmrrled Io nnle baclwards than lhat ol a pawn. In conseqnencei sone pawn weaknesses are caled pc.manent. Som.times. ho{ever,anawnrharr(nb tudedandappareolll helple
246 PERLIS PDRIIS, JULIUS (1880 1913), Vienncse player ol Ru$ian ongin. lawter, Perlis first camc inro promi.ence when he took ninth plae anong 36 competiror. ar Onend 1906, a tournJmenr orga nized lor rhe purn.se ol riodrnc neq ralenr He played in strong tournamcnls a,Vienna 1908, St Perersburg 1909, a.d Carlsbad 1911, scoring modestly Still inproving, he achieved his best resuli at San Sebastidn 1912, about caregory 13. when he cane fifth afto R@N SSELMANN, and rARescH anead of INss^LL. DURAS. scsLEcsER, and urcHMANN. Perlis dever reached hisplime. Akeenmountaineer, he setour. atone for an Alpine climb on a nisty day and Nas found dead two days later. PERPETUAI CflECK! a spccial case oI draw by repetition. A Player continues ro give check (usually bccause he Nould otherwise lose). shich nust eventually lead io a tnree lold repedtion of Positionallhoughadrawisoften aCreed betorethis ArekhintsLasker Exhibnion gane sr pete6bu.g, Marh 1914 Sorch Game 1e,1c5 2NflN.6 3d4exd4 4Nxd4Nr6 5NdBb4 6 Nxc6bxc6 7Bd:ld5 3crd5 cxd5 90000 10ag5Be6 z% ffi 7H@ 7& ru "'*i"t& % '&a % %*tl% % "r,& W* ffiA-W tw.t% ru%ru In a level posnion ^E(ENE mates a conbinalion virh rhe intcnlion of forcing perperual chccli he was larniied to hn 6d neerine Champion: 13 Bxh6 gxl6 14 Rre6;e6 15 OSI+ KhS 16 Qg6, and popcttr"l check fono*s alr( 16 . Qe3 l7 oxn6+ Kg3 13 Qg5+ Kh3 19 Qh6+ Lasker arekhue sr Perenbnrg lst4 ccnre counier In lhe sccond meering beNeen thsc nanes 6xFR nount a posertul atrack bur Alekhine evcs lhs sme by an ing.nious connteraxack .h leads ro perpetual .hcck. 1c4d5 2dxdsNl6 3d4Nx,l5,lNi3!g1 5c4Nt6 6 Nc3e5 Tdcid,l 3Ne4Nbd7 9Qx,l4Qe7 10ab5Nc6 11Br6bxc6 120.0BiI3 r3gr6Gt!0 14Oa4NB5 15 Kg2Oc6 16Qxa7 Of5 l7Qa3+Kd7 rsRdl+Ke6 19 Qxd3 Oxt3+ 20Kg1Be7 2l Qd4QE4+ 22KhrQB+ 23 KslQg4+ 24 KhI QA+ dnwn. PERPE'I-I'AI RXTROGRESSION. A iETO. atralytical scries of ilegal positions: noves can be retacted i. perpctuity, butnone leadsback to rhe A%:* W, % 7& t&, w t%&,^w, &ww w%w Thc pioneer problem by the Gernan @mposer Wollgang Hundsdorier (1879 1951), Mnn hehet Npu?src Nathri.htcn 1S08. Bla.k\ llsl movc Nas Pc7 c5 and the pre.eding move by White 1 . Rc6-b6. Tbe solution begitu 1 bxc6 ep B!b6 2 Oe5 dxe5 3 B&5. The solver is requned to discover by neans of RnrRocMD. ANrrs6 why Black\ last oovc must have beeo 1 . . . Pc7-c5. Whire\ a-andh-pawns havenadeode and two captures respectively. He has pronoled his lpaw. (on f8) and his h-pawn. Six ofhis nen havc been capturedbytheblackpaN.satb,landa2. Hisother missingman*as captured on81 by Black\h-pawn $hich aas then pronoted 10 a bishop. Blach s last move cannot ha,c been madc wirh any of his boitled-up pieces nor with his d'pawn which sas moved earlier to rele a se his ligh t bishop: therefo.e , he has iust moved his c-pawn. The loltowing rctro-variations (retraded moves i. backward ordeo show why Black's c-pasn cannor have been noved iron c6: I .c6 c5 2 Bc7-b3Bb8-a7 3Bd8-c7.andnow3...c7-c6 would leave White'sdarkbishop illegaUy placed, 3 .. . Bc? b8 would ieave White in EnosrdEurE (i.e. h.ving no lastnove), vhile 3. . . Oe7-a8or3. ., Ba7-bScouldlcadto tne endlcss shuffling ol the dark bishops and the black queen in their little cage: i.e. perpelual retroCression. PETKOV, PETKO ANDONOV (1942 ), Bulgaria. conposer, I.ternational Masler for ches Conpositions (1977). He is able to compose No andmEE MoERs othigh quality but is betrer knosnforproblemsolalesonhodoxkind.having bee. especiaUy successtul with SELFMATES. PETROFF, ALEXANDER DMIIRYEVICH 0794 1867), rhe best Ru$ian pl.yer ol his rine. He learned the hoves wben he $q 4 yeas old, inproved his game at St Pelesburg where be lived fron the age o110, and became the best player of the city belore he was 20. His matemal grandfathe.,Sokolov, asenator, usedbisinfluence to gei hn gnndson on the Comnission of Requ.sts. which exanined all peiitions to the Tsari a.d in 1840, at the invitation ol Field Mashal Prine Pasheyich ol Poland, Pe1rcff we.t to Wa$a* as Under Secretary oI State. Pekoff won matches
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
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DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
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The objecr, morc often than no1, n
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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
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DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
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nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
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entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
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EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
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A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
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chess ser and sood became deeply ab
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Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
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seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
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Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
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FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
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GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
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trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
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cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
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GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
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2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
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Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
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conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
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HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
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KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
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FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
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LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
Page 204 and 205: idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207: MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209: t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
Page 210 and 211: €ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
Page 212 and 213: was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215: MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
Page 216 and 217: as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219: a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
Page 220 and 221: The play is somelines said to show
Page 222 and 223: nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
Page 224 and 225: MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
Page 226 and 227: playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229: While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231: N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233: NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
Page 234 and 235: temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
Page 236 and 237: indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239: OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241: was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243: inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
Page 244 and 245: white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247: PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249: An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251: PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
Page 252 and 253: any player in thc world. None of bi
Page 256 and 257: asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259: was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261: tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263: ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265: %z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267: twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269: publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271: E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273: Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275: The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277: (li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279: PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281: Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283: RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285: RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287: RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289: 1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291: A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293: stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295: naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297: Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299: ...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301: s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303: In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
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sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
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lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
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SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
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the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
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i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
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Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
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man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
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SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
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A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
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about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
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striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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