chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

242 PAULY
perhaps named after L. Paulse. bccause he
pioneered the ue ol lhe ridg\ fianchetto (for
Blach) in odervdiations ofrbe spANrsE opsrNcr
455. a line in the rcuR Nrcsrs o.ENrNc introdnced
by L. Paulse. in lhe 1870s, and later lavoured by
NMzowrscH after whom i1 is sonednes namedi
473, sueesstully played by L. Paulsen against
rcuscsin the Bnsiol tonrnament. 1861, and no* a
standard defence to &e Ev^Ns cAMBn A@epted
Gee L. PAULSEN)i 5i4, the ANDE*SSEN .ouNrER-
PAULY, WOLFGANG 08?G1934), @nposer ot
Gemao birth *ho sertled in Ronania whcn he was
tue and came to be regarded .s the grealest
problenist ol his adopted @unlry. He is besr
ktrown fo. his rArRy pRoBr-EMs. lor shi.h he war an
earlyenthusiast, andhisMoRE-irovERs; butheliked
to cxplore all aspecb ot problem 6mpositio,. and
among othcr things acquired a rep aiion for
NNs. Ile assisred A. c. wEm sith a few
Chiistnas Senes books, notably /ryaue4
(1927). As a young man he tried his hand at
natnemalis and astrooomy, and he is credited
with the di$overy ol a onet (1898 vII): laler he
rhe pawn a! i4 is placed on e3 (fxe3 ep) and ihe
pawn ar e4 is removed fiom the board. When a
pawn is moved to lhe eighd rank n nust
inmediarely and as part of the samc movc be
repla@d bya quecn. rcok, bishop, or knighl ofthe
samecolou.. a procedure known aspronotion. At
the start oI rhe game eacb player haseiehtpawns,
oneo.eachsquareolhissecondrank,andlbcyare
naned by the ,iles on whi.h ihey stand. The a-pawn
(slandard notation) is the queen\ rook's paNn or
ORP (desc.iptive noiarion). The descriptio. nay
cha.ge: ifan a-pam nales a €p1u]e it becomes a
b-paM. Tbe rooi('s pasn (on ihe a- or h-file)
ahcks onc square, the others wo.
%e
%,
s+ 4 max doub e movc ches
A problem by Pady (Der4.h. S.hachbliitt*,
1927). a idMMMH DoUBL
MN r in fonr. Alter the key double-nove. 1 Kc2 &
Kd2. there are lwo variations:
l . .Oh]&Qh3 2d3=N&Nxc6+ K.5 &Oh1 3Kc2&
Kb3 Qxc6 & Ohl ,l lG4 & Ka5 Oas. and 1 . . . Ohl &
orl 2d8=B&Bxl6+ Kc5& OxI6 3Kc2&Kb3Qal&
PAWN. the .hcssman of smallesl siu and lalDc
represenled by the symbol P or the neurine A. A
Papn can be noved neilher sideways nor back
wards bui only lo$lrds oo irs 0le, one or rso
squares on its 66t movei one square at a tinc
subsequedtly- Whena capture ismadebyapawnil
is moved one squ.re diagonally Io ard and notin
anyotherway. So thal a pawn makineilsfirstnolc
camot evade caplure by a pawn on a. adjoi.ing
iile the EN pAssN laN qas intoduced. Place a
white pawn on c2 and a black pawn on g and if
WbileplaysPe2 e4 Black may capiure ztr pa$,trr:
The pawn is the only chessman that cannot
capture in thc same dnedion as it can bc movedi
andils pathmay be blocked by an enemymani lhe
nan olleasl value, the pavn can threalen pieces,
usually forcing thcm to Nilhdrawi thcsc charactcrislics.
its slow pace, its inabilily lo retreat (to
@rrect a rash .dvance), and the possibiliry oi
promo(oo are thc basis oI most ot rhe gamc's
strategy: the pawn lo.mation dictates the cous€ ol
play. (see s.Eools oF csBs ) on account ol
improved techniquelhe los ol ap.vnnregarded
inoreseriouslythan i. formqtimesandrARrA(ow
.R could sritc in the 1920s,'Neverlosc apaNn and
you will treverlosea gane. Begi!.eB olte. ignore
tbis advice in order 10 locl lhen pieces id conbar.
Th. nanc derivcs from thc,^nglo-F encn word
1o", and ultinarelyflomadi.ecttranslationof the
Arabic vord b"/drl, a tool soldier. h lhe old eame
the pawn could be promored only ro a rrRziN or
$Rs. Neitncr in sHArkNr nor in early EuropcaD
chess could the pawn be adva.ced two squares on
ns lirsl move, an innovadon th.t app.rendy dates
PAWN AND MOVE, a handicap thal consisls ol
playing Black and removing the pawn at r belore
rhe starr ol play. These aere the rine honoured
odds fr€queDtly offcrcd by prtr,,rDoR, DES
.EdEtLEs, and othe. leading masterollbc past.
They rarely played even. louooNNNs was pro
bably the last player sho could hold mosr ol the
besl llayer of his timc at these odds. He dicd in
1840 paNn and move belte. than any English
playel. In 1860 MoRpEy offered pawn and move to