chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

16 ARBIIER
A problcm fron an Aiabic or Pcrsian manrscnpt
darcd 1257. While is to playand nale. The pieces
shoNn as bisnops and queen are FiLs (A) and
rrRzaN (F) EsPecrively.
l Acr-a3+ Kc6 2 Ne5+ (b? I Rh?+ Ka8
,{ Nc6 Rb7 5 Rb1. and the Arabian mate occurs
i.1wovariations:5...Rxbl 6Ra7,5 .Rxhl
ARBITER, a suFerlisorwho enlorces the lass and
rules in a 6arch or tournanent. He may pcnalize
infringemcnrs and settle dispulcs. Competitors
secking intemation.l nles ma, expect a tourna
mcnr ro be recognized by FIDE, otherwise thcn
results are not counted lor r dng purposcs. To
obhinrecognilion anarbnernusl abidebrFIDE\
rules, bul he is nol requircd to hale the lnle oI
ARCENTTNE VARIATION. 92. nr the auENs
cAMBr Decti.ed as in thc ?th natch gane
Capablanc. Ale*hnrc, Buenos Aires. 1927 Also
269 in the sq'-'AN DLrrN.E. The latter. sometnnes
callcd the Gdteborg Vanation. Nas a prepared line
which theArgenri.c playeBNdDoRF, PAN\o- and
prlNr( inrroduced simultaneously in lhc iourtcenth
round of the Interzonrl tour.amcnt, GateborS
1955 Then Soviet opponcnisi rtRts, GELLER, ind
swslov respcctivcly. were able to lol1.{ one
anolhcas games bt observing lhc dcmonsiration
boards ftom rheirseats. All rhrce ganresconlinued
10lxg5 NldT 11 N!c6 (playcd 6rsr by Geler) I L
. . [\e6 12 Oh5+ (fS l:l Bb5 (plnted nrst b,
Kerer'lhcnplayvaded: P.nnocontinued 13. . .
Ne5 expecting 1.1 0 0+ whi.h the Argendni.ns.
when preparine this line. believerl would lavour
Blach; but Gcller replied 14 BCI Naido and
Pitnik tried l:l .. Kg?. whi1. Non aU three
ARLAUSTAS, RONIANAS (191, ). Interna
tional Giandnlsrer of Correspondence Chess
(1965). Hc caflEd the litle bv his perlormancc in
thc 4rh World C.rresponde.c. Chalnpionship.
1962 5 in which h. camc lhird aier z^coRolsn
and BoRrsrNrc. A Daiile olLilhuania. Arlauskas
sclrlcd in Australia around 1949.
ARONIN, LEV SOLOMONOVICIi (1120 82)-
Solier playcr from Kuibyshev, htemarional Mas
tcr (1950), engineeFnereorologisl Bcginning nr
1941 he qualned ior and playcd in eighl Soviet
cbanpionships; in 1950. at bis fourth attenpt, h.
ied for sccond place (+9=1 ,1) hall a poirt
behind ihe Binner ruREs, bul Non more games
ihan anvone else. H. shared lirst place wLh
mocrus in thc RSFSR (Rusian Fedeiltioi)
Chanpionships in 1952 ard won the Mos.o{
Championsbip in 1965.
ARONIN-TAIMANOV VARIATION, 201, sra.-
dard line in rhe (Nc s r._DrAN DErLNcr that lircl
became popular id fie 1950s.
ARRANCEMENT, achcss puzlc: lhe solveris t!
construclaposirionassripulated tbereisnoPla!.
One olthc carliest kno*narrrngenen$is gilen in
a maDnscdpr oI (.1170: placc 16 ahire .ERsEs on
the botd so that ifthe black king were to srandon
.ny onc of rhe 48 vacant squfues ir qould bc
chcckmared. The ferses .re ro be placcd on br, c7,
fl.97, b6, c6,16, g6- bl, .3, R. e3, b2. c2,12, and
92. For somc othcr arrangenents see Elcnr
olEc.Rs PlzzrE, Lrcsl olEENs PUZTI r. and.(iHr
ARRAY, tbe arr.ngement of plc.cs and pa$ns al
the beginning oI a ganre. Each playerhas a king- a
queen, two bhhopsi tNo knighls, lNo rooks. and
cighl pawns arranged.s shosn.n thc diagram. II
during a game $e array is lound to have been sel
up incorrecdt rhen lhe game sball be innulled
t'&trur.*r.
twfrru.^'&
ART AND CHESS. Since nedievaltnncs chessb.s
been a popular subjecl ol rhc visual arls. Al ii6t
uscd allegoically, it later became a lehlclc for
portraling human emotions and pcrhaps a means
of Leeplng models relirively still lor length!
neriods. 'l'he nate oi lh. eame was conBonly
irdicated by lacial exrrcsions lroB nutual lrappi'
ne$ to phlsicil violence. Sonelires thc Players
are n nrn lnd a woman using chcss to disguise a
more poNlar game There arc courtly sceneslamilyscenes,
rEderolppo raits. Absfacraiihh
have also used chcss, notably Willi Baunrcister,
Juan (nis. and PauL Klee lhc conlenporary
Italian artin Johnny Raldini creates paiddngs by
liNt tracing the molcs ol a specilic Cane on a
board like graph and lhen developing .olour and
line !s thc Civen mateial seems to denrand
anrongrhe more lanous artha lo use che$ arc
Solhonisba Anguisciola. Paris Bordode, Georgcs
Braque. Richard Dadd. Honord Daumicr, EugCne
Delacroix. DlcHAvr, Thom.s Erkirs. Fran.esco
di Giorgi., Lucas van l-cydcn, van Loo. Reni
Magdrte, Henri Mathse, Karel van Mander,
Jean Louis Eilcst Meissoniei, Johi Sirger Sar
sent- a.d Victor vasarelv lhere hale bee.
iculptures. nor blr by Max Emn. Carroo$,
posre6, mosaics, tapcstries, book plates, g1a$, and
illuminltcd maDuscipls nlso shov chcs thcnes
Roesler, Cr.s itr,1, (1971) lisls 3l6paintings and