chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

240 PASSED PAWN
Drs@vERrD cHEcK. The p6sat baxaElia lav srt
vived in several parrs of Europe for a long time.
Iinally disappea.ing in 1880 when lhe Italians
PASSEDPAWN. A pawnispassed*hennoenemy
pawnsonthe same oran adloining 6le sland on the
ranks abead. Only a piececan prelent the.dvance
PAI, Frcnch lor slalenale: but rhe Italian paua
sinply means a draw
PATDNTS relating lo chess have becn mosl oilen
concerned Ni1h.Locrc oi various kinds. Perhaps
lhc sccond nost om6on inventions are tbose lor
sell-wriring .hcssboards. One such invenled by
F. E. Brandt, made in St Petenbure around 1871
and called the Sca(ograph. sas operated by
clectric barteries driving electro magnets.In 188,1
M. Hour-Humbert, a Besaoqon law,yer, .on
sttucled a sinilar apparatus and around 1887 Dr
Wurlenbergerol Zunch nade such a devicc, ako
electro-magnctic. sbich he erhibited in London
early in 1888. In 1903 Lal Raja Bahu applied for
and rcceived . Bntish patent lor a mechanically
drienboard thereby doing away thihe.ecessi-
1y of a releree or ihe assistance oi a lbird party to
schiesareischcsclockpatenredi'r 133,1. rhe6nrBnfth
parcm relaring r. chc$i rhc rhEe s'rall dials sho* (/si)
rine for whne. (rd'o .imc lor Bla.k. (.e,,.) trumbcr or
novcsPlaycd and*ho nbplay
wriic down the moves. . . .'Itprintedftenovesin
derriptive notarion. unlikc the earlier models, and
aiso onlrolled tbe line-pie@s. Thh was nol the
eod of the natler. ln 199 0. DlMs and J.
Simunck oblained a Geman patent for a device
lhatrecordedrhedepartucandarrivalsquaresola
nan noved lrom o.e hole to anothffon aspecial
board and .s lale as i945 A.ihur W. Fey of
Pcnnsyivania spent more than $1,000 on parenls
and maierialfor a boardthat did no nore than rhe
Scaccog.aph. Since the l98Gclcctronicdeviceslor
.e.ordidg lhe noves have been readily available.
Otherpalents have related to unonhodox chess
(e.s. three-dimensional). boards (e.g one vilh a
rubber nn8 on e ach squ are lo secure the meni ora
board on lhich a disc iotates to sbow the manon
eacn square, obviadns the need ror a se1),
travelling sets, pocket sets. sorc shccrs, diagrams.
correspondence chess sta tionery. sets in whichthe
pieces stack lilhin the larger men, and even the
PATZDR, a weak player, I.om the Gernan rdrzc,,
lobungleorborch, with. hint ofparziS, boastful or
PAUISEN, LOU$ (1833 91), oDe of the great
chesslheoieticians.nd a playe. ranki.g among ihe
world's bcst hall-dozln in the 1860s and 1870s.
BorihNassengru.d, Gernany, of achcss-playing
fanily, he leamed the game yomg bul showed no
special enthusiasmloritatthn tine. In 185.lheand
his brother Eflrsr yent to lowa, USA- and set
thenselves up asmercha.ts Louis enlered Amer
ica\ tret importanl toutuabenr, NeR York 185?,
and took second place alter MoRpHy. Then laulsen
beean ro rake che$ scriously, lllhough he re
mained an amaieu.throughout his lile, He buillup
a repulation as a blindfold expe.lj a.hievine thc
unprc.edeoted reat oI playing ten or more oppo-
;enrs sinultancously, and he studied . . . wnh
such zeal lhat I don'l like to losc nve minutes ol
lime . For two yeaB be tned in vain to arange a
matchwith Morphy, andin the aulunnol1860 he
retumed home lo work in the ladily busides. (It
included adistille.yi Panlsen bimsellwas aljfelo.g
teelonller and non smoker.) His besl tournamoat
rcsuks were: Bristol 1861,lirsr ahead ofkolrs.!i
London 1862. sccond after aNDEnssENiHadburg
1869. second lo Ande6sen after aplay-oftiLeipzig
l8?7, nst (+9 2) .bead oI Ande6sen, zu(.Rro$.
and wrNAwrRi Franuurt 1878, 6rstr and
Leipzig 18?9, second afte. ENcr.rscn, Paulsen\
sryle was betlersuned lo narch play, at which he
sas uDdefcatcd. Hc dreN Nnh AndeBsen in 1862
(+3-2 3) and defeated Kolisch in 1861
(+7=18 6), NEUMANN in 1864 (+5=3-2),
Andcr$en in 1876 (+5=1 4) and agai. in i877
(+5=1-3), ands.HwART in 1879 (+5 2).Hislast
Breslau 1889 whcn he shared
lourth place no mean achievemenlj lor he w6
alrcadysuilerinA lron lhe diabetes lhar caused his