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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tuN,runA.( 37<br />
Ral 38Lb2h5 3931h5Nxh5 lnQI2K33 llBc2<br />
Rh7 12 RDI Rxbl 1l tsx6r 95 l1&1 Ng7 45:'ig2<br />
Ng4 46Qh2Nh5 17Rc13ih4 l8e5 Whnc aig.s<br />
PANOV-BOTVINM( ATTACK, 305 Analysed<br />
<strong>by</strong>H. Krause in 1911, recommended <strong>by</strong> s.HLEcE<br />
rER. and re eramined <strong>by</strong> r^Nov in 1930, this<br />
vaiation ol drc cARreNN Dtr.rNcF bccame<br />
popul.r aftcr Borvr\N( Played it in his fi$t and<br />
ninth natch ganes ag.inst FroHR. 1933 (See<br />
prNov VARIATION. 674 in thc Ar-LxHNr DE<br />
.EN.E, .s liaycd in the ganrc Rnbinsiein Spicl-<br />
PAO, a piece used in cHrNEsE cts.ss When not<br />
caDrunnc ( 6 flo\e,l lrtr d rnok, cdptures i!<br />
n;*,hh;nh shen lhe mrn <strong>to</strong> be raLenll(! hL!.n.1<br />
in rnrcneninr, m.Ln .r erttrer !uln,Lr nn the ;mr<br />
rankornle. O. an otheNne emptyboard Piace !<br />
white pao at c3. a nan oteitncr.olour at c5, and a<br />
bla.k man at c6orcTorcSithe paocolld bc moved<br />
as far as i3, h3, cl, or c,li il ncithcr threatens noi<br />
luards thc piece at c5- hul could caplure lhe nrn<br />
ahar lics belond. <strong>The</strong> pao\ kin are the Lro and the<br />
vAo. (For an ea<strong>amp</strong>le of the pao nr action see<br />
PARIS GAMBIT.700, sonrelimes..lled thc Anrar<br />
Gambit. an intcrcsting pawn sacrih.c. (see I{Rr1<br />
PARTSI.A-N OPENI\(i,25.129 the vrR.sov viRr^<br />
roN. anothei oI hR^(owE8 s chfttenings.<br />
PARIS OPENTNG, 699. probably so naned <strong>by</strong><br />
r^RrA(owERNho. howerer, als. called il the Aoar<br />
openinE.<br />
PARMA, BRUNO ( 19.11- ), World Junior Cham<br />
pion 1961. Internarional Grandmaster (1963), a<br />
leading Yugosla! platcr lor many rears. member<br />
oi hn .ounlryi team in sever.l Oltmpilds riom<br />
1962. lle won or shaied lirsr trizc i0 four strong<br />
inremalronal lour.amcnts: Bucharen 1968<br />
(+5=7): Sarajcvo 1910, equal \dh DUDorEvrai<br />
Naranya 1971. equal wnb nvArr(i and V*ac<br />
1973. equal witb nrNcov Paflla aho made Sood<br />
resul[ atAnsterdrnr 1965. asecond place (+3=6]<br />
aller Do\N.R, and at Zagreb 1165, a s.ore of<br />
+i=14 <strong>to</strong> share fourth pl.ce sith poRllscH aier<br />
r!(ov, usb,ANN, a.d prrRosy^._ ahead oI moN<br />
priRos, cYoRGY (19r0-r5), HuDgariaD con<br />
poser. Inrern.tional ludec ol Che$ Clmpositions<br />
(1956), I ntcflr ational Grandmnstr lbr (rhc$ Compositions<br />
(1975), personnel managcr. Hc beean as<br />
a su(essiul composcr of orthodox rso MovERSi<br />
larer he bcca,rc thc world slorenon cooposerol<br />
PASSAR BATTAGI-IA 239<br />
PARTLAL RETROGRADE ANALYSIS, or tartial<br />
analFis- ir,EocRADL ^NaLYsIs<br />
lhat rcvcah tNo or<br />
Boic hlpotheses aboul rhc hh<strong>to</strong>ry oI a posilion:<br />
these estabhh rbe l.ealily ol lwo or more lnNard<br />
linesotplaysothatilanyone line islcealtheothe$<br />
% '/& %.<br />
'& %t<br />
MM&Aru<br />
*ffifr?w.<br />
%r% %<br />
'&, %*<br />
A tso-choi.. partial analysisproblcm bl D^wsoN,<br />
M?lbou r Leodet. 1911. Rlack\ last nore Busl<br />
have been rbe advan.c ol his c or epa$ni<br />
t er.re whi.h hcwas in check: lhische.k musl have<br />
be.. brought about <strong>by</strong> a nole ol White s rook<br />
Iiom cith.r b6 or 16 (<strong>to</strong> d6)i .nd whichcver pawn<br />
Black nroled lasl cane liom its second rant.<br />
Tberelore Wbitemy.aplnre EN P^ssaNr <strong>The</strong> two<br />
nutLrallt exclusivc solutions are I dxc6.p+ Kx.4<br />
2 Bc6 atrd I dxe6 ep+ K-1c.1 2 Oc3. <strong>The</strong>re is. oI<br />
colrse. no wa! <strong>to</strong> det.rmine rvhich is the cofecl-<br />
I n I 859 !.yD expeinented with pa(ial analysis<br />
bnr it was the publicarion ofa lineexanple<strong>by</strong> thc<br />
Danishcodposer Umro NielsHdeg (1876 1951)nr<br />
D.utsches \voche,schach, 19117, rhat lcd <strong>to</strong> the<br />
invcstieation of nany neq idcas in this field<br />
PARTIE. a F ench word meaning -g.nc' once<br />
.ommonly uscd in English. now.0 afcctation.ln<br />
hcr othcNne *ell research.d novel lre Clesr<br />
alalcB Frances Parkinson Keyes descibes lhc<br />
loRpqy Mo.ercdicn mat.h ot 1859: Thc fiNt<br />
gamc . . . rrsulled in a drlsi in lh. sc.ond Paul<br />
scored seven parlies one aftcr anotherr aml $e<br />
thnd slpped lron his opponeni s gr.sp .lter a<br />
ten houi strugelc.' This cuious galre mat have<br />
ariscn lrom unciear reporrs oi thc match, which<br />
Nlorphy Non (+7= t 0).<br />
PASSAR BA l"t'ACLIAt an it.lian phrasc meaning<br />
dodgnrgthe 6ght and.elcrring<strong>to</strong>rhe ahsence otan<br />
EN pAssaNr l.N: afawn on its6fthrank sas u.ahlc<br />
<strong>to</strong> *pturc an enemy pawn pasing b, on an<br />
adjonrnrg 6le. <strong>The</strong> oplion oladtancing a pawn lwo<br />
squares lor{.rd on ils limt move was probibly a<br />
13th cenrurt inno!ation and p,rrar 6alrgl,n Nonld<br />
the.havcbceDrhenormalpra.ti.c.Elenafierthe<br />
.ntasrd,rcapture sas introduced, probabLyin lhe<br />
l5thcentury, rherc $crc some cunous erceptions<br />
borh DATANo a.d Ru,v L6pEz st.le that such a<br />
.aprurc could nol be made iI i1 brought abott i
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