chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bom
pl.yer and author..ational champion seven tiBes
lrom 1946 to 1966. Inter.ational Grandnaner
(1954), brother of vhdimn !^CEMAN. He ron
rhree zonal lournaments and corpctcd in iour
onseculivc interzonals: Sallsiijbaden 19,18, Salls
j6badcn l952, Gijreborg 1955. andlortoror 1958i
nc .ame nearesl to bei.e a.^NttDArE on ihc last
occasio! when hc canre seventh and the 6st six
qualined. Al Mar del Plala 1959, aboul cateeor! 7,
he shared firsl place Nith N^rDoE, and he won
minor toutuanents at Sarajevo 1960, Maridtrska
I;i7nE 1960 a.d Gru 1961. His bcst tournanent
.chievemcnr was at Hivana 1963 Nhen he cane
sccond (+i1=10) equal with cLLrB andrAL halfa
point behind (oRcHNot. Iacbnan rcprcsenled his
.ounlry in all eight Olvnpiadslrom 1952 to 1966.
plarine atistbo.rd exccplin 1956 when he wenl
dosn one place. Hc won (+7=8) $e lirs!international
rournament to be Played in Crcece, Aihens
1968. A lew months larcr hc was in p.ison.
An unquestioning Communi lron hn youth.
Pachnan ie examined his position in lhe lieht of
the consequcDces of lhe Prague spring ol 1968.
and becanre implac.bly hostile to hn fomer
beliefs As a resuli he was inpnsoned twice
(1969ta,1912) Describing his political lile in his
checkhate in Ptasue (1975) he relares tbat he
inlcntionally junped lrom hn bed to land head {irst
on rhe floor oi his ccll, which caused perFancnt
injury ro hn hcad and spine. ln 1912. obtaining
permission to leave Czechoslo,akia, heiecane a
chess profe$ion.l in wcsi Cemany. For sone
yea$heslsboycotlcd byiheComnunislbloc, but
.t the Manib nrteponal 19?6 he hld a sinDltancousdGaslerand
tnunph: hcsharedlastplace
but lorced recognition lron biseneniesEbo were
obliged to mccl him in play. Later tbal ycar he
played in the Olympiad Ior his.doplcd counllr,
Pachnan\ lirs1 book, published in Prague in
194,1, was devotcd to lhe games oIloEArrRcn!(j
whose cmigration to Canada a lcw ycan laler
brought loud abuse irom Pachmani but aiter his
oNn enle the lso became re.onciled. The lirsl ol
Iachman\ writings 10 becone popular wcre hn
fst books on openines, published in PraSue in
lS.lR Thev were rra.slaicd inro Ge.nan and
English, a;d a similar cou$e foloqed public,ation
of his three-volunre Strategie Moderniho Sochu
I o4q 50) dnd htr
'*o
volumc fdktika Mo,leralhu
Sa.r! (l"o2l Tne Enslish \eBUns of the\e r\o
books Ferc.ot complete: Mdlon Ches Sbdkgt
(1963) was ab.idqed lo brm .nc volune. and
Motlern Chess lrdi6 (1970) was a shonencd
version oI lhe li6t of his tro volumcs on lhe
subiecr. A book ol his sanes was traDslaled into
Englisn in l9?5 as Pa.L-a,t De.nire Ganes
PACHMAN, VLADIMIR (1918 ). Czech composer-
International J!dse oI Chess Composilions
ire5hr. Inremduonal CranLlna(ertor Ches\Cum
f.\iruns (lu75l Berdcs orthodo\ ftBEE a,d
M.eF M.\rR\ h. il\L'.omooses rudres and n one
oirhe lcw who hale achi;ed succe$ in bothfields.
He h the b.orher of Ludet PA.HMAT_ and the
srcat-nephew ol the czech problenin loscf
Cumpe (l8nx-lo1l). who\c he Jcl'no(_
'nfluerue
tcdAc\ibLthisiJleFhrgh i rnJ udua he neirher
slavishly foloNs Czech lrlditions nor cares ior
erenr tushions. (see PTNDULUM Duw.l
V. Pachnan, /lDznl Sothota Sklodbr 11912)
coDrains 427 compositionsr a sccond edition was
PA.IIMA\ VARIATION. 195 in the (INC,S INDI
PADEVSKY, NIKOLA BOCHEV 093! ),
Bulsarian .hampion 195,1, 1955, 1962, and 1964,
lntcrnarional Grandnaslcr (196,1), lalter. Hc
playedineveryOlynpiadlron 195610 l9Tliexccpt
1976 Hn besr lournament Perlormancc was at
varna 1975 (.aresory 7) when hc tied wirh vu a
PAIN1ING AND CSESS, se
PAIRING, arranging opponents iD a loumament.
For !n ALr-pLAy-^Lr event PArRlNc TABLES arc
used- rhc plale^ driwing by lot tor numhct. A
swrss sysrErr tournameDt Presents grcater prob
lens. ftere arc three basic rulcs for pairing in such
a conpctition no t*o playc.s should neet more
rhan oncei as tar as possible Pla],e6 should be
dratrn dtscLnn.pmnenb t rh LhL same !.ure Jnd
erlh plarcr.hould hale J balancrJ numher ot
AaFcs wilh \rhire and black Pieces Thcse condi
nons mplv rhat Lhe parr ns fora r.und.an be mrde
onl\ cir;r !ll same\ [iom nrccedrns rounds ha\e
bee; .omplet;d. This is nor alwlls possible and
various wals have hcen devised to make sritable
paninss wiei some ganes rcmaio u!finished
sone organizeB interprel Swiss rysten Paning
reirurrcments hb