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234 ORGANIZATION<br />
Busayev (1837 1901), whose analysis was rub<br />
lisncd in Shakhmohaf. Oboz,.n'lp just belore hn<br />
B. flensis Schlechter ftiendly gamc Vienm,ltr93<br />
lUe6 2Bb2NI6 313c5 4b5d5 5d4Qd5+ 6Nc3<br />
Nc4 7Qd3.xd4 SQxd4Bci 9QxeTBxfl+ l0Kd1d1<br />
11 Qxh3+ Ke? 12 QrcS dxcl l3 Bcl Nd7 l4 QxaS<br />
Qxbj 15Bl4ods+ l6k1Be3+ l7tsr3Nf2 18!:e<br />
Qd2+ 19 Kbl Qd1+ 20Ka2Qxc2-atrFr^uIFr{^rF<br />
ORGAN PIPES, a problem idea originaled <strong>by</strong><br />
Loyd in 1869 and na6ed <strong>by</strong>the Gcrman archiiect<br />
Geore Schnilzler. Tso black rooks and tso blacl.<br />
bisbops arc aligned on a file or a rank and in lhe<br />
main variations each bisbop inreneres with cach<br />
OR(IAnIIZATION. thc loirnal {.udtrre ol ches*<br />
Flaying. dcvclopcd wiih ihe railways .s travel<br />
hccame more praclic l id the oiddle 01 the 19th<br />
century. che$ clubs were incrcasingly common al<br />
1he beginning of tnc ccntury and ihe fi6t organiza<br />
lion beyo.d lhai Ievel was tbe Yorksbire <strong>Chess</strong><br />
Asso.iation.lormed in 1841. Soon its nenbeship<br />
exiended and ln i8,14 its annual mccliDg was in<br />
Nouidgbaf,. ln 1852 it became lhe Nortbem and<br />
Midlands Counries <strong>Chess</strong> Associalion, and in 1857.<br />
as ii enlarged, simply rbe <strong>Chess</strong> Association. Ir<br />
1862its rille changcd <strong>to</strong> Brithh Ches Association<br />
although thc name had been used in<strong>to</strong>m.lly <strong>to</strong>r<br />
some years. <strong>The</strong> BCA had a 6tlu1 cxislcncc.<br />
bec.ne dormant- sas rcvived nr 1885, andexpned<br />
around 1892. In l8aJ5 the Nortb Yorkshire and<br />
DnrhanCbessAssoci donwas<strong>to</strong>med. robecome<br />
the Yorkshire <strong>Chess</strong> Asso.ialion in 186? and thc<br />
CouniicsChcssAssociarion in 1870. <strong>The</strong> CCA was<br />
more prorincial and initialy nore aliSned <strong>to</strong><br />
amateur che$ than ns nval, the BCA, hur had a<br />
sinilarnixedsucce$ andladcd awayaround 1893.<br />
afthough nominally ir {as associared with C.aigside<br />
iounaments until 1901. A Sco$sh <strong>Chess</strong><br />
Associ.rionvas<strong>to</strong>udedin 188,1, Irish in 1885, and<br />
Sourh wales in 1888. lhe Merropolitan <strong>Chess</strong><br />
Clubs Competition. 1887, became lhe London<br />
<strong>Chess</strong> Leaeue in 1893 rnd Mrh lhe Sorthern<br />
coundes Che$ Union (SCCU). 1892. Midlands<br />
CCU,1897, and Northcrn ccu. 1899. becamc the<br />
basis ofthc Brnish <strong>Chess</strong> Federation.<br />
A West Gernan che$ federation was iorned id<br />
1861 lollowed <strong>by</strong> a Norlh German in 1868 and a<br />
Cenrral German in l8?1, and they davelopcd inio<br />
thc Deutscher Schachbundol 18?7. Olhernational<br />
organizalions were being <strong>to</strong>med ar the 1in+<br />
Netherlands in 1873, Bohemi! in 1886 lor examllc.<br />
ln thc USA a numbd ol sho -lived national<br />
associations were lorned, often in conjunction<br />
snh a naster <strong>to</strong>urnanenl. By 1888 seven State<br />
associations exisled and thcylormed a uscA, but<br />
rhat <strong>to</strong>o disappcarcd. <strong>The</strong> Western <strong>Chess</strong>Asocia<br />
tion was founded in 1900. An oitshoot was rhe<br />
National <strong>Chess</strong> Fede.ation (1926). In 1934 rhc<br />
WCA enlarged <strong>to</strong> become lhe American <strong>Chess</strong><br />
Federation Nhich in 1939 nerged th the NCF <strong>to</strong><br />
fom the USCF. An All Russian che$ ledeiation<br />
was not formcd unlil 191,1 despnc eflorls <strong>by</strong><br />
r^ENrs.H and.Hico{N, and lhe sane yearsaw rhe<br />
Inst unsuccesslul atlenpl ro oeare an inre.national<br />
body, an altcmptslifled <strong>by</strong>Nar. rrDEi whcn itcame<br />
ten yeam later. sas a ieeble infant at nlsl.<br />
A problef, <strong>by</strong> EARroNc thal Non firsl pnze in tbe<br />
Irubleu lourncy, 1951 . <strong>The</strong> key is 1 exi6 setting up<br />
a hlock. <strong>The</strong> main van.dons show six diffcrcnt<br />
m,res and nn,r \ets ol cRErs<br />
...Rd7 2 Bf5<br />
fijl,t . on'<br />
...Rd6 2 Nbc5<br />
fl;1}' *.,<br />
oRLEANS, CI{ARLES D (1391-r.165), FrcDch<br />
prince, poel, and <strong>chess</strong> daycr,IatherolLouis XII<br />
olFr.nce. Atan earlyae€ hemarded thewido{oi<br />
Richard II of England. Taken prisoner <strong>by</strong> thc<br />
q.nglch ai rhe bartle oi Agincoui (1415), hc was<br />
ransoned 25 rea6 later Hc grcatly enjoyed his<br />
captivity, wriling poerry and music. huntin8, .nd<br />
piaying ches-a lheme in nany ol his noems<br />
iD.luding one on 1he dealh ol his Nifc:<br />
En maJame j'.voyc no. sccoun<br />
Plus qtr cn autre, car souvenr d'emombner<br />
Mc delivroir. quan( venoit i on.ou$,<br />
Er ensaies laisoi. mon jcu licri<br />
J nhvoya pio. rc chevalier,<br />
autlin ne rocq qui pctrscnr ma qucrclle<br />
Si bicn aidicr;jey pefr v yenenr<br />
car j'q perdu monjcu cnri&cnenl<br />
se je ne lais uno drnc nouvcllc<br />
ORPHAN, a rArRy pRoBLrM piece invented <strong>by</strong> the<br />
Amcrican composer <strong>David</strong> L. Brosn (1945- ) in<br />
1971. It stands innobilized and poscrless unless<br />
attacked in sbich elent it assumes the poNers ot<br />
the attacking man or ne.. <strong>The</strong> orphan lransters<br />
thesc pose6 io orphans ot the opposilc colourilit<br />
aitacks lhem, qe.dn-E a kind of chain rcaction.<br />
Place While (a1and Nd5 andorpbanson d4 a.d<br />
g5, and Black Kh? and orphans on c2. e4, and f]i
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