chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

230 OLD INDIAN ATTACT
ONE-MOVER! a kind of .oNsrRu.rnrN rAsxi a
problem lor sbich one srNcLE-MolE or a singlemove
by each side iunk rhe smulAnoNs. A
one noverprobtcm might conrain many rries and
although Dot dimculi to solve il conld be nsed lo
tesia playels srcsr or rEE BoAm. The solving rask
is harder ii ErRochDE ANALySE is needed to
1,1 . t\c4 1i bxd dxc5 16 Nde2 exl3 t7 sxB L{13
13 Qel Qrs l9 Bg5 Rxc3 20 Bc7 NI6 2l BxlS Nxc4
2 Rd3 RB 23 Bx.5+ Kfl 24 Bg2 Nxc5 2s Bxf3 816
26 Rd2BI5 27 Rbdl Bg"5 23Rb2Bl6 29Rbd2 Bsi 30
Rb2 Rc3 31 Ndl Bhl 32 Bs2 Bs4 3 BA Bc3 34 K32
Rel 35 RL al6 36R.2Ndl 37Ne2 Bhl+ r3 Kxh3
ND+ 39 KE2 Nxdl 40 Rd2 Nb2 41 c5 Nr4 42 Rcz
Rc5 4l Rc.l Nxc5 white Esigns
OLD TNDLAN ATTACK, 689,
lakin8 i1s name by analoey with the oLD NDrAN
OLD INDIAN DEFENCE, 140. disringuished f.om
rhe (NGs rNDd DEFENCEby tbe dereloPnenl oi
Blaci's dark bishop ai e7 afte( he h6 played his
e p.wntoe5. ThisdefenccwasplayedbyrARRAscH
when la.ing scHr.E HrER at the Monte Carlo
rournamenr 1902, a.d orher Sr ndnasters tned n
shortly afterw.rds. One ot then was cnrcoRN who
used the line successfully in thelastleNyearolhis
lifc. andir issometimescalledlheCbigorinlndian.
OLYMPIAD, the popular namc for thc FIDE
Wo.ld Tean championship. Atlenprs to link chess
$ifi lhe Olynpic Games *eie tuade a1 Stockholtu
in 1912 (ALEGTNE\ nst burnanent viclory oul
side Rusia) and at Paris in 1924. but the chess
sorld has nerer bcen anxious io disiinguish
amateuB lron professionals. Officiat Olynpiads,
lorlhe Hamilton Russell cup- beganNilh Londo!
1927. 'Itams of foBr, five. or six playes choscn
witbout regard to p.ofessional stalus pla, over lour
bodds. Olynpiads were held on eight o@asions
belore the Second worldwai. andhavesincebeen
held every other year from 1950. These have been
unconnected wilh the OlympicGames, bul in 1936
the German Chess FedeDtion nor 1hen a nenber
of FIDE, arrangcd a conlcst olnational t€ams over
eight boards in Mnnich 10 conplenenr the Berlin
Oiynpic Ganes. ln 1976 a polilically inspiied
'countcFolympiad ol no cbcss signihcan.c was
held in Tripoli (Libya). Si.ce i957 ihere have been
Ollmpiads ie(nded to wonen (lor th€ Veia
MEN.HT( cup) and there arc similar cvents re!
tncted to blind ptaye6.
A.p6d Fdldedk, Che$ O\mpiad\ 1927-1968
0e7e).
OPEN BOARD, a board showing a position in
which rhere are nany ope n lines. ln play this comes
about afler the exchangc ofscvcral pawns. cspccjallyrhosconthelourenl.alfiles.
Anopenbo.rd
favours the LrNE prEcEs so th!1a bishop is Iikelyto
be slronger than a knighr.
OPEN DEFENCE, 371 in tbe
literal desoiplion to distingtrish it from thc cLosr
DEFENC..392. Tl'e usual contidu.lion is 6d4 b5 7
Bb3 d5 8dxe5 Be6i Blact gels phy ror his pieces
bni his queen sside parns are in some disaray
r^RuscH chanpioned rhis derencc (it somctimcs
beas his name) i,clicving lhat Black\ mobility
oulweighs the defects in his pawn tomation. Mosr
masteB hale raken the connary !ies.
OPENFILE! aftc on which there are Do pawns. A
playe. may seek advanlage by placi.g his rook on
an open 6le and il lhe rook cannot be chaUenged bt
an enemy rook he is said to co.tol or command
that lilc. This k likely to be advanrageons il the
rook can be moved loNard to make threats along
one ot lhe r.nks, especiaUy the seven$ radk. The
queen. 1oo, might takc posscssion ol a 6ie. A
ptayer nieht double o. t.iple major pieces on an
open 6le, strenglheninB hn conrol.
OPEN GAME, (r) a eamc that beeins I e4 e5.
Tbese moves sometimes lead to a closed game
oPEN GAME, (2) a came in which pawn exchangcs
opcn up DrA(DNAr-s, FrLEs. and pcrnaps
RANK lorusebythe lNE rEcLs as dislinctlron a
closed gade vhen lhe range ol these pieces is
1 e4 e5 2 Nl3 Nc6 3 d4 exd4 4 Nxd4 Nl6 5
N.3 Bb.1 6 Nx.6 hrc6 7 Bdl d5 3 exd5 .xd5 rn
oPen Sane in both senses oI rhe rem.
1e4e5 2 NI3 Nc6 3Bc4Be? 4d4d6 5(5
Nb8 6 Bdl Nf6 7 c,l0-0, a.losed gamc.
1 d4 d5 (a close openins) 2 c4 dxc,l 3 e3 e5 4
Bxc4 exd4 5 erd4 Bb4+ 6 Nc3 Ni6, an open
OPENING, the firnphase olthe gane, conmenc
ing from the ArRAy, The slospace of tie otdgamc
pcrmitlcd manyvarialions i.lhe order ofthe eady
moves, hul whe. the nodemganebegatr (..1475)
moves needed to be played in precise order- and
the stndy ol opcnings b.gan. Progress was slow
becanse openings are developed by an empi.ical
process of tnal and eror. APan lron a leaP
forward toNards the end ol lhe 16th enlury lhere