chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

218 MORPHY ATTACK
MORPIIY ATTACK, 469, the most popular
condnuadon fron fte NoRIN msmoN oI ihe
lvANs cAMBrr. J. H. BTACGURNE was probably lhe
6sr mdier to us€ this li.e co.sistendy. bui n nad
been played earlier by BouDoNNds in his 84lh
march game against MCDoNNELT, 1834.
MORPITY DEFENCE, 568, th
of the BrsEoP's c^MBrr.
Also 352, the move 3 . . . a6 played against the
spANrsxoprxrNc. Thismove, n61sivenbvDELro,
played by srA{LEy in lhe match wilb Rousseau i,
1845 and by LowENrsd againsr MoRrEy in tE58,
be€me popular aner its su@esstul adoption by
Morphy.ln 1889 sErNnzwrotei on principle this
lmovel otrshr to be diad,anraeeous as il dnves thc
bishop wbere il wanls to go.' His view ha not
Prevaned. More lhan a dozen other replies have
been tried on Black\ third move bui 3 . . . a6 is
more often playcd than aU ofthcm put togethcr.
MORPIIY GAMBM, 237, IhE
MORPHY VARIATION, 504. the nrsEnzK
AEAC(. Also 610. thc CAMPBILL yearoN ol the
KrNc s cA@r Accepred. usually called the E.
Morphy Variadon afterMoRpHy\ uncle and chess
inslructor Ernesl Morphy (1807 74).
MORRA GAMBII, 237 in tn
Thn [ne, whicb recurs from timc to time. sas
advocaled in the 1940s by tlre French playcr Picrrc
Mom 0900-69) and n aho caled rhe Fleissis,
Matulovia, Morphy. or Rivadavia Gambil.
MORTIMER, JAMES (183!1911). Amcri.an
plarer,journalist. platrvright. Enployed in the US
Diplomatic Serice from 1855 to 1860, he was
based in P.ri, and for his work thc Emperoi
Napoleon III awarded hin the Crossofthe Lcgion
of Honour. Hc remained as a journalisi in ?aft
until 1870 phen hc (likc thc E6pero, seltled in
England. There he became p.oprictorofa t-ondon
newspaper, FrAzlo, to Nhich srErNrrz conr.ibuted
an elcellent chess column. The paper ceased
publication when Mortimer went ro pri$n ralher
than reveal the idenlity oi a conribtrtor whose
{ork resulted in a lihel action. Mortimer was
su@essful as a pla!ryright wilh more than 30
Londoo produ.lions lo his name. Whilc reporting
Spaint fiFl inlemalio.al lourname.t. which rook
place at San Sebastiafl. hc caught pneunonia and
died. (see ProN.oFrr.l
MORTIMER DEFENCE,433, a weak r€ply 10 thc
sPANtss oPDING probablt devised lor the purpose
oI *lting lhc MoRrrMB rRAp. a shaUow delice.
MORTIMER TRAP. 434 in ihe sr^Nrsr orENrNc.
Blaci Mns a piece: 5 Bc4 Qa5 + , or 5 Nc4 d6 (not 5
. . ch5 6 Nd6 malei 6 B2.1b5
MOSCOW VARIATION, 105, rhe DUR6
v.eroN of 1he aUEEN's cAMBn Declined. fron
lhe games Bogoljuhow-MaEhall and Duz
KholimistrBohatirchuk, Mos@$ 1925j 260 Gee
MTRRoRMAE) and 281, 1wo ound attackine lincs in
the sr.rlraN DETENCE, unrelated to one a.other,
both developed in rhe 1930si 384, the EowELL
ATAC( iN thE SPANISH OPENINC.
MOTZI(O AITACI(, 378 in the spANrss opENrNG,
lested by Motzko in conesponden@ play around
1910, and played in the gane Brcycr-Spiclmann,
Pislyan 1912. Fraflz Motzko, a ci tize n of Tlzynielz
(now cieszyn) on rhe czecn Poish border, was
editor lron a dislance of a chess column in the
Viennesc ncvspaperl?cr.tupdsrbeforethe dissolu
tion of the ADsrro-Hung.rian Enpire.
MoURnT, JACOUES-FRANCOIS (..178?
i837), Fiench playcr. A srear-flephew or pHrL,DoR
and pupil of DESCHAPELLES, he beeme chess tutor
ofthctutureking,t uis-Philippe. Hesasactever
leUow, sharp, gay, lirely, anusing, and had st udied
seriously the theoryofchc$. hywhicb hc nade his
living. His talent redeemed a litlle therude.e$ oI
hh manner and a ce.lain licentioNness which he
indulged in. lle usd to be in a otrlinuat srate ol
seni intolication', srole Delannoy. Mouret was
onc ofthc nost snc.cssfnlopcraton of lhe ruR(.
Ol more lhan 300 games inwhich he gave iheodds
oI pawn and move, he lostonly 6 while inside the
AnroMAroN ,nd a mllection of 50 01 the best ol
tncse games sa publish€d in 1820. In 1834, to
meei hir ffed for drink he $ld the recret nf the
Turk, ihe onlv one ol the manyoperalore to break
MovE, (1) rhe traoslcr of a man to anothc' and
vacant squarci the l.ansfer ol a nan to a square
'orcupied by an enemy man which is tben renoved
nom rhe board (a cAmE): cAsrrNG, the only
move ior whicn tuo ren arc transfcircd: an EN
PAssANr capturei PRoMolloN i lo nake a nove, i. e.
to nake a srNcLE MovE.
A nove is conpleled when rheplayer\ hand no
longertonchcscitherthc man that has bccn moved
(Ior casrlins this means the rook) or rhe substituted
piece in &e c.se of pronoliod. Conpledon aho
requires rhal a pawn on the eignth rank or a
captur.d man shall hare been removed from the
board. Sonetimes a player noves a nan to a
square and picks i1 up again wilhout releasing his
holdihcisrhcnboundbyther
In compelition play the Eove is not compleled
until the player has slopped his clock unless nate
or slalemate has ahcady cnded the Came.
The moves of games, stndies, and orthodox
problems are counted by lhe nuhber ot white
doles. ln this sense a 6ove means lso singlcmolcs
(onc by whitc. one by Black), or a
single-move by While. A game of.lO moves. Ior
exanple. would onsist oi 40 single-moves by