chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, but the fitst
maLhes ol consequence ro the
same .s played loday weie thosc between M.DoN
NE .r. and BouRDoNNNs in 1834. and, almost a new
departure at the 1inc, thc 85 gane scores were
.ecorded. srAUNroN achievedhissuPrenacysolcly
by maich play and the 6rsl world championship
contesl 1886 was also a nalch. Thc chcss public
prcfcr ro have a nalch champion ralher ihrn a
chanpionship detcrmined by lournanent play.
Until1937 world championship nalchcswcrc won
bvrhelirstplaye.loscore apredetcrminedntrmber
oiNins. fi6t ten, then eight, and lastly six. Fron
l95l to 1972 chanpionship maiches org.nized by
FIDEwere won bylheplayerwho lislscorcd l2i
points out of a m inun oi 24 games. Several
limes thcsc matches ended sith an anli clinax,
short draws wnhout a ight. For eumple lhe last
two Sanes oI rhe 1957 malch lasted 13 and 11
moves. ofthc 1963 nalch 10 and 10 moles. (Both
narchcs $e.e losl by BoflrNN'(i allesedly a greal
6ghtc..) Fonunarely, through lhe inliuence oI
iscEER,. ieal lighte.. the rules *ere changcd aM
victory in the championship nat nes oI 1978 and
l98l went lo $e playcr who 6st won si, games
There have becn manynon chrnpionshimatches
berNe.n great players, espccially in the 19lh
centnry. norably csrconN\ stnring fi8hts against
clNsBERc .nd rARRAS.H. suchnatches hlve hccn
less lrequcnt since the second world War. pa.lly
becaurc leadi.g nasters resctre theirslrengtb for
tlrc.ANDTD^rES natches. (see.LEN scorE.)
Fccnstra Kuiper, Huhdert Jahre Sthachz ei
MATCH TOTJRNAMENT. a lournamcnt in\lhicb
playcrs meet eachother a prcdctcrmined nnnber
of tines, Siving the cvcnt the character ot match
plat. Therc is no defrned lover limit. bnt a
doublc{ound toumanenr would not be .6garded
as a match toumamenl. Tnc carly knock out
rournanentswere Pl.yed as a series ofn.tches ior
the bes! of so many ganes. but these werc not
match tournaments. There havc hccn feN attemPts
io arange aLL PLAY ALr-louflramenls as besl oix
ganes. betNeen each player. The resul! when this
{as rried i. the Vicnm ioternational tournamcnt
l8?3 qas ncilber salisiaclory nor popular.
I4{TE, see cnE.(ME.
MATERIAL, the picces and p.qns excluding thc
kinss. To have a nalenal advantase h lo bave
morc men or nen olgreatcrvalue. (see VALUE or
MATD TRANSFERI'NCE. a iotn of CHANGID
pGy: ia two or nore psAsEs ol a problcm Whne
makes the same naring novc in reply to difierenl
+2
MATIISON 207
A problem by ELLmMAN tnat won first pnze in tbe
/rdlaS."c.rdr.a iourney. 1951. Thereare lbursct
play nares (wnat would hapPen il Black Rc.e io
...c6 2 Bb6
...g6 2 Qxc?
1...g5 2Qc1
The key is 1Nd6- thrcateningNbT, add id lour
main variadons thc maring moves ol thc sct Play
recur, pre.eded by 'changed black moves:
...Qxd6 2Qcl.
For oiher exanples ot natc lranslerence see
RlGLrs EIME .nd thc problem by sroccE under
MATING NEl, an arrangenent of pic.cs and
pa{ns around a kidg in such away lhal il Bill soon
MATTHF]WS. ROBIN CIIARLES OLIVER
(1927 ), British composer, tnrernational Judge
oiChc$ Compositions (1957), lntcn,alional Ma!
rcr ror chess conpositions (1965), econonist,
appoinred Masrer otClarc College, CaBbridge in
1975.Hehasspccialiudino hodoxrrR..-MovERs
.nd isamongrheworld s leadeis in thislield. (See
MATTISON, HERMANIS KARLOVICH 089,L
1932), Latvian player and studlrconposcr. In 1924
he son his country's Iirst chlmpio.ship tonrnamentand
lalerthatyear. ancadof coLLEand EUwE,
the lirsr Noild amatcur championship, aranged in
@nnection snh the OlynPic Games al Paris. In
rhc second and l.s1 anatcur championshiP orga
nized by EDtratThe Hague in 1928, he took lhird
prize altcr Ense and pRzEs6Rxa ahcad ofBrcru{.
Mani$n conpowd nany studies. for which per
haps he n beuer knosn, and was also a slrong
ENDGAMrplaycr. HeplayedfirsrboardforLatviaat
thc Prague Olympiad 1931, and 1wo ol his victins
SEIE
^LEKEINE
Nd RUBINST'IN WhOM hC dEIEAIEd