chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld
ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lime. ln the second all platr all inrernational toumaf, ent- London 1862. sir prizes were ofiered. an inducement to play thai led lo ALLT MWANDLUNG, or ,4u,, a German lem (1,t. omni proEolion) thar descnbes. omposirion task consisting of tnc promolio. ol a pawn or pasns to Q, R, B. and N.ln a.Am, pRoRrrM the rcrn would also include promotion lo every kind of lairy piece rhat is present in $e initial posilion. In a problcm lhe piomorions are usually concurem, and ii isdesirable. but noiessentialj thatlhcsame pawn should be promoted in eachcasei in astudy the promo tions nay b e concurrenr or consecu tive. (For eunples see ELtuArE and NEURAL GN.) ANALYST, one who analyses the game. espccially the openings or rhe endgane. ANASTASIA'S MAlll]. The ram€ is rakcn lron a novel bv Wilheln Heinse (1749 1803),.1drr6ia zd das .tcra.nJpi./ (Franklurt, 1803). % W&%* 7z% ffi?,e% AIIAR GAMBIT, 700, tbe pARrs cAMBrr. AMAR OPENING, 699, bcttcrknown asther F$ opENrNG. The Parisian anateur Charles Anar often played il in the 1930s. AMATIROSIS SCIIACCHISTICA- an ailmcnt diagnosed by tnc physician raRRAs.H. There is no su.e preveniive ireatmenr and rhere n some eyidene lhar n m.y be intedious. Tbe nai. symprom is the making of obvious bul unchara.lcF istic blundcs, a complaint mo.e commonlyknowD AII-{ZON, an unorthodox piccc that combines lhe powesolrook. bhhop. and kni8ht. Fnstde$nbed in a l6rh-century manuscnpr no$ in Pcrugia. this pie.e *as somelinesuscdin thenext tso cenrunes as a substitutc for the queen in olherwise orthodo! chcss. In vrD^s fanous poen rhe queei vN sometnnes called an anazon. probablylbc6stuse oi rbis word 10 describc a che$ piece. AMDUSaI, a composinon 1em lor a situafion in {hich a line piece would smmand a line il another man, ol cilhcr colon., Nere moved lron the line (li.e-vacationl. ProbieBilts use the sord baltery 10 describe an amtrlsh for whicn both picccs arc ol thc samc colour. a in ihe tNDhN rEEMt. For an exanple with pieces ofopposne colour see Buc( AMERICAN ATTACK, 290, i. the srcnrAN DE FENCL. line advocaredbyPhilipRicha.dson of Ncw York in lhe 1880s bul soon supeneded by NGUscn s move (7 al). AMERICAN TOURNAMENT aMSTERDAM VARIATION, 277, sound way ol altackinS tbe DucoN lARrArroN of lhc suLrAN DnF.N.n. knosn since the 1880s but named nuch ANALYSIS, a detailed examinario. oI the variarions thal ouu anse iron a given position. 1.. Ka7 2b5Ka8 3Kc?Ka? 4Bc8Ka8 5 Bb?+ Ka7 6 b6 oare The aulhor cal ls rh$ An. rhsir's nr?re hnr ilr. n,n,. k n.v ns.d f.r another kind oI nale, atr example olwhich h aho %HW % '%, %* Heinse atrributes thn composition to a Turin olicer'. White plays 1Qc5+ dxc5 2 RdS nate. lhc samc pattcn' may occur when Black\ king n on the edge ol ihe board. c.g. Whitc Rhl and Ne7- Black Kh? andPeTiand when Anastasia\ matc occu6 in play lhis is the forn n usuaUy takes. ANCSOR RrNG, acombinarionolthe verticaland horizontal cylinder boards. used lor F{rRy pRoB- LEMS It could bedepicled on thc exte.nal snrface of a solid body the shapc of a lilebelt. Tb€re are no edgcsr cach rank. file, and diagonal is continuous. ANDERSON, FRAN( ROSS (1928 80),Inlem. tional Mastc' (1954). compurer erPerr. Born in Canada, he played Ior his country in three olynpiads, rhe las!in 196,11twice (i954,1958) he made the besi s.orc on secood board. +13=2 2 and +9=3-l respectively. On the last occasion an atiack olinflueua prevenled his plalrein the lasl round: had be done so, andwhatcvcr the result. he
12 ANDERSON would thetr havc played a suiicien! nunber oI games to have qualifiedlor the litleollnternalion- ANDERSON, CERALD FRAN]. (1898 ]983), English composcr born in Soulh Africa, Inte.nationaljudge orchess composirions (1960). InteF natio.al Master for Chess ComposiiioN (1975), besl trnoNn lor his mREr-MovERs and FAIRY rxoBcMs. He publishcd 120 of his probteds ln A.lventures ol tut chesmen (1911 1923) \1924). In 1938 hc began conposing (nF4sn.L problems a.d in 1959 he published ,'1r. Ir.r€ ,4zr?, the nrsl book on rhe subjc.r, conraining 44 Knecspicl problens. Hc made his areer in thc Brilish Foreign Oiiceandwhileseningin theWashington Emhassy conpo*d, in @llaboration with tbe ,^me.ican problemisl V. L. Eato., $e threcmover Eiven uidcr PRostEu HsronY. Chandler,Flood. and Matlhess, A Tribute to G. F. .1,debr, (1974) coniains 112 problens. ANDERSSEN, KARL ERNST ADOLF 0818 79), winner oI three grcat international lourda nents: London 1851. London 1862, and Baden- Baden 1870. Afterthe fiBl he qas regardedaslbe world\ leading player. First knosn asacomposer, he onstrucled problcms that were poPuiar because olrheir short and lively solutions, and hc published a corrccrion, .1"lsdD en fur Schu.16pkkt (18a2). His problems conPare seU si1h tnose or his contemporanes and he inrcnted one kind oI !o.^L PuY. He continned to compose. but soo. becane norc inieresied inplay, bn inspiration tlre Samcs of the Bourdonn ieMcDonncll malches. In 18,16 be joined lhe editorial stafl of Gemany s newly founded nagazine S.nocnzeitunq. A yeat Ialer hc retu.ned lo bis native city Brcslau (now Wrociaw) \vhere he lived for the rest oI his life. a leacher oI nathematics at the Fried.ichs Gynna siun. when thc lirst inte!.ational toumamenl wd held, in Londo. in 1851, Anderssen\ only.otable playing achievedent- a drawa malch with uN mz in 1848 (+5-5). seemed modestenough, and no onc expecred hin 10 deteal lhe acknosledgcd experts ihen assenbled 10 play a scrics oI knockour narches: yet he won decisively, deleating nlsERrrz(y. sznNj shuNroN, and \Nr in rhar order. At Chnstnas 1858. aller selen yeas sith very lirtle practice, Anderesen wenr to Pa.is io meet MoNsy. A natch of 11 ganes iasring nine days ended witn Ande6se. s defeai. Il is impo$ sible'. he renarked,'ro keep ones skiu JMcBlcr' r.harnl in . showc6e. likc a jewel.' Morphy broke his promisc to play a returtr match in which, under lcss adveBe circunstances, Andersen mighl weU have given a belter accounl ol himsell tle now began 10 lakc chcss mo.e senously. ?rimanly an artacking player, te superimpded sonc positional skils and imprcved his play th.oughont lhe 1860s. lr 186l he defeated (ollscs in 6atch play (+4:2 3) and in the s(eat internarional tourn. mcnt. London 1862, he came firsl ahead ol his pnncipal nval L. pAULSEN. Afterwards these llo played anatch. andthcyagrccd adraw(+3:2 3) when Andcrssetr Nas obli8ed lo retn.n to Breslau. He took hiswork conscienliotrsly and a.oud 1862 was entitled professor otmathem.riB and ot tbe Gernan language: in Jan. 1865 he was given an honoraiy degree- Doctor ofPhilosophy and Maste. oI Libcral A s. (Thh dodorale was nol asa.ded for bis chess acbievenenls, as comnonty In 1866 Andessen narrowl, lost a match lo srENrz (+6-8) afte. a series of stirine 8anes. (Neithe. steinirz nor anyone else slggested that a.y kind oi chanpionship was invol,ed.) Bade.- Baden 1870 was thc strongest toumanenl held uP ro fiat limci and Anderssen's victory lhead ol Steinilz. Bh.suN!. and NEUMANN Nas thc bcst of his career. He remaincd among the lop hall dozen playes uotil his death, his last nor ble achievement beiog at Leipzi8 1877 when he cane sccond equal wilh zurcRrcRr hard on the heetsol his old nval L. Pautsen. A laU nan Niih a sloop, clean-shaven, prena' iurely bald- Andcrssen lived quietly rh hn norher and sisrer: he nerer matied. ln thc holidals he would olren lralel 10 Berlin or olhcr cities to play chess, in 1em rime plare( oicn came to Breslau, many hopingto iealn lrom him. Yea$ later iTENANN wrote a book about tbe achiele ments of Andessens puPils, lnong shom wetc Neumann and Zukertort. Aparl irom hh vork Andessen seened to have no interests other than playing cncss or havine a dnnk rnh inends. At l-ondon in 1851, asked vhy he had not sccn lbe G.eat Exhibidon- he rcplicd 'I came to London to play ches.'He contcsted nume.ous fiendly games against beginncrs and expens alike,.ever fearing br nis rcputarioni he probably prefered this tind orches in which his flair lor brillianl tacti.al play could nave full rein. (Scc EvERt;nEEN 6AME and TMMoRTAL cAMn. ) Ahhongh he was rather shy with slrangcn the charactensdc Nbich energes nost frequenlly is Andersen s pleasanl nature. Steinitz wrote Anderssen was honest and honourable to the corc. Without iear oi falour he slraightfooa.dly gave his opinion, and his sincerc disinterestedness becamcsopate.t. . . thal hisword alone was usuaUy sumcient to quel dnPutes . . . for he had often given his decision in favour of a nval...' When Aode.s*n died the Deurs.nt Scho.hzeitung ENe an obnuary lhal ran to 19 black-lined pagesi a.d rcrB *ro1e no one ever speaks ill ot Andersen. ln death as in life aU chess playeG arc hh fiiends.' (See aNr'PosInoNAL H. lon Goltrcnall, /\dof ,4nd.N., (1912) tun tains 80 p.obl€ms, 787 games, and bioslaphy- with texr in Gernan. A reprinl aas issued in 1979iG. Pollak, Weltgeschichk des Scho.ht: Anderssd I (1968) @nlains 604 sames played fton 184,1 io
- Page 2 and 3: The game of ches exerts a fascinati
- Page 4 and 5: THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
- Page 6 and 7: PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
- Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
- Page 10 and 11: ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
- Page 12 and 13: 16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
- Page 14 and 15: game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
- Page 16 and 17: l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
- Page 18 and 19: AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
- Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
- Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
- Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
- Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
- Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
- Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
- Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
- Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
- Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
- Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
- Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
- Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
- Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
- Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
- Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
- Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
- Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
- Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
- Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
- Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
- Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
- Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
- Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
- Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
12 ANDERSON<br />
would thetr havc played a suiicien! nunber oI<br />
games <strong>to</strong> have qualifiedlor the litleollnternalion-<br />
ANDERSON, CERALD FRAN]. (1898 ]983),<br />
English composcr born in Soulh Africa, Inte.nationaljudge<br />
or<strong>chess</strong> composirions (1960). InteF<br />
natio.al Master for <strong>Chess</strong> ComposiiioN (1975),<br />
besl trnoNn lor his mREr-MovERs and FAIRY<br />
rxoBcMs. He publishcd 120 of his probteds ln<br />
A.lventures ol tut chesmen (1911 1923) \1924).<br />
In 1938 hc began conposing (nF4sn.L problems<br />
a.d in 1959 he published ,'1r. Ir.r€ ,4zr?, the nrsl<br />
book on rhe subjc.r, conraining 44 Knecspicl<br />
problens. Hc made his areer in thc Brilish<br />
Foreign Oiiceandwhileseningin theWashing<strong>to</strong>n<br />
Emhassy conpo*d, in @llaboration with tbe<br />
,^me.ican problemisl V. L. Ea<strong>to</strong>., $e threcmover<br />
Eiven uidcr PRostEu HsronY.<br />
Chandler,Flood. and Matlhess, A Tribute <strong>to</strong> G. F.<br />
.1,debr, (1974) coniains 112 problens.<br />
ANDERSSEN, KARL ERNST ADOLF 0818<br />
79), winner oI three grcat international lourda<br />
nents: London 1851. London 1862, and Baden-<br />
Baden 1870. Afterthe fiBl he qas regardedaslbe<br />
world\ leading player. <strong>First</strong> knosn asacomposer,<br />
he onstrucled problcms that were poPuiar<br />
because olrheir short and lively solutions, and hc<br />
published a corrccrion, .1"lsdD en fur Schu.16pkkt<br />
(18a2). His problems conPare seU si1h tnose or<br />
his contemporanes and he inrcnted one kind oI<br />
!o.^L PuY. He continned <strong>to</strong> compose. but soo.<br />
becane norc inieresied inplay, bn inspiration tlre<br />
Samcs of the Bourdonn ieMcDonncll malches. In<br />
18,16 be joined lhe edi<strong>to</strong>rial stafl of Gemany s<br />
newly founded nagazine S.nocnzeitunq. A yeat<br />
Ialer hc retu.ned lo bis native city Brcslau (now<br />
Wrociaw) \vhere he lived for the rest oI his life. a<br />
leacher oI nathematics at the Fried.ichs Gynna<br />
siun. when thc lirst inte!.ational <strong>to</strong>umamenl wd<br />
held, in Londo. in 1851, Anderssen\ only.otable<br />
playing achievedent- a drawa malch with uN<br />
mz in 1848 (+5-5). seemed modestenough, and<br />
no onc expecred hin 10 deteal lhe acknosledgcd<br />
experts ihen assenbled 10 play a scrics oI knockour<br />
narches: yet he won decisively, deleating<br />
nlsERrrz(y. sznNj shuNroN, and \Nr in rhar<br />
order. At Chnstnas 1858. aller selen yeas sith<br />
very lirtle practice, Anderesen wenr <strong>to</strong> Pa.is io<br />
meet MoNsy. A natch of 11 ganes iasring nine<br />
days ended witn Ande6se. s defeai. Il is impo$<br />
sible'. he renarked,'ro keep ones skiu JMcBlcr'<br />
r.harnl in . showc6e. likc a jewel.' Morphy broke<br />
his promisc <strong>to</strong> play a returtr match in which, under<br />
lcss adveBe circunstances, Andersen mighl weU<br />
have given a belter accounl ol himsell tle now<br />
began 10 lakc chcss mo.e senously. ?rimanly an<br />
artacking player, te superimpded sonc positional<br />
skils and imprcved his play th.oughont lhe 1860s.<br />
lr 186l he defeated (ollscs in 6atch play<br />
(+4:2 3) and in the s(eat internarional <strong>to</strong>urn.<br />
mcnt. London 1862, he came firsl ahead ol his<br />
pnncipal nval L. pAULSEN. Afterwards these llo<br />
played anatch. andthcyagrccd adraw(+3:2 3)<br />
when Andcrssetr Nas obli8ed lo retn.n <strong>to</strong> Breslau.<br />
He <strong>to</strong>ok hiswork conscienliotrsly and a.oud 1862<br />
was entitled professor otmathem.riB and ot tbe<br />
Gernan language: in Jan. 1865 he was given an<br />
honoraiy degree- Doc<strong>to</strong>r ofPhilosophy and Maste.<br />
oI Libcral A s. (Thh dodorale was nol<br />
asa.ded for bis <strong>chess</strong> acbievenenls, as comnonty<br />
In 1866 Andessen narrowl, lost a match lo<br />
srENrz (+6-8) afte. a series of stirine 8anes.<br />
(Neithe. steinirz nor anyone else slggested that<br />
a.y kind oi chanpionship was invol,ed.) Bade.-<br />
Baden 1870 was thc strongest <strong>to</strong>umanenl held uP<br />
ro fiat limci and Anderssen's vic<strong>to</strong>ry lhead ol<br />
Steinilz. Bh.suN!. and NEUMANN Nas thc bcst<br />
of his career. He remaincd among the lop<br />
hall dozen playes uotil his death, his last nor ble<br />
achievement beiog at Leipzi8 1877 when he cane<br />
sccond equal wilh zurcRrcRr hard on the heetsol<br />
his old nval L. Pautsen.<br />
A laU nan Niih a sloop, clean-shaven, prena'<br />
iurely bald- Andcrssen lived quietly rh hn<br />
norher and sisrer: he nerer matied. ln thc<br />
holidals he would olren lralel 10 Berlin or olhcr<br />
cities <strong>to</strong> play <strong>chess</strong>, in 1em rime plare( oicn came<br />
<strong>to</strong> Breslau, many hoping<strong>to</strong> iealn lrom him. Yea$<br />
later iTENANN wrote a book about tbe achiele<br />
ments of Andessens puPils, lnong shom wetc<br />
Neumann and Zuker<strong>to</strong>rt. Aparl irom hh vork<br />
Andessen seened <strong>to</strong> have no interests other than<br />
playing cncss or havine a dnnk rnh inends. At<br />
l-ondon in 1851, asked vhy he had not sccn lbe<br />
G.eat Exhibidon- he rcplicd 'I came <strong>to</strong> London <strong>to</strong><br />
play ches.'He contcsted nume.ous fiendly games<br />
against beginncrs and expens alike,.ever fearing<br />
br nis rcputarioni he probably prefered this tind<br />
orches in which his flair lor brillianl tacti.al play<br />
could nave full rein. (Scc EvERt;nEEN 6AME and<br />
TMMoRTAL cAMn. ) Ahhongh he was rather shy with<br />
slrangcn the charactensdc Nbich energes nost<br />
frequenlly is Andersen s pleasanl nature. Steinitz<br />
wrote Anderssen was honest and honourable <strong>to</strong><br />
the corc. Without iear oi falour he slraightfooa.dly<br />
gave his opinion, and his sincerc disinterestedness<br />
becamcsopate.t. . . thal hisword<br />
alone was usuaUy sumcient <strong>to</strong> quel dnPutes . . .<br />
for he had often given his decision in favour of a<br />
nval...' When Aode.s*n died the Deurs.nt<br />
Scho.hzeitung ENe an obnuary lhal ran <strong>to</strong> 19<br />
black-lined pagesi a.d rcrB *ro1e no one ever<br />
speaks ill ot Andersen. ln death as in life aU<br />
<strong>chess</strong> playeG arc hh fiiends.' (See aNr'PosInoNAL<br />
H. lon Goltrcnall, /\dof ,4nd.N., (1912) tun<br />
tains 80 p.obl€ms, 787 games, and bioslaphy- with<br />
texr in Gernan. A reprinl aas issued in 1979iG.<br />
Pollak, Weltgeschichk des Scho.ht: Anderssd I<br />
(1968) @nlains 604 sames played f<strong>to</strong>n 184,1 io
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