chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

198 MCDONNELL ATTACK
tive play pardv, pe.haps. becalse oi ill health. Hc
dicd after a long iltness.
IICDONNFjLL ATTACK. 575 or 576 in the KNc s
G MDxAcceplcd ThisaIack.ppearstohavchcen
Fepared by MCDoNNELL for his matches witn
BouDoNN^rs in I834. wheo he played the BrsHoris
cAMBr in five games and losl them all. For sone
nncxplained reison he never tried nh nes anact,
which to this day is considered one olrhc h.s1a1
M.DONNEIJ, NOIIBI,E GAMRIT J11 in Ih.
BrssoP's oPrN'Nc, introdued byM.DoNNILL in thc
24th gane ot his Rrsl match against BouiDoNNdsj
183.1
McIx)llNELL GAMBIT, 588 in the KNG'S cA@n
A{epted. sumessfully ini.odu.cd by MCDoNNTLL
in the li61 g.me oI his lhird match against
BouRDoNNArs. This alternative ro rhe Muzro c M-
3r,597. is rega.ded as a less cffcciive choice, but
h.s nol been lesred lhorou8l y.
MAC(!NZrE, ARTHUR FORD (1861-t$5),
comPoser ol Scoaish dcscenl, a schoolteachcr in
Jamaica. He composed orrhodox No- and rEREr-
MovERs and published sone ofhis Nork in Ct.rri
Itt Poerr ond P6e (18u7). Hn [te mieht have
passed unrenarkably had nol illness bioughi thc
Ioss oI his sighl in the early monrhs of I896. Atrer a
pe.iod oI dcspair he lound he could stillconpose,
aDd soon his p.oblcms were even better ihan
before. Moreover, he began to move avay ftom
thcconvcntional style ofhis tine.In particular rhe
g.owing popularity ot the tro nove. and i1s
turther development owcd much to his influen.e.
(Sce co,NcrDENcE; cRoss-.Ar.(i oDrrusN! prE ri
A. C. White, altess a),ri6 (1905) contains 282
problems by Mackenzie.
MACI(ENZIE, GEORCE HENRY (183? 90.
Scotlish-born player who was ode of the wond\
6esthali dozen players in rhe 1880s. Atrer leavnre
school in 1853 Mackcnzie weni ro France ani
Germany aad f.ied bis hand in business for aboul
three vears: al.cadv kee. on chess- he besan to
(tud, rhe gdme sinouslJ,lunne rhF p_enod.
Frndins otlre surk unconEr0rdl. he houlhr d
onnission in the Kingt Royal Rilte Cory; and
scned in Ireland. where he met M^{ooNNELL. and
for a bricttine 0857 8) in rndia. He resisned hn
connission in 1861 and camc to lnndon to sain
chess expenence. ln lhe sumner of 1862 be lost a
malch 10 MacDonncil (+4=2 7), but made such
Eos.ess lhal he Non a retum match. 1862-l
(+6=2 3). Mackenzie, whoj {1o1e sEhrz.
'coBbined uprightness silh good temper a.d
suavily of disposition and manneE , had becone
one oI the slrongest two or three Bndsh-born
playc6.ln 1863 he wenl to the US.A a.denhteditr
the Northcrn ardy. AJter 15 weeks as aprivate he
becane a caprain in a Negro iniantry reeimc.t
fron wbich he was dischargcd a lcs months later,
allegcdly lor {jesertion and imprc$6en!. He
rejoined tnc army in the .utunn oI 1864 to ligh1
snhdistindioninthrccbaltles,rteruhi.hhes,(
aresled (for Lis earlier deserlion) and inpnsoned.
Aftcr his release in M.y 1865 he sertled in New
York and dc,otcd most ol his line to chess. Fro,n
then unlil 1880 he contcstcd 13 tournaments and ?
malches in the USA. Undefeatcd in them.ll. he
wasrightlyregardedas the besr player in rhe US,^.
Apart lrom BrRDi pariicipation in aloumameniat
New York in 1876 all Mackenzic\ tournane.t
opponents qere Amencan. e drew only one ot
his mat.hes, aAainst M.r Judd (,, Judkicwicz)
(i852 1906) in 18?9.
Mackenzie s early eamcs wcrcplayedin.ltack
ing slyle and, {rore Steinitz, new idcas made no
impiession on hin unlil he had compcrcd seleral
limes in Europcan lournaments.' The fiEt oI hh
tnpsftomAmericatoEnropc{asin 1878, whenhe
playcdalParisrinrhistoumamenrandothcrsfiong
o.es, Vicnna 1882. London 1883, Hamburg I885,
.nd London 1886, hc took a high place. Aho in
1886 he drew a march with uuRN (+1=2 4). He
apparendy absorbed rhe inew idcas in view olhis
oulstanding achievenent at Frankturt 1887: fi^t
prize (+i3:4 3) onc and a halt points ahead of
nrac@unE and wErss who sharcd second prize:
except lor Sleinitz .nd cErco{N most of the
world s. besi playc6. includin8 rNus.H, wcrc
In tnc 1880s Mackenzie dere lo ped tube rcu losis.
Norwirhstanding his poor ondition he sharcd third
place with Bnd aftcr'rarasch and Blackbtrr.c at
Manchener 1890. his last tournameni when he
rcturned to fie USA his iuness bccame so severe
that hc fch hc hadbecome toomnchofa hurden to
others. IIe died ofan overdose oI morpbine which
according to Steinnz was rakcn intenrionally.
Ma.*cnzic Masn
l e4 e6 2 d4 d5 I Nc3 NI6 4 erd5 exd5 5 Nfl Bd6 6
Bd30 0 7i}oNca, 3&5Nc? 9BxI6gx16 l0Nh.lKg7
1l Qh5Rh3 1214c6 13RuNe6 llRatQcT 15Ne2