chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

flErony ) He was bom.t Barackpur, India. and
canetoEnglandwhcn hisfalher, !8eneral, retired
in 182,1. Around 1838, when hc gradnated lrom
Can6ridge, he played a tew ganes wnb eauNro{
'$iihoDt dhadvantage 10 either side . Soon atterwards
he relu.ned to Indiaand in Aug.1844, while
serving as chaplain al St James's Chnr.h. Delhi,
sent his fanous problem lo Stautriotr, accompanicd
byalctlcrsigned Shagird. Thn Persian or Turkish
sord meansstudent. andwasthc nameassunedby
Loveday lor his published gamcs in the D../hi
Oazer. ind lor ihe lew problems he .omposcd.
Although Slaunlon relealed Lovedays idertily
morc lhan oncc manyproblemists thought Shaginl
was an indigenoBs Indian, a belicfthat l]crsistcd
untii 1920 whe. J. uLEtEpublished his.esearches
in tle British Ch.ss Mogazin?. wlren the I.dian
problcm was published in 1845 Loveday was
already sufieriae from tne livcr dhcasc that latcr
caused hn death. (see cioBLrM H,s,oRy.)
LOWENTITAL, JANos JAKAB (1810 76), one
of rhebestbalf-dozen playeGolthe 1850s.'lhc son
ola Budapest merchant, Ldwenrhai inproved his
play. cspccially in the .NDcaME, by pracrice wnh
szEN. Ldsenthal li6t becamc widcly knowo as a
menber oI rhe leam that defeated Parh ar
corespondenceche$,1842 5. In 18,16 he lraveued
i. Europe, defeating many playc6, bu1 losing
more Sanes than he won when he playcd r-AsA nr
Vienna. LiiNenlhil served Kossuth's revolurionarygovernmenlin
a cililian capacny and when lhe
regime sas overihrown iD 1849 hc fied to New
York, ariving almost penniless wiih thc intcntion
of raleiling wesl and seuling on the land.
Educated, cultured, elegantly diessed, a cny
dwcllcr uDuscd to maoual Nor[, he @uld h.rdl!
have thought of a morc uDsuiiablc plan. Forlunatc
ly cbess playe6, especialLy sr^Nlr!, came ro his
aid and he began a prore$ion.l che$ career bt
esrablishing a ciCar divan lor lhe ptayers ol
Cincin.ati. About a yed late. hh ostomcB paid
his lare to rhe lnndon International Tou.nament
of l85l rheie he wls knocked olt in the fiBt
round by uLLr^Ms whom. ho$cvcr. hc subsc
quendy dele.red in a narch (+7=4 5). HoN d
STAUWN symPalhized wnh Ldwenthal s plighl as
a political rcfugcc and oblained lbr hin lhe
secretaryshipoItne SiCeorge\CncssClu6at!llx)
a year. Lijwendal now setrled in England. and
earned money by terching chess (he invented tbe
nEMoNsrRAloN uoAiD). by organizins che$ eved6
(including the world's second inlcrnational tourna
nent, London i862). and by editing chess
colum.s. the besl knosn olwhi.h he conducred in
7r€ E/a f.om 1854 to 186?. Hc cditcd tlc al&.rr
PtaJ s Magzinefuo lq$ro 1867, andlor many
yeas, first as namSei and then as secretary.
seNed rhc Brnish cnc$ A$ociation
His sonewhat nenous tenperament was nol
wellsuited to seriouspliy. In 1851he losr a sho.r
mat h lo BUc(r..; and he had the worse oi. series
olganeswith^NDLRSSEN:in lS53hcnarroslylost
a long match against HARxwrziin 1858 hc losl to
MopBY althougb he Sained substantial opening
adlannge in 6ostolrheganes. L6wenth.l s besr
achievement Nas ar tnc Bnmingham tourname.l
1858: he won 6rst pnze (1631 alter succesively
deteating St.unlon (+2), owEN (+2-l), and
rA' mErR (+3=4 l) in rhe last three rounds. Tbe
greatest openiDss expert of his timc. hc oltcn failcd
to make tbe non ot the dvanl ges he gained.
Slaunton remarted: Tbe Hungarian plays rhe
oFnings rcmarkably Ncll-but whcn hc gcts inlo
the middle game he plays like a rook player',
adding afte. a panse,'By George. sns, he B a.ook
Ldwenrhrl wrote The Chess