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KERES 163 and having lew opportunities in his youth 1oneer darcs (in effect aI challcnsen) were selecled by other playe$. fic played in(ead several hundrcd uDE. Keres canc third (+8=5 7) cqual aith gancs by correspondencei by thh means he Resbersky altcr Botvinnil and Smyslov. Keres acquired suflicienr sLill to wia the nalion.l oler thc. t,layed in all live Candidates loumadenlsl lhe board championship in 1934. Estonia, havine Budapest 1950, loDllh (+3:12 2); NcuhauseF tound hersclf a slar. decided ro compcte in the zunch 1953, second (+8=16-4) equal *nh Olynpiad at Warsa* 1935 Keres lcd the team, Reshcvsky after Sntslovi Amsterd.B 1956. scorcd more wins lhan anyothcr top-board Plalei, sccond (+3=14 1) altcr Smyslovi Bled-Zagrcb a.d surpnsed the chcsswodd with bolh hissueNs Bellrade 1959. sccond (+15=? 6l after L{Liand and ue brilliance of his Play. (Hc aho hd an cu;eao 1962, second (+9=16-2) equ.l with Estonian ream in l937..ndagain in l9l9shenhis GILL.R h all a point afl er PFrRos Y^N In a Play otf to country Non the bronze mcdal.) Keres soon dclcrnine a ch.ll.nger (should the .hampion. p.oved rhar his results in WarsaNBe!.noaeidenl. Bolvinnik- retnc sithout playjig) Keres defeated He shared fi6r prizewirhrE(sNtr(+4=5) ar Bad celler (+2=5 1). Seeded as a Candidate in 1965 Nauheim 1936 and vnh rIN. (+6=3) ahead oi (crcs lost the quarteFinal oalch to sP^ssKt. Alckhine at Margate 1937. Keres wnies that Dnring these yca6 Keres won a match agrinst bccanse oI one or tso conparative lailuresaround uNzciEB (1956. +4=,1)- won the UssR Champron\hip in la5U (+t=?-2) dnJ lorl (+q=6-Z), this tine he began playing in a nore solid manner. taking lewer risks, which brought him firsl Pnze Jnd $un or \hdrcd fiAt prize in '* nrunS (+6=6-2) ahead oi Finc, c iniernationll totrrnamenrs: Budapest 1952 sn, and FroHr at Sennering-Baden 1937, lhe (+10=5 2) ahead oi Gellcr. Botvinnik, and strongen tournamcni of the year. Widcly rcgarded Snyslov: llaslings 195,L5 (+6=2 1) equal sith dsapossiblcluturechanpion, Kcrcswasinvited to Smtslov: Zurnh l96r (+?=4) aheadolPcirosyanl ,lay in the tournamcnr 1938, a gatb€ing oi Los Angelcs 1S63. about calegory 14 (+6=5 3), rhe world s ^vxo besr cieht platers and th. shongest qucl qirh Perrosyan, Bclctr\itk lo6a (+8=7)i lournamcnt held up to that timc. Playing even cnd Manan\Le Lczne 065 (+7=8) equn wirh morc solidly Ke.es sored +3:ll to share lirst Hort. In seven Olympiadsconsecutively lrom 1952 prize witb Fine.ln thc same yearhe drew rmatch ro 1961(eresmadcthe besl score al tnirdorfourth wirhsriHru.R.; (+2:4 2). Soon aller KcrcsNoo board on fonr occasions and a rotal score oI a1 Margate 1939 (+6-3) ahead of Capablanca and +53:32-3.In l9T5heplaycdin his lasl all play all Flohrthe Second World warbegan. and hopesol a tou,rrament, ac.tegory I I eventheld, aPpropriately. in Tallinn. and son ftst prizc (+6=9) world cbrnpionship matcb lorhinor anyonechc Returning home aier a tnp 10 Canada, where be While Enoni! and lhc Netherlands were slill al won rhc Swiss systen opcn chanpionship, he dicd perce Keres dcreated ElwE (+6=3-5) in natch from a beafl auack in llelskinki. Thc grealesilos phy lqlo 10. Sr\ munlh\ laLcr Eslunir becrme lo .bess sincc lhe dealh ol Alekhine , s.id nr nt the Suuer Unr.n rnd Kere\. now Ru(\irn ' citizen, playedin thc llSSRChamPionshipoi1940, Keres had played i. cight of rhe ten calegory 15 and ar Leningrad Moscow 19J1, the so'caued or 16 rournamcnts held dunng hn adulr lifc. '.bsolutc championship', in which he took second sinni.g or sharnrg one fiBl prize,llve sccond, one p1a.e (+6= 10 3) altcr Dorl,NNr ahead 6r sMrs third- and one fourih: had orheNisc plared in Lor and BorrsrAvsky. Shortl! alteNards Estonia abour 40 strong international tournamenis, Nin *as nrvadcd and Keres lound hinsell under ning orshaing t9nrstandTsecondpizesrandh.d Ceirnan rule. He playcd in several toumanenls. won fie Sovicl Championship ftree tines. Only notabl! rro stronE evenb at Salzbnrs. takins tNo or lhree playeB othei lban wond champioDs second placc (+1:4 2) altcr Alekhine in 1942 had sucb a 6ne record, and the sobriquet 'crowtr and sha.ing fi61 prize sith him (bolh scored prince oI chess uscd iD his lilelime was vell +5=51 in 1943. I-atcr that yeai he playcd at earned. Hc aho composed problens a.d siudics. Madrid- then made hisvry lo Swedcn. When lhe Apparentlyrel ed qhen playing, he nroved lhe $ar in EDrope ended he rcturncd home. bul not men quietly, neler displaying ill-tenper. Hn bclore makine a deal sith lhe Soliet ruftonlies chard and lact madc hinr fiiends everywhere, not He Nould be forgilcn lor playing in GcrmaD leisl in English{peaking counfties (hc spokc the tourn.nents, i.c. collaboralingsirh thc encmy. Io languageduently). ln 1962 hcwasclecled Esionian return Kcrcs promised not to interlere witb Sportsmn ol rhe Ycar, a iestimony lo both his Borvinnik s challenge ro Alekhine.In 1947, !t his ichicvcmcnrs and his populariqr From 193, Kercs second alrenpl, Kcres won lhe USSR Cham- g,adually changed bis slylc. and although he was remenbered lbr his brilliant tacli6 both betore For some years he conccntrarcd his efioas on xnd aiter this .hanee his stlle bec.re wholly $odd cbanpionship cvenis. Sevetr lines aCAND! clasical he chose clerr cutlines ofplay. simplilied DAIE, he sas never challenger, a distindion he so that only tbe essertial lcatures oI lhe posnlon often failcd 10 achie!e by lh. narowest of marEns. rem.ined, and cschcscd taclical Play unless lhe Hh li.st attempr came in thc Norld cbrnPionship 'nrn:h nmmrn.nr ol consequcnccs Ncre ioreseeable. He prelercd l!48 lor wbich rhe caf,di- well csrablihed openings and neler lost his liking
164 KERES DEFENCE for the ope. play thal charaderized his early ganes. F.ced th new op.ning schcmes he shoNed \lighr unccrtaintyi, wrole Bolvinnik, adding that reres had a tendency to lade sneshal at decisile nomenls in thcstrugglc. . . when hn nood Nas spoilcd hc played beloN his ln ih. I q5ns (ere\ vnne rwo bo.kr .n theopFN cAru (1e4 es) and one on the RENcs DlENcr. I. contrasr to nany books which cmphasizc onlythe fashionable, Keres researchcd lbc pasl (oien phat beomes lashionablc), and alihougb many de velotmenrshavesince laLenplae thesebookaslill provide a solid .nd reliable basis for study. Tso exellent books ofhis in rhe English lan8uaee 8e P.a.ticdl Ches Endinqs 11971) and, wirh Kmov. The A ol the Mildte-Gane (1q)4). He ainotatcd many of the 500 Eanes i. rv.rgcr.ri.h,. d.s Reinfeld, dcrcs' ,er, Gadar ol Ch.s l93l 1948 (1919) contlins 90 annotated sames smyslov Keres LrSSR Ch aftpionshlf 1951 Raiopen I c4 Nr6 ,elc6 lNad5 4b3nf5 iBb2c6 6B32 NbdT ?00h6 3d3Bc5 9N.3ll0 10Qc2 Bh7 lle4 1:r dxe4 Nr6 llNe5Ob6 15Nd3 17 Ocl 16 18 Oe3 frW,Wru tw w 'ffi. 13. . Nd3 19 Oxe6+ (h8 20Bcr RfeS 21Qs4RadS 22 Qh5 Ne5 1lR.dl 1196 2,1Qh4 Rf,dl 25 Rxdl Nd3 26 Bd1oas 27h3Kh7 23BBNc] ,9Bh1Nc loBf:l Rcl+ ll Rrel Oxel+ l2Kh2b6 33Q1,1c5 3.18e3 Nidr :ls Qxc3 Qxc3 36 t€3 tsbl (while has a o^D BhHop) 17a:l15 33BdlKs6 39Kg2Kr5 10Kl3Kc5 41a,lg5 42(e2Br5 13g4Bb1 ,l1kA f5 45exr5 Kxrs 46 Krz Be4 47KEl Kg6 43l(l2hs 49&3h4+ 50Kr2 Bli 5l Ks2 Kr6 52 Kh2 Ke6 Whirc rcisns. tslack thrcarcns roplayhis kinstodr. the Ho' pwhi.h his knighr occnpied in rhc niddle srme, 5l KB2 Ke5 51 KM Bb1 I
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
Page 8 and 9:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
Page 10 and 11:
ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
Page 12 and 13:
16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
Page 18 and 19:
AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
Page 20 and 21:
ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
Page 22 and 23:
AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
Page 24 and 25:
this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
Page 26 and 27:
ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
Page 28 and 29:
posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
Page 30 and 31:
BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
Page 32 and 33:
BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
Page 34 and 35:
BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
Page 36 and 37:
BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
Page 38 and 39:
BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
Page 40 and 41:
BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
Page 42 and 43:
BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
Page 52 and 53:
choicc of moves. These artistic req
Page 54 and 55:
BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
Page 58 and 59:
BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
Page 60 and 61:
BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
Page 62 and 63:
No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
Page 64 and 65:
ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
Page 66 and 67:
cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75:
N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81:
7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85:
BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87:
CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89:
R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101:
DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105:
The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 106 and 107:
DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109:
DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111:
pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117:
nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119:
entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121:
EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 148 and 149: Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155: conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157: HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
Page 158 and 159: I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
Page 160 and 161: INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163: TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165: J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167: JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 168 and 169: Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
Page 170 and 171: HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
Page 174 and 175: 0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
Page 176 and 177: KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179: KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
Page 180 and 181: sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
Page 182 and 183: KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
Page 184 and 185: KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
Page 186 and 187: delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
Page 188 and 189: 1914, a historic event because Capa
Page 190 and 191: playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193: FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195: LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
Page 196 and 197: the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
Page 198 and 199: LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
Page 200 and 201: Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
Page 202 and 203: L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
Page 204 and 205: idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207: MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209: t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
Page 210 and 211: €ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
Page 212 and 213: was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215: MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
Page 216 and 217: as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219: a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
Page 220 and 221: The play is somelines said to show
Page 222 and 223:
nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
Page 224 and 225:
MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
Page 226 and 227:
playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229:
While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233:
NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
Page 234 and 235:
temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
Page 236 and 237:
indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239:
OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241:
was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243:
inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
Page 244 and 245:
white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247:
PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249:
An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251:
PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
Page 252 and 253:
any player in thc world. None of bi
Page 254 and 255:
seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
Page 256 and 257:
asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269:
publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273:
Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275:
The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279:
PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285:
RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291:
A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293:
stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295:
naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301:
s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303:
In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313:
sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323:
the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329:
man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337:
about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld