chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universiry whcre he read econonics indstrdicdEnglhh and Spanish. (In hnlhesn, oi the problem ol leisure, che$ q6 ooimentioncd.) After winning the Woild Junioi Chamfionship i. 1969, lhree poinrs ahead ol his nearest ri,al, he nlde his run up to the world chanpionshiP al asronnhine speed. In seven srrong rournamc.ls Irom 1970 to 1973 be shared 6trt prizc three times: Mosco$ 1971, caregory 14 (+5=12), with srttN aheld oi svysov, HirRosy^N. r^1. and sPAssni Ha(iDgs 1971 2 (+8=6 1) uth rcRcrNor; aid San Antonio 1972 (+7=7 l) with Pdrosyan and poRrrscs. At rhc LcninArad inierzonal 1973-he can'c 6si (+10:7) equal wirh Korchnoi, and in 1974 he deleated three other.ANDIDArES in ma1.h play: porucAyEvsn (+l=5), Spaskr (+4=6 ll. .nd Koichnoi (+3=19 2). l
]60 KARPOV VARIAfiON 7& t w. w 31 lif,,7 l(ifl 32 Qig6+ Kl3 13 Qxh6+ Black resign!. II3:r K33 :r4 Qh7+ Kfli 35 Ohs+ rr7 36Os7+ K,ARPOV VARIATION,675 in the aLEnrrr DEENcr, playcdscveraltimesbyrNorin thelate KASUDAN, ISAAC (190! ), Inlernational Grandmaste. ( l9s4), Intemational Arbiter ( 1960), the best player in the United Srares and one olthc best half-dozcn playcG in the world i. the early 1930s. He became Retl knowd atter the Hague Olympiad 1924, {ben he nade tne highesl i6t board score (+12=2-l). In 1930. after deleatin-! L. srErNER in maich play (+5=2 3), Kashdan played in the Hamburg Olympiad and prolonged his stay in Europe to conpete in three rouma nenls: Berlin (Aug.),661 (+5-1)i stockholm (Oct.). fiBr (+1=1-l) ahead of BocolruBow. srolrz, and sr,{HLBErq and Frrnkiurt, second (+7=4) after NMzowmcn. Subscqucntly hc had several good lournament achievemenls: NewYork 1931. se.ond (+6:s) aier c^p^Bls.ai H stinss 1931 2, second (+6-3) arterELotsRahead otEUVE .nd suLrAN xsANi London l912, rhnd (+5=l-r) equal witn Sultan Khan afte. AL.KHTNE and Flohr ahead of hkuKowE{ and M^R6czy: and ?asadena 1932. se@nd (+5=5 1) after Alethine abead ol REssEvsoandE,Nr In 1933 Kasidan foundcdtne CiEss Revr,, a maguine which he soon handed ,nd sr.re . h..l .n the Folkesrone Olympi.d in which he had played. Around this timc Alckhinc remarked lhal Kashdan migbt be lhe nexl world chanpion, bul Kashdan, Iinding a ful nne chess career unprcnrable. soon soush! otncr cmploymcnt. thus limiting hn tu(herchcss ambitions.In his fifth and lasl Olynpiad, Stockholn 1937, he n.de the besr third board score (+13:2 l). In Europc hc had been known as the litlle Capablanca , a desc.ip tion rhat was partly a@urale; but the sinilarity Nould probably have been less markcd had he continucd to dcvclop his talent in internalional From 1932 he had endeavoured. without suc cess. to negoliate a natcb witb MARsHAr.r. thc dular US chanpioni lew doubled tnat Kashdan would have won. and pos*ssion ofthe title would n.v.,.\kredhimhn,n.i?llv AfierM2r\hrllail.st relinq shed his.lrim to be US champioi (1916) Kasbdan entered se,cral cham,ionship tourna- 6en1s. but thc titlewhicb had been his due was no longe. within his gr.sp. In 19,12 he tied lor lirsr plac, but losr the play{ff natcb lo Reshevsky (+2=3 6). In the US open championship Kash dan sharcd limt pdze in 1938 and won oudght i. 1947. Aiier the Second World war hc movcd to Califomia qhere hc bccame a leading chess organizer andarbiler. and editorof a chesscolun. i rnc Los AnqeLs Times. Ksshdan L. steiner 3rd march ganc 1930 Qu.eni Ganbn Dedincd, Cafrhridge Springs Derene ld4d5 2c4.6 lNirNr6 4Ncle6 5tsg5NbJ7 6c3 Qa5 7Qb3Nc4 3cxd5exd5 9BdlBb4 l0RclNx35 ll Nxg5 h6 12 NB 0-0 tl G0 Re3 14ar Bxcl 15 Oxc3 Oxc3 16 tuc3 Nf6 17 b4 Be6 18ltL] Nc4 19 Bxc:l drc4 20Nd2B'15 21Rdb6 22R5c3f 23N.4axb4 24 w 'wrru rur.wH?&. %,affi 7& ru wrw whncnowc.6plc..shnMrNoRm{rA.K.26b5.xb5 27 R.3+ Kh7 28 Rdsts.4 29Nd7 Kg6 30d5Rc7 3l d6 tud7 32 RrdT Bd3 33 Rb? KI6 34 R Black rneN IIASPAROV, G,\RRY KIMO\{CII (196} J, Soviet player fron Baku, Inremational Grandnas- -ter (1980). His onginal nane s6 wcinstcin. He {m a child when his fltncr was killed in a .oad accidcnt and lhe authorilies, deciding he should have a nore suitable nane. called bin (.sparo!, a Russilied version of his nolhcr's maidcn name Kasparyan. Al firsl he trained under B^cIRov a.d then,Iike kRpor, by neans oi a otesPondene cou6e suPeNised by BorrNxrK; but Kasparov\ hero is ALEGTNE not,like (arpo,\. .ApABuN.a. Atlhcagcof 12 Kaspa.ovpon bolh the Azerbaija. championship and rhe UssR junior (under 18) chanpionship. In 1979 he won the Banja Luka toum.oenl (+8=7) and in 1980 he won borb the woildJunior Championship a.d the Baku lourna' menl (+8=7). In thn lasr event he @nplered on his birthday (13 April) the sco.e necessary for his Crandmaste. tiile. Tbe (rongesi 17 year old sine Frs.HFr he mide rournanent achievemenrsin thc nexr tew years that plac€d him ar rhe lop, above Karpov ia the wodd ranking lists: Mosow 1981. category 15, second (+3=9 1) equal with rcLU cayEvsp and sMyslov aller Karpov i USSR Championship,Frunzc 1981,68t(+10:5-2) equalwirh psArurs: Bugolno 1982, calegory 1.1,fi(t (+6=7).
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
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tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
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DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
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DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
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The objecr, morc often than no1, n
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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
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DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
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pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
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ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
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as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
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nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121: EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 148 and 149: Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155: conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157: HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
Page 158 and 159: I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
Page 160 and 161: INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163: TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165: J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167: JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 170 and 171: HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
Page 172 and 173: KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
Page 174 and 175: 0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
Page 176 and 177: KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179: KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
Page 180 and 181: sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
Page 182 and 183: KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
Page 184 and 185: KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
Page 186 and 187: delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
Page 188 and 189: 1914, a historic event because Capa
Page 190 and 191: playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193: FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195: LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
Page 196 and 197: the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
Page 198 and 199: LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
Page 200 and 201: Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
Page 202 and 203: L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
Page 204 and 205: idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207: MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209: t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
Page 210 and 211: €ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
Page 212 and 213: was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215: MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
Page 216 and 217: as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
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N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
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was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
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tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
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ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
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twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
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publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
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E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
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Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
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The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
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(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
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PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
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Q, the English languagc symbol for
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RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
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RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
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RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
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1925 he played 29 blindf old games
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A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
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stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
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naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
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Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
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...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
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s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
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In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
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anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
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sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
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SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
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SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
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the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
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i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
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Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
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man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
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SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
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A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
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S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
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about chess be lenrned by himsell.
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1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
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oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
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STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
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striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
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yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
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correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
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the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld