chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

INTERFERENCE ]5I
to be faia!. In mntrasting style orhes like to gain
material and are prepared to play detensively,
ceding the inni.rile for a tioe.
INKIOV, VENTSTSLAV VLADIMIROV
(195G ), I.temanonal c{andnaster (1982),
BuEanan player $ho won or shared 6rst p.izcs at
Pernit 1981 (+8=3-2) and TimiEoara 1982
(+8=4 0.
A veNion oiaproblem by LoED^\, Che{ Plaler\
C,',o,i.k. 184s. I Bc1 (a critical mo,c) 1 . . b4 2
Rd2 (White places his rook on the crilical square
crearing a batlery ) 2 . . . KI4 3 Rd,l nare. Thc
interleren@ move (2 Rd2) releases Black irom a
stalematc situarion. a @mmon but not essential
ingredient ol tb€ thene. In the odginal problen
therew.san additionalpawnatb6andnaleinlour
was stipulatcd. There were dine leys and many
duals, shich Nere not ther regarded as faults: they
seNed io nake rhc problem harder to solle.
This is thc nrst known exanple otditical play.
which other conrposeB soon began to nsc in
diffe.ent mnrexts, and shich bc.ame rhe subject
of an inportant thesis Dar ltrdische Problen (1903)
Nritren bI xolrz and xocclrcN. The publication
of thn problen tbene in 1845 markcd the
beginning of the tansitional pe.iod of Problem
conposnion. (See PRoBLEM HBroRY.)
INGO CLASSIFICATION, see RArrNc.
TNITTAI, ARRAY. see ARRAY,
INITIATM, thc powerlo make $reah. To have
the initiative is to be able ro rate threarsthat are
more etiectile rban those ihc opponent can nake.
thus dicradng thc coure olrhe game. When Flay
.om,ncnces White, haling rbe nrsl morc, has the
iniliativei ils lalue nay bcco,nc insigniica.t as
play continues and Black is then said lo have
EouArrzrD. To maintain the inniative White must
oftcn followsell-analysed paths Hc may prele.io
avoid these, choosing a quict opening and perhaps
loileiting the initiative. butsettingbisopponentan
unlaniliar task. Sometines Black plays aggressivc-
Iy,forcingWhite toplaysharplyilhe h to retain lbe
initiative. Foreranple. after I e4 Nf6 White nu(
eilber guard thc e-pawn. a Passive couse. or
:dv,n.e ir wifh riiend.nt riskl
renarked ot this openinp. 'White has his i.iliatrve
INNOCENT MORALITY, an allegory writl€n in
the niddle of rhe 13th centnry, probably by an
English lriar, John ol waleys. It appeare in one
manuscript of his works and the Latin of aU the
known nanusdiprs bear an English chracler. The
lnno.ent Morulit! ale appeais in a manuscript
collection of the sernons ol PoPe InnoceniIII, bul
does nol acmrd with his exa,ted vieN ol lhe clergy.
'Tbe alphins [AUrNsl are rhe various Prelares or the
church, Pope- Archbishop, and their subordinate
bishops. who rise lo their Sees not so mucb by
divine inspnation as by royal power. interest,
entrealies, and ready morcy.'rhese alphids nove
and take obliqucly lhlee points. Ior alnost every
prelate's mind is perverled by love. hatred, o.
bribery, doi to reprehend the guilty, or bark
a8ainsl the vicious, but rather io absolve rhen ot
theirsins: sothatthoseshoshouldhaveertirpated
vice arc in conseguence oI then own covdousncs
become pronotes ol vice and advocates oI tbe
Devil. Tle noralily was published .. l4T0 as Parl
ot S untuo.olationM by Joh. Gallensis. and this is
rhc carliest known pnnted refercn.e 10 chess.
INl ERIERE, ro place a man so thal a line Piece on
one side olthal nan cannot attack squares on the
other side. on an othcmhe enpty board place a
{ueen at al rnd a man at 47, ur0r men of eiLher
.;lour. rhe nan aL a7 inkrfEres wrth the queen,
*hich cannot be moved to a8,
NIERTERENCE, thc action ot interlering.
R Fuch:-Ko.hnoi Yerevan l9'i5 Sicili Derene,
1crc5 2NJrNc6 3d4.xd4 4Nrd4e6 5N.3d6 6Bcl
Nr6 7 Be2 Bc7 30'0 {l0 I] 14 Bd? l0Qcl Nid4 11
tsxd4 Bc6 12 Bdl Ndr 13 Radt Qc7 14 Khl Bf6 15
Bxl6Nxf6 l6Qh4ltle8 17Rdele5 13Re3Qds 198.4
ertu 20 OxI4 Rc5 21 Rg3 xh8 , Rd3 Qc7 2l Rrdl
Rx.1 2{ Rxd6 BxC 25 R1d2
Thc strugglc lor ihe initiadle oninues tnrouehout
the game. Sone playes co.ccde nate.ial or
accept other disadvantagc rathe.lhan give uP fie
initiativcr thcy righrl, suppose rhat mistates lre
more likely ro be made by ! deie.dcr than by an
attacker and thal errorsin dclcncc are nore likely