chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

146 HISTORY OF PROBLEMS
nanagenent or adninnlration now provide
opporlunities for enthusiasts Nbo choose Dot lo be
For turlher reading MlxuY,s ,4 Hn ory of
Clle$, the slandard work, is i.dipensable. He also
Nrorc A Shot Histo.t ol Ches (1963). The nost
straighdoMard but @op.ehemive &@unr is Z!.
G*chichte md Liletuu des sch@htp@h (1891)
by von der rc^, and the.e is a .eadable book
published by colowE( itr 1976 and also cdiled,4
IIIS'I'ORY OF PROBLEMS, S
florrER, LIP6T 0842 1913), ches iolmaris!
and administrator. A Jew trco Budapest, Hofter
moved to Vienaa in 1860 and henceforth used the
German vesion ol his forename, Lmpold. Sno.dy
afteNards he Nenl to Pans, where he seens to
have realized that his ability a1 chess lailed to
malch his ambition. He was asislanl manager al
the Pans roumame.t 1867. When lhe Franco-
Ptussian war broke oul in 1870 he anived penniless
in London, knowing very liltle English. Wilhelm
srFrNrrT vho h,d mer him ar rhe Psris tonrnanen1,
protected and fed him until he was able to
prcvidc foi himself. Moved more by social snob
bery than gratitude Hoffer later b{ame a bitler
enehy oi Steiniiz, and tbeir verbal warfare makes
astonishing reading in a more reshained age. In
1882 hc su@eeded Sleinitz as ediror of the
inpo.tani chess colDm. in Ir,.IieA, a pGi he held
for rhe rest oi his iile. Steinilz. *hose excelenl
conhibutions to Tie Iald had 6ade lhe Neekly
cDlunn lamous. jnstinably casrigated HDtrer for
the poo. qnalily of his ^NNor
rloNs. Hoffefs
magrzift Chess Monthl! ran hon 1879 to 1896 and
wd enhanced by zurcRroRis @ operarion until
1888. Hoffer nad a large powertuUooking h.ad,
ill-complemenled by a slight body and defo.oed
feet; his frery ienper and obsequiousness to lh6
rich and powertul made hin unpopular, but he {as
respoded tor his hard work as administ(ator,
referee, and journalist.
HOLE! asquare o. a playelsthird rankorbevond
thal unot be gMrded by one ol his pawns. A
player who has a hole i. his hall oI lhe board may
be at a disadvantage if the opponent can o(trpy the
hole with one ol his piccesi otheoise lhe hole may
be of n1de consequence. srE Nnzj who invented
the 1em in 1886, believed that a player who bad a
bolcon his third or todfi rank would alNays 6nd ir
a serious weakness. that cven a hole on his frfth
rank would be disadvantageous. This view has
graduaUy been nodilied, and sid@ rhe Seond
Wortd War mastcrs hale been willing to accept
boles iI they can gain compensaling mobilily. For
exanple, alter 1 e4 c5 2 NA Nc6 3 d4 cxd,1 4
Nxd4 Nf6 5Nc3d6 6Be2e5 TNb3Blackhasa
hole on his fou.th rank (at d5) i but the consensus is
!ha1he has a defensible game. A hole on a player's
third rank, however. often proves too sreat a
handicap. For elanples see sames unde. cRrsi
and REr, in which the tosers have holes on
d3, '.As(!n. e6, and c6 respeclively.
SOLLOWAY DEIDNCD,600, an inlenor [ne lor
Black in the (Nc's cAMBr Accepted, given by
salvlo, a named after Allred Hollosay 083?-
1905). seoetary of the Bnstol Ches Club, 186+5,
before he emigrated ro Australia.
HORIZONTAL t,INn. , tr^N(
HORNY DDFENCE, 622- a relutation ot
Ar-rlaER's analysis of the gambit named aftcr him
published in ,4,,enrna 16 ,tcracnspiel, Cassel.
1824. Joh.nn Horny, authorol this book, Nas an
actor in the Hese Elecloral RoyalTheaire.
HOROWIIZ. ISRAEL ALBERT (1907 73).InterDational
Master (1950), Intemational Arbiler
(1951), a leading Us player durins the 1930s, ches
author, US Opcn Champion 1936.1938, and 1943.
In l94l he challe.ged R6tuvs(! for lhe US
Champiomhip ard lost a hard foughl malch
(=13 3). Horcwit showed his best form in
oLvMprADs, playing ia 1931, 1935. and 1937 (all
won byUSA), and in i950, making a total score of
+29=19 3. He was proprielor and edito. of Crds
n.vier, tor nany years $e leading Amencan chess
maezinc. iiom 1933 Goon aier itvas fou.ded by
s6^N) until 1969 when it was merged with
cl€sJ alt to becone chess Lik antl Retiew.
Horowitz vrotc more lhan 20 books, usually in
ollaboration. He was not always generous 10 his
co-aulhors; lor examPle, after F. J. Wellnuth,
cof,pilet ot rhe Golden Treasu.t ol Ches, died
Horowilz addod a f.w games and broughl out
turtherediiions under his own.ane. Perhaps his
most interesling book, written in colahoration
wilh P. L. Rolhenberg, is I/!. Personuliq ofchess
(1963), reprinred wifi the misleading 1i{e 7i.
comptde Baok of ches (1969).
EORRWTTZ DISIIOPS, jargon ior MNG BrsEoN
used byMMzowrrsc! intheoiiginalvesionorhis
book M/ Srjlcu. No one kno$ wbelher hc neant
or someone else. In the
Engtish vesion, bowever, the translator wites
EORT, II-ASTIMIL (1914 ), Inte.national
Grandmasler (1965), the shongesl Cze.h player of
his ge.eration. nalional chamlion 1970, 1971,
1972, 19?5. a.d 1977, and fo. a brief period,
1977 8, ranked among the world\ 1op ren piayers.
A lrequert compctitor. hc entcred more than 80
sirong inlernalio.al tournanents from 1963 to
1981, winning or shanng 20 nrsi prizes. His best
wins vere: Mandnske L{he 1965 (+7=8) equal
with (ERES; Skopje 1969 (+7=8) equal with
Mruloua ahead of sMyslov; Havana 1971
(+8=7) ahead of GELLERi Luhaiovice 191
(+8=7)r slanchev Breag 19?4 (+7-8)r and An-