chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l]awn dnd hr could ohtain d pa
140 HANGINC CENTRE century srEINIrz. zurcRroRr. and othe. 8.eat masler playcd in handical tourn.nenB but such events are nos organized only ai .luh lelel HAN(IINC CENTRFj. HANGTNG DAwNs on lhe centc filcs, cspecially sh.. rhcyform a.r Assrcar HANGING PAWNS, a pawN rsr.{ND consisting or two uniied paNns on HAr.F{pEN FrL.s. Thc tcrm. ailribuied to srErNrz, is used only shen at least one pawn is otr one oI the four centrai 6les. Tb€ pawn formation in the diagran shoss h.nsinA pawns on thc c- and d-lilcs, wherc they most ,.w ffiiv&r. w %r.% %/& 7e vre % '&^ffi v& 'tt % ?& %&, t*3* "421, 'ffit In thcmschcs hanging pa$Ds a.e oeithe. strong norweak. Iflhey stand abrean on lhe Iounh r nk lhey au.cl Iour squlres in lhe eneny\ camp, perhaps resbicting his nobility. Somctimcs onc ol thc pawns nay advancc to support an altack asin rhe ganes given under sErMwAN lnd sriHrBERc. On the orhei hand the hanging plwns may bc hard to dcfcnd bc.ausc lhcy cannol be guarded b, paans on adjoining files and e subi€ded lo fronklatl.ct on the halt open Iiles or almct liom enemypasnson adjoiiing 6les. lnthc gamcs givcnundcr rAwN FoRM{niN (}etrosyan\ same) and lrs.HER the pawns, no longer able lo remain abreast, becone blocked ind in @nsequence inllot nti in thc gamc gilcn unilcr GR0NTELD the hanging pawns are broken up by flank attack. I{ANIIAM VARIATION. 516 in thd ptsnm.R DETENCE. Al tbe New York loumanent 1889 the ,Amcrican playcr Jamcs Moorc Hanham 0840 1923) .einlroduccd the LoRD v^xr^roN sith a strpenor idea in mind: he had devised a way bt phich Black could defend his e pawn and thus miiniiin i nFF.N('vF .FNrpF This v,ri:rion usualy ansi.g lrom lhe sequence I e4 e5 2 Ni3 d6 3 d4 NI6 ,l Nc3 Nbd7, was endoAed by NrMzowmor. and nas bccomc onc oI lhc main lines io ihe rHrLrDoR DtrLN.!. HANNEKEN DEIDNCE, 570, the ozro DftlN.t to thc xrNc's cAMDrr, analysed by the Prussian General Hc.mann vo. Haniclien (1810L86) in SANS'|EIN (;AMBIT.605 in the nNcs.^NFn Aeepted. TIis line. given by(.zDi nas no special connection vith the Bertin player Wilhclm Han HARKNESS SYSTEM, an auilnr! sconng systen als. known asthc MTDTAN sysr.M 11$aspromoled by Ken.eth Harkness (1898 19?2). S.otrhh-born organizer oi cbess in tbe USA. tIARKSEN GAMBIT, lr,1 in lhc spANrsr r opnNrNG, proposed by lhe Swedish study compose. AIfied Harlrsen (188G1971) in D?"tsche S(ht(hzetung, HARMAN, JOHN RICHARD O9!! ),BNTNh parenr ollicial and srudy enlhusi.sr. His collection of morc than 5.000 studics. .lassilicd in a.cord- -ance with tbe cBR coDE and in nany olher ways devised by hin- is rvail.ble lo rouiney iudges seeking advice.boul ANrrcrpArroN. HARRWII'Z, DANIEL (1823 84). Cernan lronr Breslau who vrs probably the world s best active playcrinthcmid 1850s. Themoderneeneration'. said uskER nr 1932, 'faih lo do justi.c to him Hc was agreatplaye.. In 1845 HarMitz qcnr to Paris where he Nas reSarded as the €qual ol (trsERrrz(y, and in 1846lheybolhwenr toLondon. Tbere they took part in a rriangular simult.neous conFsl wnh sIAUNrcNl cach playcd thc othcr tso, Staunton conceding odds oI a rook, the olhers playing blindfold. Staunlon delerled Kiesen[ky while HarNitz won both his gamcs. He Nas alre.dy an erpert blindlold player. In the sane yearHarrwit lost a natch ro Slaunton ior 21 ganes up: seven daycd lcvcl, scvcn at PAwN A io!.s. istaunton conceded lhe odds.) HarMilz scored 7, +6=1 1. and +3-,1 respectively. 11 wrs his lir( big natch, in Nbich, driotrsly, he fared betier with pawn a.d move than $ith pawn and tso. SraDnton considcred i1 his barde( narch. althoughIla.Nitzwasnorycrathis tuUsrrengrh. VnidngBreslauin 1848Ilarwitz mei AND.RSS.N olcr thc bolrd lor the lrst dde. TIey played a natch for 11 eanrcs up: Nhcn lhc score stood at live wins eacb they agreed to end thc ma1ch. Alier Harrwnz lost rhe 6rst gane he took Iivc daysoffto rccuperale. To a void re volLniona ry turnoil llarMitz lelt his homc town shonly nlierwards and relurn€d io London. Hh ncxt imporlanl natch vas in 1852 when he defeared w'LLrAMs (+7=3). Hc aho delelted willi.ms in matches in 1853, and in oDe ol thcscj whcn Haf*it7 hid suftered two losse\ he Neni ro virft Hambnrg bcforc rcturning to Jinish rhe nalch. ln lhe same year be played wirlr LiiwENrnAr. lor lhc Iirstrowin 11 grnes. When trailingbadly(hhs.ore was +2:l 7l HarrNitT t.ok hims€ll off t) Briehton. L{jwcnthal had prolided 1br such an evenluality in the conditions. and HarNilz los1 two ga6es by detaull. HarNilz returned, loughl wilh ercat dcterminarion, and *on (+11=12 l0).
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
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Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
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N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
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CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
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novel kind of .lock was prorided by
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7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
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COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
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BRowNE played this ending against r
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CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
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R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
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CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
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CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
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DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
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DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105: The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 106 and 107: DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115: as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117: nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121: EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155: conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157: HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
Page 158 and 159: I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
Page 160 and 161: INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163: TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165: J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167: JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 168 and 169: Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
Page 170 and 171: HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
Page 172 and 173: KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
Page 174 and 175: 0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
Page 176 and 177: KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179: KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
Page 180 and 181: sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
Page 182 and 183: KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
Page 184 and 185: KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
Page 186 and 187: delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
Page 188 and 189: 1914, a historic event because Capa
Page 190 and 191: playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193: FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195: LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
Page 196 and 197: the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
Page 198 and 199:
LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
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MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
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twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
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publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273:
Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
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The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
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PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
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RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
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RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
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RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
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1925 he played 29 blindf old games
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A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
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stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
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naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
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s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
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In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
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sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
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the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
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man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
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about chess be lenrned by himsell.
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1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
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STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld