chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

132 GRANDMASTER
becane Rell estabtished and lhe pionee.ing problcms
sere solled the radngs were given nunen-
CRANDMASmR, an over-tbe-board player oI thc
highcst class.. des.ripdon conmonly used belo.e
1950 whcn nDE inhoduced the lornat tiile tntema'
lional Crandnlastcr A coruespondent writinS to
Ad'sadc l8Feb. lS3Sreferto r.vrsas'oDrpast
Srand mnster', p.obably lhe firsl use olihiste.m in
conneclion with chess. Subsequendy G. w^rcR
and othc6 rclened to pnnJDoR as a grandmasler,
and aleworhcr playcrwcrc socntnlcd The word
gai.ed wider currency in the early 20th century
when tournamenls were sonetines designated
grandmastcr eve.k, e.g. Ostend 1907- S.n Seb6
tian 19i2. (see als nDr rrr.Es.)
CR {NDMASTER DRAW, a sho gane in shich
neilher player srives lo win and bolh .gree ro a
draw. l hc tcrm ismisleading,forgrandrasteN arc
noi mo.e prone than othe8 ro play thn way.
Allhoughsuchdrawsarcunpopularwitbthepublic
tney are not necessanly 10 be (nicized. A player
qho is wcll ahcad of thc licld mat dccidc to play
safe in the closing rounds oIa tou.nament. aad hh
oplonenr nal be sarislied ro gain a hallpoini
aSaiDsr thc lcader: or No plates in a 6arch ma!
need a pause to rccupcratc. Attcmprs to pr.lcnt
shorr draws by neansolspecial rules have proved
ineffecrive. One such rule specified tbat a draw
should not be agreed unil ar leasr 30 6oves had
been made, but playes intcnt upon drawing
obserted only lhe lelter of tbe laN. Organize6
musr share rhe blane when there are too m.dy
Srandmastcr drass in a tournamcntr il is witnnr
their power nor to invire player known for rhen
GRASSIIOPPER, a piccc inlcntcd bl, DAwsoN in
1912 Io. use in hrRy sRoBLLMs. lt may bc ,nolcd
any dnt.nce along rank, files. and diagonals lo
occupy, or clp1uie on, a square inmedi{lel}
beyond an intcrucnine man ofcnhcrcolour: il c.n
neifterbe noved unle$ it hops nor hop ovcr tNo
mcn The nost popular oI iI fairy pieces. the
g.asshoppcr k rcprcscntcd by the synbol G or lhe
A problen by the Romanian conpose. Vale u
Onitiu (18?2 1948). Die Schwalbe, 1929 1 E3
Oh4 2g.lGf4 I g-s Gh6 4g6cl6 5g?Gn8 6
gxbE=Gj the ExcErsoR task
GRAZ VARIATION, 354 i. thc spANrsH opENrNG.
Alois Fink (191G .) ol Graz publishcd analysk of
this linc in rhe Otte eichische SthathzeitunB.
1956. and thc It,.,./.llr,., Na. h ticht. n. 19 19.
GRXAT CIIESS, a ge.enc name lor unortbodox
plaled
-E.6es on enlrrged two dimensional
boards. For morc than a lhousand ycar such
varieties have been proposed but only colrER
gained lasting popul..it!. There have been oder
su-Egestions toi enlarged hoards: l0 x li (.ARR.RA
l6lr)i 9 x 9 (Chanccllor Cbess, B. R. Foner
1887)i l0 x l0 (complete or decinal cbess. 9lh
century)r 13 x 13:14 x 14i 14 x 10 (Duke of
Rurlands chess inlcnred hy thc rhird Dukc,
d.1r79): and 16 r 12 (rApa .ANcAidoublc chcs,
Julian Grant IlayNard 1916). Othershapes a.e 11
x t0 rnb anerlfu squ.re at the righl otlhesecond
rank and lnolhcr to tnc left ot lhe ninlh rank
Orn!R'sches, l5thccntury)i l0 r 10wilh ancxlra
squ ealeachcomer(ciiadelchess, l4lhcentury)i
8 x 8plus 3 x 8 on.llioursidesi 8 x 8plus I x 6
(cxhaf l.O on tsosides j 8 x 8plusl x 6on all lour
sides (F. V. Mo.ley. M! On. Cohttibuliot to
cr€sJ. 1947): 8 i 8 plLrs 1 t 4(.ewfiles onborh
sidesiorlhesaneplusl x2rom.keyeltwomore
lilcs (inatolc Moutcrdc). Gcncrally thc oblone
boards are placed so thal lbere aremore6leslhan
rinks. The odd squaresin Timuls cbess ind citadel
chcss could be uscd to givc ! drawNhen occupied
bya kiDg.'l hcrcarc alsoeamcssuch asar tr rdliss
and nEGSDEL lhat requnc tso or more normal
Some g.mes like Cap.hl.nca's double chess use
onlythc siandard chcssmcn but usuallv ncs picccs
are proposed. Frequendy these Nere rcinvcnred
and given dilierent nanes: conversely tbe sane
.amewas used fordillercntrypcsol piece. Soneol
thc ncs picccs arc: aMAzoN Gnaffci prin.c.
terr). D^N^B^. rR*s (dabbaba, chancellor.
champion, concubine. herald), !{NcEs (arch
bishop, cardinal, centaur. paynaster, police chief,
rhiDoceror. MANN (dabbaba). rA',A.'-niN (rlanc).
w^zr. and mant kinds ol LE^pER On enlarged
boards pams .re connonly allowed an initial
advance ol 1- 2, or 3 squares. AnonE lhe
unorlhodoa picccs uscd for'l inruls.hcs scrc thc
dabbaba. lalia, Ndir. anda,1.2, (V20)leaper. For
the Duke olRutland\ chess il oithe 14pieceson
thc back rank wcrc oithodor- another Nas !
princNs (callcd a couDscllor, and two wc,c
'croNned canleJ. each comrrining tbe powers ola
rook and a,lrdnn. Reading iron left to righl eacb
tlatcrs blck ra.k aray sls as iolloNs: R,
crowned castle. N. N. B. B. Q. K. prin.css. B. B.
N. croNned canle. R. Founeen pawns o.opying