chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in praise ol chess
and presribing a code ol behaviour has been
widely repinied and translated.
FRASER ATTACK, 471, somelimes callcd Fraser
Monimer Artick an .vaNs 6AMBt variation
played by (orscq in 1862; 526 in ihe scorcq cdE,
analysed by the scottish player George Brunlon
Fraser (..1831 1905) in a]lAr Plarets Chtunicte,
1817.
Ff,ASER DDrENCE, 542, a cxE.o .ouNER
caMBrr varialion suggesied by G. B. Fraser and
indepeodc.tly by Hend.ik Chnstopher Hcgclund
Mrrller (1814 80) in 18734 il is no looser.esarded
FRASER-MINCKWITZ VARTATION. 320 in the
FRASER VARIATION. 5?7 in tnc (Nc's c^MBtr
Aaepted, analysed by G. B. F aser in Che$
FREE CASTLING, rcc.^suNc.
TRENCH DEFENCE,65, a slardard reply lo the
After the usu.l 2 d4 d5
whire m.y play 3 exd5 (the Ex
656) or3 e5 (the MMzo*'6.H vaR,AuoN, 658); bui
the most popDlar choice is the defence oi the
e-paNn br 3 Nd2 (the rauscE vAMnoN, 652) or
by 3 Nc3 After 3 Nc3 the principal lines arer tnc
passive R@NsrErN and uuRN v{R,arroNs (632.
641)i the unfashionable sdNrE v MnoN, 636:
thc solid cLAssr.AL v^{^rroN, 642, the.gSre$ile
.!^1^xr^LE@N! Anacr, 648a and the @unrer
aua.kiDg wAwER and M.cr
628. 640.
Knoan since LU.EN^ s tine. the French Defene
was almo( unhed undl rhe 19th cenlury. In 1822
cocsMNE declared, co.trary to general opiDion.
thai lhc King\ Pasn One gave Black a satislac
torygame-Theopeningwas gilenitsnodemnabe
in 1834 when a Paris tea6, using tnis dcfcncc
successlully, defeated London in acorrespondence
march. 'lbc Londonem could fr.d trothing beiter
than the Exchange Variadon Nhich remained
Iasbionable Ior a long 1ime. Around 1860 L.
pAlLsEN adlocated 3 Nc3, g.early enlivening the
opcning. but lew shared hls opinion at lhe tine.
MouREr nores thal rhe French was fisr used lo
aloid the many gaDbits whi.h becane popula.
from tbc 1820s: Iater ii Nas used to aloid tbe
Fron the 1940s rhe French
Detence lost ground andbecame less oftc. playcd
lhan lhe ncuAN DEFINCE.
rRnRE VARJATION,631in the rRENc, DrrENcE,
an idea of the American ptaycr Waltcr Frere
0874-r943).
FRINGE VARIATION 123
FRle oPEMNc (pron. Fritch), (,97. the.ameol
rhe .xoR opFNrNc in Czcchoslovakia. the bone oI
FRIEDMAN. HENRYK (1903-,ll), playcr frcm
wa6awwho won (+9=5 l) ahcadoloPoaENsd.
uF.$R. and SPELMANN thc 19th Trebirsch Meno
rial Tournanent. Vicnna 1936.
FRTENDLY CAME, or casual gamei a game which
is nenher part oI a compclition nor an exhibitiotr
gane. The term has no relevane to tbe nutual
regard oI the two playeB nor lo the aggrcssivencss
ol the noves played. TIe tollosiflg$o games are
among the nost famous.
Morpb Dukc or Brunsuick and Counilsotrfud phycd
in r t'oi ar ihe Pris Opern,1353 Philidor Derence
1e4e5 2N13d6 3d4Bg,1 ldxc5Br{ 5QxBdxe5 6
tsc4 N16 7 Ob3 Qc? 3 Ncl c6 I Bg5 b51 (In i diftl.ulr
posilion the allies make a blund.r ) 10 NxD5 cxb5 11
Bxb5+ NbdT l20rloRd3 13 RxdT Rxd? 14RdlQe6
15 Bxd?+ NxdT 16 0b3+ NxbS rr Rdn mare. (?r.
Capablanca M Fonaroft Ne{ Yor[. 1913 Spinish
opening Sreinirz Delenc.
1e4e5 2NBNC6 3d4d6,lN.3Nr6 5Bb5Bd7 60.0
Be? ? Rcl cxd4 3 Nxd4 Nxdl c Qxd4 Bx65 10 Nxb5
0'0 11Qdc6 l2Nd4Ndi l3NI5816 14Qs3Nc5 1i
Bi4O.7 16RadlLrd3 17tu'l6Rrd6 l3Bxc5Rdl 19
Rxdl Bxei 20Nh6+ Kh3 2l Qxes Qre5 22Nfl+
Bl.ck resgns (lflr v,rl tr.,,,'s P,!, 22 Junc 1913)
(see EV.RGREE\ G^ME and,MMoxr L Grre.)
FRTESS ATTACK, 389 Hans Frie$ (d 1888), a
RothenburC teacher, Puhlhhed an.lysis oi this
variation ol rhe sPANrsH oP!NNG in D.xr!.i!.
I.RINGE VARIATION, a prohlem variation, not
cental to thc composer's idea, that is added
gratunously as distidct lrcm by-play that slems
inberenily tuom tbe choscn setling.
r& w.'w
r&, w
ruffi"ffi
t"& "% %l
AW WA'H,
ry& ffirru
ww,%
A problem by lhe English conposer Benjamin
clover Laws (1861-1931). Jdlaica Gleuner, 1aA5
The kcy I Oa5 sets up a Broc(. II L . bxa5 2
Bc5. otheNise White\ queen Cilcs mare. The
removal ol White\ rook and Black\ light bishop
$ould not alter the problcm\ character. Tlese two