chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

T18 FIXED CENTRE
the Manhaltan Chess Club. Capablanca wotr mosl
of lhe lightning ganes (ten o. lventy seconds a
move) but Lasker won rhe naiority of the
live ninute ga6es, perhaps becausc thc.e is line
to. dcep.r plans to be laid. Stro.gest of aI
liv.-minnre e!.nirv,s a d.nhle-round nmrn2ment
at Her@g-Novi in 1970. ns.se ouldisraned the
field, sconng 19 poinB. The othe* were rAL 14i,
TRGNoI 14, PEBoSYAN I]I, BRoNSTEIN 13, HORT
12, MArur-ov,a le, sMyslo! 91, RBqEvsn 8i,
UH,-MANN 8j rvxo! 7l, and osrora 2.
The introduclion oI electonic iining devies has
dade such evenls easier lo manag€ and less
destructivc to .quipmeni.
IIXED CENTRE, a cenie that@nsists ofa pan oI
e- or d-pawns nulually blocked alrer an exchang.
of pawns on one or both adjoining files, e.g. 1e4
e6 2d4d5 3 exd5 exd5 or 1 e4 c6 2d,ld5 3e!d5
cxd5. ln ihese eichange variations the play thar
tollows uually @nsistsolmancuvringNilb picces.
(see ADVANCE rcrNr aid MAcxENz,E. c. s.) How
ever, pawn play is possible a.d i. either oI the
above varianons Whne could ontitrue 4 c4 wnich
would e.liren ihe game, although White nighl
be lefi snh m isolated pawn.
FinlAleknine AVRO toument 1933 Spanish
Opeoi,g SteiniE Dcfcne Dcfctrc'l
1e,le5 2NBNc6 3Bb5a6 4Ba4d6 5008d7 6c396
7 d4 Bs7 3 dre5 Nxe5 I Nres dre5
D6ry DEENCE and sAMGsA oPENING.) Tbe
purpos oI snch toumamenis might be 10 evaluate
an ope.i.g vanation although the cnoi@ of lne
King\ Gebit nay have been inspned by romantic
notions of the supposd good old days. At club
level lix.d openings are conno y prescribed to
provide a. incentive b srudy. The most famous
match Mtn tued openincs, better knowr in Russia
the elsewhere. w6 in 1890-1. Two ganes *ere
played by toleg.aph betNeen Chigorin in St
Pele6burg and the *orld champion srErNlrz in
Ncw Yo.k, and borh were won hy Chigo.in. He
TIXING A PAWN, blocking a pam so that it
@nnot be moved, a rem normallyuedonlywhen
rhe pawn is inrended to bc a. objed oI atlack.
FLAG.adevicefitledoneachdialof ache$c@.(.
Clocks a.e *l so that rhe time limit is reached on
the hour and the flaA, previously liied by the
minute hand.tnen lalls. BeIorc the inveddon oi the
flas (1899) ii was dimcult 10 decide precisely shen
time was up, ocqsionally a mattcr of dispule. At
Ne* York 1893 Albitr sucesstully claimed a $in
against sErNrrz who had three noves lo nake
wh.n ihe minnte hand oI hh .1..t stood on thc
hour The loudamenl controlle6 agreed that
Steinirz had not cxccedod the tine linir but
considercd hc wd bou.d to do so beause he could
n.r mske three m.ver in n. time. Stcinit
conplaitred rhal he should have been aUowed to
n.ke the attempt. ThE Albin son a losl 8.de in a
manfler thal most players would thcn have re-
10 14 Bxa4 l1 Qxa4+ Od? 12 QxdT+ L{d? 13 fxe5
Ke6 14 Bl4RIl 15Nd2Brc5 16Nt3 Bxf4 17 RIf4b6
13 Ke5? 19 33 Nl6 20 Nd2 Nh5 21 RO Ke6 22 a5
Ra3 1l Rarl Rhd3 24 Nf3 Ke7 25 axb6 db6 26 Ng5
h6 27 R{l+ Kd6 23Nl3E5 29Nd4 Re3 30Rh7Rh8
31Rrr/Rf,h7 l2Rd7Rl3 33Rxh6+Nl6 34NBKd 35
Nd2g4 36Rg6Nd7 3? R!s4 Nc5 33 ReJ K'16 39 Rr5
Rd8 ,10 Nf3 Nd3 4l Rd5+ Ke7 42 Rxd3 Kxdn 43 b3
Kc7 44 Nd2 a5 45 Krl b5 16 k2 Bhck tsigrs.
FIXED OPENING, a presribcd opcning for a
conpelition. AtVienna 1903andAbbuia 1912the
King s Gambn Aeepted oas presdibed, al Vien
na lql.L5 the Kings Gambit Declined; the
wi.ners se.e cdrcoflN, s.rtLMANN. and $HLE.HrER
resPectively. Al Budapesl 1912 the playeB had
lobeginvidtnemoves I d4(l5 2c4e6 3Nc3c5 4
cxd5exd5 5 NB Nc6 6 93 Nf6 7Bg2. (Seeaho
FLAMBERG, ALEXANDER DAVIDOVICH
(1880 196), d leading Polish player just bcforc the
Fist World War, although overshadowed by his
@mpalriols RUurNsFiNi JANows(. a.d perhaps
RorLDwr. In 1910 Flamberg won the Wasaw
Championship ahead oI Rubinstein (shom he
deleated), and in rhe sa6e year won a march
against mcouuBow (+4=l). Playing i. An'
Rusia tournamonts he came second at St Pet rs
burg l9i1. frfth ahead o{
ai Vilnius 1912,
and lhird (+11=4 2) at ^LE