chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Schachzeita|, 1857, TALruER reconnended, but did not ongin ate, this slandard reply ro th IAMILY CttEC(, a lo.k, trsually by aknighl, that simultaneously gives check and attacksa queen.In fie chess olumn of the ai,erp.ol Weekb Cowie\ 1886. lhe English player and problcmist Oliler H. Labooe k.1861F1925) clained that the posiiion t5k1 l3qzPqlp7 I lpsQl8,P/1P4P1/5RK1 (Forsylh nolalio.) had occured in play. and that he had won by 1 RA+ RriS 2 QxhT+ I3h7 3 g7xf8=N+, a typical exarplc oI a lamily cneck. Pctosyan Spasky loth match 8ame. wond L'i'am pionship l9a6 Englsh Opening 1NrNf6 29396 lc4Bg7 183200 5G0Nc6 6N€ d6 7d4a6 8d5Nas 9Nd2c5 10QCc5 11b3N34 12 e,l15 13 sxl5 $15 14Ndlb5 15f]e4 16Bb2Bxb2 17 Oxb2exf3 13BrflNe5 198e21.1 20st4Bh3 21Nc3 Bxll 22 1.dr NE6 23 Bg4 Nxft? 24 Rxl4 Rxf4 25 Be6+R 26Nc4 Qh4 2?Nid6 Qg5+ 23Khl Ra7 29 a t& wniie played 30 Qhs+ .nd Blac* rcsigned because ol thc i:tnily $c.l 31 Nrt+. (See Bru!D!R.) FARAGo, IVAN (1946 ), Hunsarian playe.. Irternational Grandmaster (1976). an economni graduate qho became a chess profesional. His tournament lictories include Halle 1978 (+5=8) a tic with $^^( and USLMANN, Kecskem6t 1S?9 (+?=8), Hungariai championship 1981 (+2=7) equalNirh rcRnscn, and svendborg 1981(+6=3). FEGATFjLLo ATTACI{.508 in lhe No $rc rs DErENc.. an extensively analysed variation that lavours Wllne. It was known to the 16th €ntury Italiannasteisand thc name isltalianforaPieceol liver, implying pcrhaps that thesaoilice ofwhitc\ kniAhr is likc a slice of liver used as bait. [ERS, rhe nedieval piece lhat supPlanred thc ERziN and sas in tum supplanted by thc ouEEN. Besides having lhe sane nole as thc fipaD (one squar€ diagonally id any direclio.) the fers had lhe poser olleapingon itsfst nrove, sith fte choicc oIa V4 ora VS leap. aninnolation dalinsrrom ar leasr the 12ih cenrury. (see rzRA.) Alec created by pronotion aho had this poNer oI leaPing For exanple, a previouslyunmoved fers al dl could hc FIDATED IlI mored to e2 or c2 or, even iI surounded by otbe. nen, ro b1, b3, d3, B- or fl. when draughls (cheques) was fist played in Encland ihe same a.d the pieces wele called feBes. IIANCEETTo (pron. ryanketto), the developmenr of a whitc bishop ai g2, h3, b2, or a3, or a hlack bhhop at 97, h6, b7, or a6: the @ncomirant pawn fomation: to 6ake snch a development. Depending on whcthcr a king's o. queen\ bishopn sodevelopedtheianchertoisdesqibed.sking'sor gucenis respectively. To nove the knight\ pawn ro the fourh ranh inslead of tnc thnd rank is to make ad extended nancheno. The exchange oi a bishop so dcreloped nay leave a weakened lianchetto, a refe.e.ce to the one or two holes that a.e lefi in the wate ot the knigh!'s pasn\ advane. A Player Nho deleiops both bishops lhis Nay makes a double St.ategic use of the lianchetto. pioneered by sr^uNroN and L. pAlLsEN, has si.ce be.one the basis ot nany opcninss. The word is denled fron the l1alianr",.,, a flank, and Francesco Piacenza, in his baok I Campeg1ianenti deali S.a../,i (Turin, 1683). desdibes iank ope.i.gs as nanchelti. Modein usagc dates ftom Lorlr, 1763. I.IANCHETTO DEFENCD, 442. the BATNES DE FEN'T IO thE SPd'Sg OPENING. FIDATDD, or afhdarns, inrmune Irom caPlure. In pasi timcs problemists sonetioes specificd thal ceriain pieces or parns rere 6darcd, a slipulation often used to circumvent their lack ol composing \Iill or merclv to deceive the soller: but in rhe iollosineexa;ple the use olndatcd men iscenlral ro rhe unknovn conposcr's ideas. A FArRt pRoBLrM from a l4th-century French manuscripr. White is to checkmate Black s ling on h1 snh a FrRS. rhc a-pawns and the ler€s to shich alonc they may be promoted are 6dated. 1 KIzKh2 2Rb4(rEMpo'pl^y) 2... Khl 3Rb3 Khz .1Kf1Kh1 5Rb2h2 6Rh5axb5 7a6b4 8 a?b3 9aE=F b2 l0Ki2bl:F 11(I1(awarrNc MovE) I L . . Fd3 (lhe fe6\ leap: if ll ...Fc2 lvhite makes a leap, 12Fc6) 12Fb7 (not 12Ic6? Fe2+ 13 KD Ft3 1,1Fd5 Fe4 nnd rhe blick ters
112 FIDE ba$ lhe wry) 12 . Ee2+ 13 KD FI] 1,1 F.6 Fe,l 15Fd5FR 16Fe4Fe2 17 Fi:l Fll l8Fg2. FIDL, dn dcruntm pron.un.ed fee ,1.). rhe Fad errnL,n lnrdn'rlonale tle, E.h
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The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
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BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
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BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
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BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
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No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
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ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
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cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
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caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105: The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 106 and 107: DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115: as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117: nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 148 and 149: Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155: conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157: HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
Page 158 and 159: I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
Page 160 and 161: INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163: TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165: J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167: JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 168 and 169: Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
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KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
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FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
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LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
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MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
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While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
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N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
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NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
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OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
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was little advance md the l9th i th
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inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
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PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
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An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
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PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
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asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
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was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
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tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
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ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
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%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
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twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
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publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
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E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
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Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
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The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
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(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
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PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
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Q, the English languagc symbol for
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RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
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RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
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RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
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1925 he played 29 blindf old games
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A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
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stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
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naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
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Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
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...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
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s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
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In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
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SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
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anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
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sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
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lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
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SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
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SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
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SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
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the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
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i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
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Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
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man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
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SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
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A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
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about chess be lenrned by himsell.
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1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
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oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
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STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
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striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
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2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
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AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld