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33Kg2Qg4+ 39Kh2C5 10r:rQtur 4iKg2h1 .12Bal<br />
Qglr 43Kh1h:l l,1RglOxu+ 45Kh2Qrz+ 46(n1<br />
ENGLISCII, BERIHOLD (1851 97), Austrian<br />
player rankine about eighth in thc wortd in rhe<br />
l88lh. HeconperedineighriDternationallour.a<br />
mc.ts hom Leipng 1877 ro Frankturt 1887-<br />
wnrnin8 lirt frize ar l-eipzig i87, ud sharnrg lirsi<br />
ptue with BL^.xBURNrardscnw{RzatWiesbaden<br />
1880. ln the lwo strongesr <strong>to</strong>unramcnts oi thn<br />
period. Vienna 1882 and London 1881, hc Nas<br />
selcnih andequalliilhrespeclilell. ilthe l890shc<br />
played in sc,cral <strong>to</strong>urnamedN at vienna..chieving<br />
the best.esult ol his carccr nr 1896 qhen he <strong>to</strong>ok<br />
llrst plae in a quadruple round rourDament with<br />
s.n' F.ErER,MARco, and irErss. In 1897heenrered<br />
rhc Bcnin <strong>to</strong>urnament lell ill ,n,l wirhdreN rlier<br />
12.ounds, relurncd<strong>to</strong>Vicnna. anddiedlqoweeks<br />
.trer the <strong>to</strong>urnamenr ended<br />
ENCLISH DEFENCE, 119. This deience. fre<br />
quently played <strong>by</strong> thc E.elhhmrn Philip Norman<br />
wann (190G73) and re eaamined <strong>by</strong> selcral<br />
Enelhh plavc6 durinp thc 197G- Nas su.cessfullv<br />
used in the game Polngayevsky-(orchroi. world<br />
Chanpionsbip quarter 6nal match, 1917.<br />
ENGLISE KNIGIIT'S OPtrNL\C. 443. namc<br />
sometnncs lsed outside Ensland <strong>to</strong>r lhe rc\zr^Nr<br />
opENrr-c. popular i. England at the dne oI<br />
ENGLISH OPENING, 8, sonerimes catled the<br />
Sicilian Altack. Althongh meDtioncd in a manu<br />
scdpl <strong>by</strong> LICENA tbis openingwas rarely tricdmril<br />
1843: then srAUNroN played it six times in hh<br />
march aeainsl sArNr AMANT.<br />
Staun<strong>to</strong>n wrilcs in his rlresr-Pl"r.t t Hdndbook<br />
that 1 c.l may be adopted with pcrfcct sccurlty'..<br />
aading lhal White would get a fine gamc if Bla.k<br />
were <strong>to</strong> iepl! 1 . . e5. Alter the demhe of thc<br />
English school, I c4 venl our oI lashion unril rhe<br />
advent oI the HYP.RMoDFRN movcmcnt in the I920s<br />
when rARrA(osER renarked enthusiastically that<br />
it miehl scll be the stro.gesr ot.llopenings. ThG<br />
!ie{ was not sharcd hy olhers bu1 1 c4 has since<br />
become the ihnd most popular opening nole<br />
Glrer I e1 and I d,l). and Nas played in every<br />
Wo d Chamrionship march iron 1948 <strong>to</strong> 1981<br />
<strong>The</strong> English bas variations peculiar lo itsclf. bul<br />
white oltenplays hisd pawn <strong>to</strong>d4, transposingio<br />
somc othcr opcning This ilexibilily appeals lo<br />
manyplaye.s: lheynraysleeracoureof thcnow..<br />
or seek a tiadsposnion. choosingboth lhe nanner<br />
and the timc (See DDvrLopMlNr: rAMiLr csEc(l<br />
{:.NrRri sPAcrr srErN_<br />
ENCLISIMRUTIoN. 413 in the sF^NrsH,n,FN-<br />
INt;. bclter linown as the woRRAir. AnA.(<br />
ENOLLND CAIIBIT, 116. a version ol lhe<br />
Chani.k Cambir, li5. played b! Lhe Swedish<br />
player Frirz Carl An<strong>to</strong>n Enelund (1871-1933). In<br />
1932 this ganbn was tested in a rnall<strong>to</strong>urnanrcnt<br />
hcld al Slockholn. son br srolrz, but was not<br />
ENICMA. Fron the 18,10s this word was common.<br />
ly uscd ro mcan r problem aor $hich rhe posnion<br />
was given in.oNrRor- NortrroN lhis ma],[arc<br />
been done so that seial numberinS ol p.oblems<br />
shown vnh diagraos should nor be dnrurbed.<br />
I-a1.r in thc l9th.cntur! cnig<br />
<strong>chess</strong> rlzzlE as distinct lrom an o hodox !rcir-<br />
EN PASSANT, a special neihod of capturnrg<br />
available only lo a pasn on i1s lifth r.n[ il an<br />
enemy pawn on an adjoining nlc were lo be<br />
.d!.nced l*o squares in one nrole it couid bc<br />
crtllred as iin had been noved one square only.<br />
An ztr tasra,r..pture rust be mide inmediately<br />
or not ar all. A pa\rn cannot.aprnre a piece e"<br />
p4rr4,r. Atter 1 e4 e5 2 NB Nl6 3 d,1cxd4 ,1 e5<br />
Nc,1 5 Oxd4 d5 white na! capture d,pdssa,r hc<br />
removes Blackl pawn at d5 from the bo. and<br />
noles his pawn at e5 ro d6. such a caplure is<br />
usullly wntlen exd6ep or exd{i. indicaling as is<br />
cuslomary rhe arrival square oltbe capturing man.<br />
For urRo(iRAD. ANAr.ysrs- however, the fonn<br />
exd5ep night be uscd ro mai(e i1 clea. rhat the<br />
.aptured pawn s last move was from dT <strong>to</strong> d5.<br />
hhoush known since rhe l5th ceDtury th. .,<br />
pdsdx. Iaa has bccn unireisalll, accepted only<br />
since 1880 Nhen ltalian p1avc6 abandoned the<br />
EN PRISE, said of ! piece or paqn other thaD a<br />
king that is under attack.<br />
EON DE BEAT]MONT. C.IIARLES CENE<br />
V]EVE ,I-OUIS AUGUSTE ANDRE<br />
TllvlOTlIEE D'(1728 1810)- Fredcb diplonat,<br />
lawyer. sEordsman, ladv-in-{ aitnre. andtarr rime<br />
nun. A doc<strong>to</strong>rolla{. he dressed asawonran and in<br />
1755. whilc on a s.(et Dission lor Louis XV.<br />
became confidante of ihc Emtress Eliz.beth ol<br />
Russia. <strong>The</strong> lollownrg year hc was hack in St<br />
Petcsburg as rhe diplonat brorher of hh lormer<br />
self. In iT63.lollowinslhc peace treatv.be became<br />
minisler resiaent and later plcnilotentiary for<br />
Louis xV ar London. Madame dc Pompadour<br />
reseDted d Eo.\ inlluence rnd hxd rhe C.nnr n.<br />
cuerchy sent <strong>to</strong> Lordon as afrb.$ador DEon<br />
.omplained ro lhe courts rhat Cucr.hyvas lrting<br />
<strong>to</strong> kidnap him. and Guerchy responded*ith a libcl<br />
suit. D Eon,rriumphant.conlinued roIiveextravagantll<br />
and became greatly in debl At abour rhn<br />
timc suns <strong>to</strong>talling more rhan 1120.000 sere<br />
When Louis XV dicd nr 1774 lhe author<br />
Bcaumarchais was senr <strong>to</strong> London <strong>to</strong> negoiare<br />
wiih d Eo. <strong>to</strong>eile up sl.le papers and ccasc aclinA
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