chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

ECHECS AMOUREI X, LES, or aes Er.tu:
ano@d. a 14th-century French poen ot 30,!60
litrs of which 580 give a move by mov. desoiption
ot a gaBe beNeen a lady and her snito.. The rnles
were those ol rhe old gatue and play began with the
short AssrzE. The lady wi6 easily, her enlr.nced
opponent saying hc does not mind Nherher she
mles him or makes him bare- AroDnd 1412Joh.
Lydgate made a. EDSlish version and called il
Reeb and sedualbte- 'fterc were prose veBions
for whi.n co-ordinate notation was used vilh the
6les leltered a 10 h as in STaNDARD NorArroN and
the ranks i 10 q (excludins j) starting lrom Black s
side- Thus al becomes aq and h8 beomes hi. ,6
Eche.r Anoureut is Vobably the besl example of
thc usc of ches in romanlic ALLEcoRy and nad
ECHO, the repetitio. o. imilation of a checkmate,
astalenate- ora nancuvre. A chamelcon echo is
otre lhai oc.us on squares of a diffe.ent colour.
Rar€ and incidenial in play, echoes are commonly
fcaN€d in .omposnions.
ry wrq&,i
w '&. v#l&
wwwffi
v&ww$e
w'%t%
ffi%w%
%,%%
A srudy by morz(, L tthiquiet, 1930, tllat
rhows a consecutive echo: 1 Qf6+ Kh5 2 Of5+
Kh6 3 Be3+ Kg7 4 Qg5+ Kt8 5 Bcs+ Bd6 6
Qe5 (Black\ bishop is pinnedon rwo diaeonals.) 6
. . . Qd8 7Bxd6+ Kg8 8Qg3+ Khs 9Be5+ 16
10 Og5. and Black's l-pawn is pinned on 1wo
diagonahj hc must lose his queen.
For exanples of a cbamclcon echo see zrczac
and lhe problen by Dobrusky u.der DoHEMTAN
ECONOMY, a composilion tern for the avoidance
oI superfluny. A posnion shonld conrain as ies
pieces as are needed to show rhe idea(econony.r
force), and tney should all take part to the lull
-extent oI iheir powersj there should be no waste ol
lime in lhe Play; iheideasbould be shownclearly,
unencunbered by comPlex s
nuch By pLAy. Econoby in all its aspects is one of
thc most important rcquiremeols ofa composition
by ioday scriieria. The lerm e.onomy offorcc was
frrst used by tbe Gernan compo*r Adoll Bayesdorler
(1841 1901) in 1867.
A study by cuRvrcq tbal won 6nl prize in rhe
ioumey of ttc Chess and Draughts Congrcss
(USSR) 1931, a xisrrroNAl DMw sbowins coDcurr€at
cchoes in rhe variarions a{ter White s 6th
move: 1 b7+ Kb8 2Nd4Bxd6 3BI2Be5+ 4 Kf5
Bxd4 5 Bxel R.5+ 6 KI6, and as Whirc
threarens Bh2 Black mnsi move his rook. but n
cannot cscape ondnuous atiack:
6. . . Rd5+ 7 Ke6 Rd8 8Ke7Rd5 9 Ke6
6 . . Re4+ 7 Kf5 Rh4 8 KA5 Re4 9 (15
EDUCATION AND CIIDSS. Many players advocate
that lhc ganc should be laueht at school.
Sone beliere lhat broadcnnrg the base ol the
Pyramid of playeB is likely io push up rhc lopj
othcrsthalchess has hansierable skills and beneits
.haracte. Io flnati oa. Ncithcr supposition hasbeen
Prored l e. Wriling in 1803 ?etcr Pralt callcd
che$ rhe Svnnaiun oI tbe mind, a quotation
,ariously atrihutcd to Lenin, ANDERSSEN, and
orhers c^r^BL^N.a restarcd this ide! ! sonth
beforehisdealh. . . . chessoughttoform partof
the scholasdcprogranme oI all countries. Chess i
in ihe intcllcctual order ol rbin8s whar sport is in
the phlsical: an agrccabte melhod of exercising