chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc ofinterest: Che$ is a sport A liolenr sport. This detracts iiom its most a istic connections. One infiiguing aspect ol the e.me that does not inply arthtic connot.tio.s h inc geometncal pattcrns and raiiations of the r.tual scr trp nt the pre(e\ rn rhc .ombindrne. td(fo , \rarcpi.a dn.l po!L.nal sens
98 DURAND A problem by LoLLr, 1763. Whne piays and nates inlouril Rc7+ Kh6 2Rh?+ Rxh? lNg8+Ke5 ,l Bf6. Btack plarsand nates in fou.: 1 . . . Rh3+ 2 Kxh3 Qg2+ 3 Kh4 Q*2+ .l Kg5 Qh6. This is the eadiesl known duplex problem. ArEr^NDRr gives 32 such pioblems in his collec tion oI i846i in dese the stipulalions for Whire were olten not the sane as rhosc fo( Black. I. recent lines duplex problems have usually been helpmatcs, *irh the same siipulations for each tig5Qgr l9Cx4Nxe5 l0Bd4NrB+ 4LQrAe5 42h6 Oe7 43 Re2 Rxsi 14 Rrc5 Qd6 DURAND, PHILIPPE AMBROISE (I?99-II8O). autbor of chess books. a French abbot who was prolessor oI rhetoric at Fahne and then insructor of philosophy at Lisieux. Ailer his retiremenl in 1860 he wrotc thrcc books in collaboration Nilh Jean pR.r, notably lhe tso-volnme S,rdrigr roboih,e.tas ln de pa k (1871 3). This$orkwas the liisr thal was deloted exclusively 10 the practical ENDGAMT. a phasc which espccially n! leresred hin. In pa icular he investigated the nature oI lhe opposilion and otber kinds of coNruc.{E saLlRB, and he is credited Nilh rbe invention ol the lern rRnDUcHE.. 1sOg3 (proble'nistca]lihnaninrcilcrcnceunpin)ai. . Qrh6+ 46 Oh3 Qd6 4? Khr (a decnile unpin) 47 . . Ks8 43Rxc3+Kfl l9Rhs Black Esigns.Iorihn gme Dumssas asaded the fiB( BRILLIAN P[zE. DURAS VARIAIION. 105, a sound line in lhe oUEEN's cAMBr Declined; il 5 Bh,1 Black conld reply5... dxc4or5. .. Bb4+ and6... dxc4 Aho 366 aDd,l32. outmoded lines in the spANtss DURAS, oLDRTCH (1882 1957), czech player and composer, Intcrnational Cra.dmaster (1950), civil seryant. During his pdne, 190G12. Duras played in 15 of tbe srongesr 24 touinanentsheldin those seven yeas- and esrablishcdhimsclf as onc ol the best ten or twelve playeB in the sorld. Ilis greatesl achievement was at Viema 1908 when he cane Iirsr (+11=6 2) equal sith MA*6czy and scrn-.crrER ahcad of RlurNsrErN. Hc aho sharcd 6mt prize *ith Scblechte. at P.ague 1908, and *ith Rubinslein at Breslau 1912,scoring+11=5 3 and +10=4 3 respecdvely; andhe took secondprizes at Nuremberg 1906 (+8:6-2), Vienoa 1907 (+5=8), and Hambu.s 1910 (+8=6 2) IIis lastappeaiance ininrernational plal' *as arMannhein 1914. a i.urnament that qas leti mnnished shen the Firn World War beean. Afier lhe aa. he sas unable lo spare enougb tine lroril his professional dntics to continue his tournanenl caieer: instead he successfulty rencNed hn intcrcst in sludycomposing. which he had pursued in his routh tle aho conposed problens rt this tine. J. Looda et al., ohliich Durds (195,1) is a bioe- ,aphy with ganes, studies, and problens, text in DnraFsplel'naii Pien'$y 1912 French DeJen.e, DURra, STEFAN (1955- ). Yueoslav player, Inlernational Grandmaster (1982), wiiicr ol c.Fgory 7 tounamenls at vmiaaka Banta 1979 (+9:5-l) ahead or Eo{Kov, and LjublFna 1981(+7-6). DURKIN OPENING, 2. plared in over the board and correspondence games by Robert Durkin (192! ) ol Ne* Je$ey, but larcly by anyoDe DUTCq ATTACK,693, a naBe occasionally applied to rhe BrRD oPENTN(; DUTCq DEFENCE, 120. sonetines naded alter F. srFrN. sho lived in Holland and Iirsr adlocaled the defence, and soBelioes called the Riviire Opening In the l9rh ccnlury this was ihe only enablished altcrnative lor Black if he did not sish ro ne.r r d4 by 1 . . d5. Airei the ldlcnt ofthe hypermodem molenent in thc 1920s nany olher delences gained popularity, but lhe Dutch renains a stlndard repl:/ to I d.1, having been playcd, for example, six ddes in the wond Championship match oi 1951. (Scc .rA.ABhN.^i DrvELoPMErr; I e4 .6 2 d,1d5 3 N!3 NI6 4 c5 NrdT 5 Nce2 .i 6 t4 Nc6 7clQb6 3N8tse? 99316 10Bh3l5 1111000 12 C4 96 1l sx15 gxls t,l Khl KhB 15 Rgl R, 16 Ng5 Bxs5 17 RrE5 cxd,1 13Qg1Ne7 19Nxd1Nrl 20 Bfl Bd? 21Be2NrC6 2zQC3RgB 2:rb3 Nc6 218e3 Nxd4 25 Brd4 Qa5 ?6 14 a6 27 RAI QdB 23 h1Ql3 29h5 Oh6 l0BI3 RIgT 31Qh2Nc? 32B.5Nc6 l3 Qh.lRC6 :r1R1g2 Ber 15 b4b5 16 axb5 ax65 37 (h2 Rxs5 33 DUTCH INDIAN, 125. Whne au.cts the DUrcH DrF.Nc. by ilndian meanFa He mat delay bnngidg oul hn kings knight: ior exanple, it Black wcre lo play a sroNEwArL Delence, 121- thh knightcouldbedeleloped al h3. This liancherto artack was inrodlced hy srFrNrz in his match against zuruRroRr, 1872.
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
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ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
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AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
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this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
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ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
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posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
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BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
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BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
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BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
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BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
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BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
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BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
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BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
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he playcd. and relreshing himself r
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Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
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Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
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cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
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choicc of moves. These artistic req
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BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105: The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115: as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117: nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121: EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 148 and 149: Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155: conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157:
HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179:
KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193:
FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195:
LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207:
MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209:
t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215:
MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219:
a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
Page 220 and 221:
The play is somelines said to show
Page 222 and 223:
nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
Page 224 and 225:
MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229:
While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233:
NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
Page 234 and 235:
temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
Page 236 and 237:
indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239:
OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241:
was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243:
inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
Page 244 and 245:
white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247:
PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249:
An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251:
PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
Page 252 and 253:
any player in thc world. None of bi
Page 254 and 255:
seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
Page 256 and 257:
asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269:
publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273:
Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275:
The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279:
PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285:
RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291:
A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293:
stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295:
naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301:
s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303:
In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313:
sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323:
the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329:
man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337:
about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld