chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The objecr, morc often than no1, n ro decoy thc eneny queen, to put il lemporarily out of play. The fist tnown double rook sacrilice was made by Dr Bowdler in a game against H. Co.Nay, London, ..1790, and lhe second sas Bade in thc lollosing sane. (see also 'MMoirAL GAME.) BourdonnairMcDonnel 59rh match grme, Londotr le4e5 2NANc6 3Bc4Bc5 4b.1BxM.5c3Ba5 60.0 d6 7d4sxd4 3cxd4Bt6 9d5Ne5 l0Nxe5dxe5 1l Nd2Nc7 l2NBQd6 138b5+Bd7 l4Bxd7+rid7 15 Qo4+ Kd3 16 Ba3 QI6 17d6Nc6 tB Radl Nd4 19 Nxd4tsxd4 20Kh1c5 2l Rxd4cxd4 22l4dt4 23Bd ln r lo{ Doariun Bla* s hce! bolh r.ok.. hopins tora 24 Bbb+ arhh 15 ()143+ Kd? 26 O;h3fl 27sB?(Whitshouldhaveplav.d2TQxhT.bul hc did nor f;esc Bl&k\ 28rh movc ) 27 d2 23QbB Oxl3+ 29 RxB d1=O+ 30Kr2Qd2+ 31RtQx5+ 32 Kr Qf6+ 33 Kc2 Qh2+ l4 Kll Oc1+ r5 (d2 Qb2+ 36 (d3 Qa3+ r7 Ke2Qb2+ 33 (A Ql6+ 19 Ks4 (]96+ drasn by perpctualcheck. DoITRLE RUY LOPEZ OP0NINC. 454, a svm dela.al line that can arise irom cithe. the FouR xN,.H's ortheSPANNE(Ruyl-6pez) oPlNINc. (see FILLSBURYi w{-moDT: wtN4w* ) IX)I,BI-E THREAI. two threats made simul tancoLsly. usually a double atta.k. This lactical device often but not ncccssarily b.in8s advant.ge. A gane rARrAxowER
96 DUAL AVOIDANCE serious dual is .nc lhal by-passes the conposefs central idea so that his Nork loses its pointl generally, this would be n dualina nain lARrArroN Lesser duah occur in sidc-variations or by.play In a.omposingrcuRNLyan enlrytbatisfound tohave a serious dual would usuallt be dnqualilied, shile a lesser dual might be accepted. (See comnenh Duals arc somctnncs provided intentionally, and onc kind of problem is that showing progressive duah . A composer might show. say, Iile varia tionsi in the 6nt rhere are live possible ma rg moves. and one at a time thesc are climinated so thar in tIc Iast varlation ihere is only one mating DUAL AVOIDANCE. ln the nain variations oI any sou.d DrBEcr rrArE PRoELTMS duah are aloided because a bla.k mole that pennits onc matc aitl preventolhers Thetern dual aloidance is applied onl! $hen fie main vanalions are linked by means of rc.iprocal and parallcl rclalionships. For ex ample nr a iwo-mover rHR r .RoBLEM (dncd nale) Blact nay have rwo DETENCES of a like kind. a and br to cacn whitcappcarsto hale twonadnS moves A and B both of a similar kindr in lacl delence b rllows nrte A and prevents nare B whcrcas dciin.c a all.ws 6aie B nnd prevents mate A. The mate in oDevariation G thc avoided dual' in the other. Black\ t*o delences shonld prevent the duals in a sidilar nanner. (The parallch cannot b. defned prccisely.) For an example see r^!^ rHIME. Dualavoidance mav also be shown $ilh three ormore varialions (SeeLy.Lr. Dualaroidan.c in Bro.K pRoBr..Ms aho consists oi linked variations. mu.h in the samc man.er A problen iron lhe BoNUs socNs MS. latc l:th ccnturyi tne carlicst known example of dnal aloidance. The key 1 RhgTsetsupablock. liBlack moveshis knighr loNardWhilehisachoiceollNo naies, Ra8 and Rg8. OrhcNisconlyonc ofthese malcs h availablc. Dual avoidaDce is shown in six variations loryhich rhe black mores day be paned thus: Nil .nd Nb7. Nc8 and NeS- (e8 rnd Kc8. DMl avoidan.c mayaho bc shoND in problems other lhan dned nates. DUBTNIN, PYOTR VASILYEVICH (1909 83). Soviet platcr. Intcrnational Mlster (i950), Inter nalional CorrespondeDce Cbess Crandnaster (1962)- rade union oiiicial. Inoler the-boardplay he .onrpctcd in lour USSR Championships with modest results. his best place beine cqual sevenlh in 1940r and he shared liBt prize in tbe RSFSR (Rusian Federation) .h.npionship. 1949. Later he took up posral.hc$, making his best achieve ment when he came second to o'(ELLy nr lhc 3rd Wortd Co.respondenc€ Cbanpionship, 1959 62. DUBOIS, SERAFINO (l8l?-99). ltaly\ strongest player in the l850saDd 1860s. I Ie mer lew masters trom other coundes. ln 1845 rmrl, visning Ronc, playcd many fiicndly eamcs sith Duboh, who won about iwo-thi.ds oI themi in ?aris ten years later he won about the sane proporlion of sode l0 games played lgainst nMn8.. At rhe I-ondon rournamcnt ol 1862 Duboh sharedlourh place wilh G. A. M{DoNNLrLafter^NDrRssrN (the winner), L. PAULSEN. and owEr_, bul wasarvarded liith prize becalse he had Non more sames bl dcfauli. Immcdiaicly drc tonrnamcnr cnded he played and lost (+3=1 5) a nralch again$ sErNIrz. rinner oI the sixth prne Dubois was probably not such a sfodg player as $e reo.d suggcsts- for qhen he net wylill, Riliere, and Stenri, none Nas vet 2t his full slrcngth In Apr. 1863 Dubois went irom Englaod ro Holland, intending a longslal, bur not likine rhe climare he rclurncd 10 Rome, the ctr ol his birrh. abour leo yea6 laier. There he played to lhe ]talian lass, Nbich pemnted &ee .^srxNc, as he prefered, aod his inltue.ce nn] have delnled Iuly\ falling inlo line Nilh thc castling law uscd chcwherc in Europe. Belween 1868 aDd 1873 he wole a lhree volune worL on tbe openings. giling vanaiions with andvithour ltee caslling: rhis book Nas soo! forgolten, but hh book oI lhc Romc tounranent. 1875, is oI some hislorical i.lerest: lhis to m.nent was the 6rn held in Ilaly. DUCIiAMP, MARCEL (1887 l!66), French .he$ playcr and rc.own.d arlist. Acompetitorin thc vo d anraleur championship oI 1924, tour Fren.hchampionsbips lrom 1r,l lo 1928, and tbut Ollmpiads Irom 1928 10 1913, l)uchamp aho played in scvcral minor tournanrents, nolably sharing 6Bt prize with BLBERSTADT and J. J. OHanlon ilHyares 1928 with HalbcNtadt he Ntorc L',Oppolitian el le! cases .oajugi$ eht rl.onc,l,ier (1932)- publishcd in a limited edition ol 1.000 copies. His obsesion ior rhe g!Dc nrlcnsi6cd ns be grew oldcr OI hk matriaec ir 1927 Man Ray *ailes: Dmhamp spent most oI the one veek rhe! liled together studying chess pioblens, and his bride. in desper.te rediaion, gor uI onc night when he wns asleen and glucd thc chcss pieces lo rheboard.l hcywcrc divor.edthreenonthslater' Duchanrp used chess themes in sever.l oi his painrings aml collages. and is rbe nost highly esleened .rtisl ro play che$ ,t mastcr lcvcl his
Page 2 and 3:
The game of ches exerts a fascinati
Page 4 and 5:
THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
Page 6 and 7:
PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
Page 8 and 9:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
Page 10 and 11:
ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
Page 12 and 13:
16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
Page 14 and 15:
game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
Page 16 and 17:
l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
Page 18 and 19:
AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
Page 20 and 21:
ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
Page 22 and 23:
AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
Page 24 and 25:
this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
Page 26 and 27:
ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
Page 28 and 29:
posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
Page 30 and 31:
BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
Page 32 and 33:
BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
Page 34 and 35:
BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
Page 36 and 37:
BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
Page 38 and 39:
BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
Page 40 and 41:
BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
Page 42 and 43:
BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
Page 44 and 45:
he playcd. and relreshing himself r
Page 46 and 47:
Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
Page 48 and 49:
Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
Page 50 and 51:
cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
Page 52 and 53:
choicc of moves. These artistic req
Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
Page 70 and 71: .rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\
Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 106 and 107: DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115: as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117: nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121: EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
Page 122 and 123: A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
Page 124 and 125: chess ser and sood became deeply ab
Page 126 and 127: Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
Page 128 and 129: Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
Page 130 and 131: seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
Page 132 and 133: Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135: FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
Page 136 and 137: GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
Page 138 and 139: trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
Page 140 and 141: whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
Page 142 and 143: cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
Page 144 and 145: GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
Page 146 and 147: 2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
Page 148 and 149: Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
Page 150 and 151: There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
Page 152 and 153: Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
Page 154 and 155:
conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
Page 156 and 157:
HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
Page 158 and 159:
I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
Page 160 and 161:
INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
Page 162 and 163:
TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
Page 164 and 165:
J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
Page 166 and 167:
JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
Page 168 and 169:
Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
Page 170 and 171:
HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
Page 172 and 173:
KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
Page 174 and 175:
0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
Page 176 and 177:
KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179:
KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
Page 180 and 181:
sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
Page 182 and 183:
KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
Page 184 and 185:
KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
Page 186 and 187:
delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
Page 188 and 189:
1914, a historic event because Capa
Page 190 and 191:
playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193:
FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195:
LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
Page 196 and 197:
the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
Page 198 and 199:
LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
Page 200 and 201:
Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
Page 202 and 203:
L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
Page 204 and 205:
idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
Page 206 and 207:
MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
Page 208 and 209:
t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
Page 210 and 211:
€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
Page 212 and 213:
was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215:
MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
Page 216 and 217:
as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
Page 218 and 219:
a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
Page 220 and 221:
The play is somelines said to show
Page 222 and 223:
nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
Page 224 and 225:
MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
Page 226 and 227:
playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229:
While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233:
NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
Page 234 and 235:
temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
Page 236 and 237:
indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239:
OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241:
was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243:
inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
Page 244 and 245:
white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247:
PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249:
An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251:
PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
Page 252 and 253:
any player in thc world. None of bi
Page 254 and 255:
seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
Page 256 and 257:
asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269:
publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
Page 272 and 273:
Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275:
The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279:
PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285:
RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291:
A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293:
stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295:
naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301:
s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303:
In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313:
sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323:
the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329:
man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337:
about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
show all

chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper &amp; Kenneth Whyld

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld